Virgil · Aeneid Aeneis

Virgil, Aeneid 4.522–583: Dido's sleepless night; the Trojan fleet sails

At night the world sleeps, but Dido lies awake, weighing her options and finding none she will accept, and she blames her broken vows to Sichaeus. Aeneas, asleep on his ship, is warned by a god in the form of Hermes (Mercury) that Dido plots harm and that he must flee before dawn. Aeneas wakes his men, cuts the cables with his sword, and the fleet rows away.

Lines 4.522–583 · 686 words · click a number to copy its link
522Nox erat, et placidum carpebant fessa soporem corpora per terras, silvaeque et saeva quierant aequora: cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, 525cum tacet omnis ager, pecudes pictaeque volucres, quaeque lacus late liquidos, quaeque aspera dumis rura tenent, somno positae sub nocte silenti . At non infelix animi Phoenissa, nec umquam 530Solvitur in somnos, oculisve aut pectore noctem accipit: ingeminant curae, rursusque resurgens saevit amor, magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu. Sic adeo insistit, secumque ita corde volutat: En, quid ago? Rursusne procos inrisa priores 535experiar, Nomadumque petam conubia supplex, quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos? Iliacas igitur classes atque ultima Teucrum iussa sequar? Quiane auxilio iuvat ante levatos, et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti? 540Quis me autem, fac velle, sinet, ratibusve superbis invisam accipiet? Nescis heu, perdita, necdum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis?

Soon fell the night, and peaceful slumbers breathed
on all earth's weary creatures; the loud seas
and babbling forests entered on repose;
now midway in their heavenly course the stars
wheeled silent on; the outspread lands below
lay voiceless; all the birds of tinted wing,
and flocks that haunt the merge of waters wide
or keep the thorny wold, oblivious lay
beneath the night so still; the stings of care
ceased troubling, and no heart its burden knew.
Not so the Tyrian Queen's deep-grieving soul!
To sleep she could not yield; her eyes and heart
refused the gift of night; her suffering
redoubled, and in full returning tide
her love rebelled, while on wild waves of rage
she drifted to and fro. So, ceasing not
from sorrow, thus she brooded on her wrongs:
“What refuge now? Shall I invite the scorn
of my rejected wooers, or entreat
of some disdainful, nomad blackamoor
to take me to his bed—though many a time
such husbands I made mock of? Shall I sail
on Ilian ships away, and sink to be
the Trojans' humble thrall? Do they rejoice
that once I gave them bread? Lives gratitude
in hearts like theirs for bygone kindnesses?
O, who, if so I stooped, would deign to bear
on yon proud ships the scorned and fallen Queen?
Lost creature! Woe betide thee! Knowest thou not
the perjured children of Laomedon?

543Quid tum, sola fuga nautas comitabor ovantes, an Tyriis omnique manu stipata meorum 545inferar, et, quos Sidonia vix urbe revelli, rursus agam pelago, et ventis dare vela iubebo? Quin morere, ut merita es, ferroque averte dolorem. Tu lacrimis evicta meis, tu prima furentem his, germana, malis oneras atque obicis hosti. 550Non licuit thalami expertem sine crimine vitam degere, more ferae, tales nec tangere curas! Non servata fides cineri promissa Sychaeo! Tantos illa suo rumpebat pectore questus. Aeneas celsa in puppi, iam certus eundi, 555carpebat somnos, rebus iam rite paratis. Huic se forma dei voltu redeuntis eodem obtulit in somnis, rursusque ita visa monere est— omnia Mercurio similis, vocemque coloremque et crinis flavos et membra decora iuventa: 560Nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos, nec, quae te circum stent deinde pericula, cernis, demens, nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos?

What way is left? Should I take flight alone
and join the revelling sailors? Or depart
with Tyrians, the whole attending train
of my own people? Hard the task to force
their hearts from Sidon's towers; how once more
compel to sea, and bid them spread the sail?
Nay, perish! Thou hast earned it. Let the sword
from sorrow save thee! Sister of my blood—
who else but thee,—my own tears borne down,
didst heap disaster on my frantic soul,
and fling me to this foe? Why could I not
pass wedlock by, and live a blameless life
as wild things do, nor taste of passion's pain?
But I broke faith! I cast the vows away
made at Sichaeus' grave.” Such loud lament
burst from her breaking heart with doleful sound.
Meanwhile Aeneas on his lofty ship,
having made ready all, and fixed his mind
to launch away upon brief slumber fell.
But the god came; and in the self-same guise
once more in monitory vision spoke,
all guised as Mercury,—his voice, his hue,
his golden locks, and young limbs strong and fair.
“Hail, goddess-born! Wouldst linger on in sleep
at such an hour? Nor seest thou the snares
that hem thee round? Nor hearest thou the voice
of friendly zephyrs calling? Senseless man!

563Illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectore versat, certa mori, varioque irarum fluctuat aestu. 565Non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas? Iam mare turbari trabibus, saevasque videbis conlucere faces, iam fervere litora flammis, si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem. Heia age, rumpe moras. Varium et mutabile semper 570femina. Sic fatus, nocti se immiscuit atrae. Tum vero Aeneas, subitis exterritus umbris, corripit e somno corpus, sociosque fatigat: Praecipites vigilate, viri, et considite transtris; solvite vela citi. Deus aethere missus ab alto 575festinare fugam tortosque incidere funes ecce iterum stimulat. Sequimur te, sancte deorum, quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ovantes. Adsis o placidusque iuves, et sidera caelo dextra feras. Dixit, vaginaque eripit ensem 580fulmineum, strictoque ferit retinacula ferro. Idem omnes simul ardor habet, rapiuntque ruuntque; litora deseruere; latet sub classibus aequor; adnixi torquent spumas et caerula verrunt.

That woman's breast contrives some treachery
and horrid stroke; for, resolute to die,
she drifts on swollen floods of wrath and scorn.
Wilt thou not fly before the hastening hour
of flight is gone? To-morrow thou wilt see
yon waters thronged with ships, the cruel glare
of fire-brands, and yonder shore all flame,
if but the light of morn again surprise
thee loitering in this land. Away! Away!
Stay not! A mutable and shifting thing
is woman ever.” Such command he spoke,
then melted in the midnight dark away.
Aeneas, by that fleeting vision struck
with an exceeding awe, straightway leaped forth
from slumber's power, and to his followers cried :
“Awake, my men! Away! Each to his place
upon the thwarts! Unfurl at once the sails!
A god from heaven a second time sent down
urges our instant flight and bids us cut
the twisted cords. Whatever be thy name,
behold, we come, O venerated Power!
Again with joy we follow! Let thy grace
assist us as we go! And may thy power
bring none but stars benign across our sky.”
So saying, from its scabbard forth he flashed
the lightning of his sword, with naked blade
striking the hawsers free. Like ardor seized
on all his willing men, who raced and ran;
and, while their galleys shadowed all the sea,
clean from the shore they scudded, with strong strokes
sweeping the purple waves and crested foam.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Theodore C. Williams (1910). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid of Virgil, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.