Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 15.592–746: Hector seizes Protesilaus' ship; Ajax with his pike

Zeus stirs up Hector, planning that he will have a short life and that Achilles will then rise against him. The Achaeans stand like a wall, but Hector falls on them like a wave on a ship, and Ajax, leaping from deck to deck with his long ship-fighting pike, holds the Trojans off. Hector lays hold of the stern of Protesilaus' ship and calls for fire.

Lines 15.592–746 · 1771 words · click a number to copy its link
592Τρῶες δὲ λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισι νηυσὶν ἐπεσσεύοντο, Διὸς δʼ ἐτέλειον ἐφετμάς, ὅ σφισιν αἰὲν ἔγειρε μένος μέγα, θέλγε δὲ θυμὸν 595Ἀργείων καὶ κῦδος ἀπαίνυτο, τοὺς δʼ ὀρόθυνεν. Ἕκτορι γάρ οἱ θυμὸς ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι Πριαμίδῃ, ἵνα νηυσὶ κορωνίσι θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ ἐμβάλοι ἀκάματον, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξαίσιον ἀρὴν πᾶσαν ἐπικρήνειε· τὸ γὰρ μένε μητίετα Ζεὺς 600νηὸς καιομένης σέλας ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι. ἐκ γὰρ δὴ τοῦ μέλλε παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν θησέμεναι Τρώων, Δαναοῖσι δὲ κῦδος ὀρέξειν. τὰ φρονέων νήεσσιν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἔγειρεν Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μάλα περ μεμαῶτα καὶ αὐτόν. 605μαίνετο δʼ ὡς ὅτʼ Ἄρης ἐγχέσπαλος ἢ ὀλοὸν πῦρ οὔρεσι μαίνηται βαθέης ἐν τάρφεσιν ὕλης· ἀφλοισμὸς δὲ περὶ στόμα γίγνετο, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε λαμπέσθην βλοσυρῇσιν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσιν, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ σμερδαλέον κροτάφοισι τινάσσετο μαρναμένοιο 610Ἕκτορος· αὐτὸς γάρ οἱ ἀπʼ αἰθέρος ἦεν ἀμύντωρ Ζεύς, ὅς μιν πλεόνεσσι μετʼ ἀνδράσι μοῦνον ἐόντα τίμα καὶ κύδαινε. μινυνθάδιος γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἔσσεσθʼ· ἤδη γάρ οἱ ἐπόρνυε μόρσιμον ἦμαρ Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη ὑπὸ Πηλεΐδαο βίηφιν.

But the Trojans, like ravening lions, rushed upon the ships and were fulfilling the behests of Zeus, who ever roused great might in them, but made the hearts of the Argives to melt, and took away their glory, while he spurred on the others. For his heart was set on giving glory to Hector, son of Priam, to the end that he might cast upon the beaked ships unwearied, wondrous-blazing fire, and so fulfill to the uttermost the presumptuous prayer of Thetis. Even for this was Zeus the counsellor waiting, that his eyes might behold the glare of a burning ship; for from that time forth was he to ordain a driving-back of the Trojans from the ships, and to grant glory to the Danaans. With this intent he was rousing against the hollow ships Hector son of Priam, that was himself full eager. And he was raging like Ares, wielder of the spear, or as when consuming fire rageth among the mountains in the thickets of a deep wood; and foam came forth about his mouth, and his two eyes blazed beneath his dreadful brows, and round about his temples terribly shook the helm of Hector as he fought; for Zeus out of heaven was himself his defender, and vouchsafed him honour and glory, alone as he was amid so many warriors. For brief was his span of life to be, since even now Pallas Athene was hastening on the day of his doom beneath the might of the son of Peleus.

615καί ῥʼ ἔθελεν ῥῆξαι στίχας ἀνδρῶν πειρητίζων, ᾗ δὴ πλεῖστον ὅμιλον ὅρα καὶ τεύχεʼ ἄριστα· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύνατο ῥῆξαι μάλα περ μενεαίνων· ἴσχον γὰρ πυργηδὸν ἀρηρότες, ἠΰτε πέτρη ἠλίβατος μεγάλη πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐγγὺς ἐοῦσα, 620ἥ τε μένει λιγέων ἀνέμων λαιψηρὰ κέλευθα κύματά τε τροφόεντα, τά τε προσερεύγεται αὐτήν· ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον οὐδὲ φέβοντο. αὐτὰρ ὃ λαμπόμενος πυρὶ πάντοθεν ἔνθορʼ ὁμίλῳ, ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὡς ὅτε κῦμα θοῇ ἐν νηῒ πέσῃσι 625λάβρον ὑπαὶ νεφέων ἀνεμοτρεφές· ἣ δέ τε πᾶσα ἄχνῃ ὑπεκρύφθη, ἀνέμοιο δὲ δεινὸς ἀήτη ἱστίῳ ἐμβρέμεται, τρομέουσι δέ τε φρένα ναῦται δειδιότες· τυτθὸν γὰρ ὑπʼ ἐκ θανάτοιο φέρονται· ὣς ἐδαΐζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.

