Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 32.59–150: Book 32: Zeus yields to Hera; Megaira drives Dionysos mad

Zeus, overcome with desire, says he never loved any mortal or goddess so much, and gathers clouds into a bridal chamber where Sleep closes his eyes. Meanwhile Megaira, at Hera's bidding, torments Dionysos with visions and hissing until he wanders the mountains in a frenzy, attacking beasts and nymphs, and his followers scatter.

Lines 32.59–150 · 851 words · click a number to copy its link
59τοῖον ἔπος βοόωσαν ἀμείβετο θερμὸς ἀκοίτης·

So she spoke aloud, and her consort glowing made reply :

60νύμφα φίλη, λίπε δῆριν· ἐμὸς Διόνυσος ἀγήνωρ ἀμώων προθέλυμνον ἀβακχεύτων γένος Ἰνδῶν χαιρέτω· ἀμφοτέρους δὲ γαμήλια λέκτρα δεχέσθω· οὐ γὰρ ἐπιχθονίης ἀλόχου πόθος, οὐδὲ θεαίνης θυμὸν ἐμὸν θελκτῆρι τόσον βακχεύσατο κεστῷ . . . 65οὐδʼ ὅτε Τηϋγέτης Ἀτλαντίδος, ἧς ἀπὸ λέκτρων πρεσβυγενὴς πολιοῦχος ἀεξήθη Λακεδαίμων· οὐ τόσον ἠρασάμην Νιόβης παρὰ γείτονι Λέρνῃ, κούρης ἀρχεγόνοιο Φορωνέος· οὐ τόσον Ἰοῦς φοιτάδος Ἰναχίης ταυρώπιδος, ἣ παρὰ Νείλῳ 70τίκτε γονὴν Ἐπάφοιο καὶ ἀρχεγόνου Κεροέσσης· οὐ Παφίης τόσον ἦλθον ἐς ἵμερον, ἧς χάριν εὐνῆς Κενταύρους ἐφύτευσα βαλὼν σπόρον αὔλακι γαίης· ὡς σέο νῦν μεθέπω γλυκερὸν πόθον, ἦ ῥα καὶ αὐτὴ ὡς Ζυγίη γεγαυῖα καὶ ὡς μεδέουσα γενέθλης 75Κυπριδίοις βελέεσσιν ὀιστεύεις παρακοίτην;

“Beloved bride, let quarrels be! Let my proud Dionysos cut down root and branch those Indians who will have no Bacchos, and goodbye to him! But let a bridebed receive us both! Not for any mate, neither mortal woman nor goddess, was I ever so charmed in soul at the touch of the cestus; no, not even when I had Tejgete Atlas’s daughter, from whose bed was born Lacedaimon the ancient prince— not so did I love Niobe, the daughter of primeval Phoroneus beside Lerna—not so did I love Inachos’s Io, the wandering heifer, from whom beside the Nile came the line begun by Epaphos and primeval Ceroessa—not so did I desire the Paphian, for whose sake I dropt seed in the furrow of the plowland and begat the Centaurs, as I now feel sweet desire for you! And so you shoot your own husband with Cyprian shafts, being the Lady of Wedlock and queen of creation !

76ὣς εἰπὼν χρυσέας νεφέλας πυργηδὸν ἑλίξας δινωτὴν ἐπίκυρτον ἐνεσφαίρωσε καλύπτρην· καὶ θαλάμου ποιητὸς ἔην τύπος, ὃν τότε κύκλῳ Ἴριδος αἰθερίης ἑτερόχροος ἔστεφε μορφὴ 80πορφυρέη, καὶ Ζηνὶ καὶ ἀγλαοπήχεϊ νύμφῃ αὐτόματον σκέπας ἦεν ὀρεσσαύλων ὑμεναίων, καὶ τύπος αὐτοτέλεστος ἀναγκαίης πέλεν εὐνῆς.

He spoke, and assembling with a whirl golden clouds like a wall, he arched them eddying above like a round covering dome. It was something in the shape of a bridal chamber, so contrived that the purple manicoloured bow of heavenly Iris was then round it like a crown. Thus there was a natural covering for the loves of Zeus and his fairarmed bride as they mated there in the open hills, and there was the shape of a couch self-formed to serve their need.

83οἱ δὲ γάμου χαρίεντος ὁμίλεον ἡδέι θεσμῷ· γαῖα δὲ κηώεσσαν ἀναπτύξασα λοχείην 85ἄνθεσιν ἱμερτοῖσι γαμήλιον ἔστεφεν εὐνήν· καὶ κρόκος ἐβλάστησε Κίλιξ καὶ ἐφύετο μῖλαξ, καὶ λέχος ἀμφοτέρων ἐπεκόσμεε διπλόος ὄρπηξ, θήλεϊ δʼ ἄρσενα φύλλα συνέπλεκε γείτονι ποίῃ, οἷα πόθου πνείων καὶ ἐν ἄνθεσιν ἁβρὸς ἀκοίτης, 90Ζῆνα κρόκῳ πυκάσας καὶ μίλακι σύγγαμον Ἥρην· καὶ Διὸς ὀξὺν ἔρωτα νοήμονι δείκνυε σιγῇ ἱμερόεις νάρκισσος ἐπιθρῴσκων ἀνεμώνῃ. οὐδέ τις ἀθανάτων σκιόεν λέχος, οὐ τότε Νύμφαι γείτονες, οὐ Φαέθων πανεπόψιος, οὐδὲ καὶ αὐτῆς 95ἔδρακεν ἄφθιτα λέκτρα βοώπιδος ὄμμα Σελήνης· πυκνοῖς γὰρ νεφέεσσιν ἐμιτρώθη σκέπας εὐνῆς, καὶ Διὸς ὄμματα θέλξεν ὁμόστολος Ὕπνος Ἐρώτων.

While they communed under the sweet canon of gracious marriage, Earth unfolded her teeming perfumes and crowned the marriage bed with lovely flowers : there sprouted Cilician saffron, there grew bindweed, and wrapt his male leaves about the female plant by his side, as though breathing desire, and himself a dainty mate in the world of flowers. So the double growth adorned the bed of the pair, covering Zeus with saffron and Hera his wife with bindweed ; lovely iris leaping upon anemone portrayed by a meaning silence the sharp love of Zeus. No immortal then beheld the shaded bed of the divine ones, not the Nymphs of the neighbourhood, not Phaéthon allseeing, not even the soft eye of Selene herself saw that imperishable bed; for the couch was covered with thick shady clouds round about, and Sleep the servant of the Loves had charmed the eyes of Zeus.

98ὄφρα μὲν ἁβρὸς ἴαυεν ἐν ἄνθεσι θελγόμενος Ζεύς, ἀγκὰς ἔχων παράκοιτιν ἀθηήτων ἐπὶ λέκτρων, 100τόφρα δὲ ποικιλόμορφος ἐν οὔρεσι φοιτὰς Ἐρινὺς νεύμασιν Ἡραίοισιν ἐθωρήχθη Διονύσῳ· καὶ κτύπον ἐσμαράγησεν ἐπʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσι Λυαίου, σεισαμένη βαρύδουπος ἐχιδνήεσσαν ἱμάσθλην· καὶ κεφαλὴν ἐλέλιξε, δρακοντείων δὲ κομάων 105φρικτὰ τινασσομένων ἐπεσύρισε λοίγιος ἠχώ, καὶ σκοπιὴν ἔρραινον ἐρημάδα πίδακες ἰοῦ . . . ἄλλοτε θηρείοιο τύπον φαίνουσα προσώπου αἰνομανὴς ἔφριξε λέων πυκινότριχι λαιμῷ, χάσματι φοινήεντι καταΐσσων Διονύσου.

While Zeus slept delicately charmed among the flowers, holding his wife in his arms on that bed unseen, the Fury of many shapes wandering among the hills armed herself against Dionysos by Hera’s commands . She made a great rattling over Lyaios’s eyes, loudly cracking her snaky whip ; she shook her head, and a deadly hiss issued from her quivering serpent-hair, terrible, and fountains of poison drenched the rocky wilderness. . . . At times, again, she showed a face like some wild beast ; a mad and awful lion with thick bristles upon his neck, threatening Dionysos with bloody gape.

110τὸν μὲν ἀμερσινόοιο κατάσχετον ἅλματι λύσσης Ἄρτεμις ἐσκοπίαζε, καὶ ἤθελε λύσσαν ἐλάσσαι, ἀλλά μιν ἐπτοίησε βαρύκτυπος ὑψόθεν Ἥρη, πυρσὸν ἀκοντίζουσα· καὶ εἴκαθε δεσπότις ἄγρης μητρυιῇ κοτέουσα· φύλαξ δέ τις ἔπλετο Βάκχου 115μαινομένου, καὶ θῆρας ἑοὺς ἀνέκοψεν ἀπειλῇ, καὶ κύνας ἀγρευτῆρας ἐπεσφηκώσατο δεσμῷ, αὐχενίων σφίγξασα πολύπλοκον ὁλκὸν ἱμάντων, μὴ χρόα δηλήσαιντο νοοσφαλέος Διονύσου.

Then Artemis saw Bacchos caught in a fit of mind-marauding madness, and would have driven the madness away, but Hera with heavy noise aloft cast a burning brand at her and scared her off. The mistress of the hunt gave way in anger to her stepmother. But she did protect maddened Bacchos a little ; she held back her wild beasts with threatenings, and shackled the hunting dogs, fastening straps round and round their necks that they should not hurt the flesh of delirious Dionysos.

119Νερτερίῳ δὲ Μέγαιρα κελαινιόωσα χιτῶνι 120εἰς ζόφον αὖτις ἵκανεν, ἐπαιθύσσουσα Λυαίῳ φάσματα ποικιλόμορφα· κατὰ Βρομίοιο δὲ πολλαὶ ἰοβόλοι ῥαθάμιγγες ὀιστεύοντο καρήνου καὶ βλοσυροὶ σπινθῆρες· ἀεὶ δέ οἱ ἔνδον ἀκουῆς Ταρταρίης σύριζε λαθίφρονος ἦχος ἱμάσθλης.

Now Megaira black in her infernal robe went back into the darkness, and sent out many spectral visions to Lyaios. Showers of poison-drops were shot upon the head of Bromios and big fat sparks ; ever in his ears was the whistling sound of the hellish whip which robbed him of his senses.

125καὶ μογέων Διόνυσος ἐρημάδος ἔνδοθι λόχμης δύσβατα φοιτητῆρι διέστιχεν οὔρεα ταρσῷ ἄσθματι δαιμονίῳ δεδονημένος· ἀμφὶ δὲ πέτραις, οἰστρομανὴς ἅτε ταῦρος, ἑὰς ἤρασσε κεραίας, τρηχαλέον μύκημα χέων λυσσώδεϊ λαιμῷ· 130Πᾶνα δὲ καλλείψασα καὶ ὑστερόφωνον ἀοιδὴν φθόγγῳ μαινομένῳ μυκήσατο δύσθροος Ἠχώ, ἀντίτυπον θρασὺν ἦχον ἀμειβομένη Διονύσου. καὶ βαλίας ἐλάφους, λασίας δʼ ἐδίωκε λεαίνας Βάκχος ἀελλήεις, μεθέπων ὀρεσίδρομον ἄγρην· 135οὐδέ οἱ ἄγχι λέων θρασὺς ἤιε· ταρβαλέη δὲ ἄρκτος ἐριπτοίητος ἐκεύθετο φωλάδι πέτρῃ λύσσαν ἀπειλητῆρος ὑποπτήσσουσα Λυαίου, δεχνυμένη βλοσυρῇσι θεήλατον ἦχον ἀκουαῖς· μηκεδανοὺς δὲ δράκοντας ἐρειδομένους τινὶ πέτρῃ 140μείλιχα λιχμώοντας ἀπέθρισε νηλέι θύρσῳ· καὶ σκοπιὰς ἐτίναξε τανυγλώχινι κεραίῃ κτείνων ἀκλινέων ἱκετήσια φῦλα λεόντων· καὶ δρύας εὐκάρποιο μετερρίζωσεν ἀρούρης, Ἁδρυάδας δʼ ἐδίωκεν· ὀιστεύων δὲ κολώνας 145Νηιάδας ποταμοῖο μετήλυδας ἤλασε Νύμφας. Βασσαρίδες δʼ ἀλάληντο καὶ οὐχ ἥπτοντο Λυαίου, καὶ Σάτυροι φρίσσοντες ἐνεκρύπτοντο θαλάσσῃ, οὐδέ οἱ ἐγγὺς ἵκοντο τεθηπότες ὄγκον ἀπειλῆς, μή σφιν ἐπαΐξειε χέων ἑτερόθροον ἠχώ, 150ἀφρὸν ἀκοντίζων χιονώδεα, μάρτυρα λύσσης.

Thus tormented in the lonely forest, Dionysos paced the pathless mountains with wandering foot, shaken by terrible pantings. Like a mad bull, he dashed his horns against the rocks, and a harsh bellow came from his maddened throat. Echo left Pan and mimicked his tune no more, but bellowed an ugly sound in frenzied tone, repeating the wild noise of Dionysos. He swift as the storm chased the dappled deer and shaggy lionesses, plying his highland hunt. No lion so bold as to come near him; the bear appalled and scared hid in a secret cave, fearing the menacing madness of Lyaios, hearing the sound of the god in her rough ears. With pitiless thyrsus he cut through long pythons lying on a stone and gently licking him: he shook the rocks with long-pointed horn: he killed troops of lions, unyielding beasts but now seeking mercy: he rooted up trees from the fruitful soil, he chased the Hadryads, he volleyed the cliffs and drove the Naiad nymphs out of the river homeless. Bassarids went scattering and would not come within touch of Lyaios, Satyrs shivered and hid in the sea; they would not come near him, dazed at the threatening onset, lest he dash at them letting out that outlandish roar, spitting snowy foam, the witness of madness.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.