But fain was he to break the ranks of men, making trial of them wheresoever he saw the greatest throng and the goodliest arms. Yet not even so did he avail to break them, for all he was so eager; for they abode firm-fixed as it were a wall, like a crag, sheer and great, hard by the grey sea, that abideth the swift paths of the shrill winds, and the swelling waves that belch forth against it; even so the Danaans withstood the Trojans steadfastly, and fled not. But Hector shining all about as with fire leapt among the throng, and fell upon them; even as when beneath the clouds a fierce-rushing wave, swollen by the winds, falleth upon a swift ship, and she is all hidden by the foam thereof, and the dread blast of the wind roareth against the sail, and the hearts of the sailors shudder in their fear, for that by little are they borne forth from death; even so were the hearts of the Achaeans rent within their breasts.

630αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὥς τε λέων ὀλοόφρων βουσὶν ἐπελθών, αἵ ῥά τʼ ἐν εἱαμενῇ ἕλεος μεγάλοιο νέμονται μυρίαι, ἐν δέ τε τῇσι νομεὺς οὔ πω σάφα εἰδὼς θηρὶ μαχέσσασθαι ἕλικος βοὸς ἀμφὶ φονῇσιν· ἤτοι ὃ μὲν πρώτῃσι καὶ ὑστατίῃσι βόεσσιν 635αἰὲν ὁμοστιχάει, ὃ δέ τʼ ἐν μέσσῃσιν ὀρούσας βοῦν ἔδει, αἳ δέ τε πᾶσαι ὑπέτρεσαν· ὣς τότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ θεσπεσίως ἐφόβηθεν ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι καὶ Διὶ πατρὶ πάντες, ὃ δʼ οἶον ἔπεφνε Μυκηναῖον Περιφήτην, Κοπρῆος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Εὐρυσθῆος ἄνακτος 640ἀγγελίης οἴχνεσκε βίῃ Ἡρακληείῃ. τοῦ γένετʼ ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων παντοίας ἀρετάς, ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι, καὶ νόον ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων ἐτέτυκτο· ὅς ῥα τόθʼ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυάλιξε. 645στρεφθεὶς γὰρ μετόπισθεν ἐν ἀσπίδος ἄντυγι πάλτο, τὴν αὐτὸς φορέεσκε ποδηνεκέʼ ἕρκος ἀκόντων· τῇ ὅ γʼ ἐνὶ βλαφθεὶς πέσεν ὕπτιος, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ σμερδαλέον κονάβησε περὶ κροτάφοισι πεσόντος.

But he fell upon them like a lion of baneful mind coming against kine, that are grazing in the bottom-land of a great marsh, and there is no counting them, and among them is a herdsman that is as yet unskilled to fight with a wild beast over the carcase of a sleek heifer that hath been slain: he verily walketh ever by their side, now abreast of the foremost of the kine, and now of the hindmost, but the lion leapeth upon the midmost, and devoureth a heifer, and thereat they all flee in terror; even so in wondrous wise were the Achaeans one and all then driven in wondrous rout by Hector and father Zeus, albeit Hector slew one only man, Periphetes of Mycenae, the dear son of Copreus, that had been wont to go on messages from king Eurystheus to the mighty Heracles. Of him, a father baser by far, was begotten a son goodlier in all manner of excellence, both in fleetness of foot and in fight, and in mind he was among the first of the men of Mycenae; he it was who then yielded to Hector the glory of victory. For, as he turned back, he tripped upon the rim of the shield that himself bare, a shield that reached to the feet, a defence against javelins: thereon he stumbled and fell backward, and about his temples his helm rang wondrously as he fell.

649Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη, 650στήθεϊ δʼ ἐν δόρυ πῆξε, φίλων δέ μιν ἐγγὺς ἑταίρων κτεῖνʼ· οἳ δʼ οὐκ ἐδύναντο καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἑταίρου χραισμεῖν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ μάλα δείδισαν Ἕκτορα δῖον. εἰσωποὶ δʼ ἐγένοντο νεῶν, περὶ δʼ ἔσχεθον ἄκραι νῆες ὅσαι πρῶται εἰρύατο· τοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο. 655Ἀργεῖοι δὲ νεῶν μὲν ἐχώρησαν καὶ ἀνάγκῃ τῶν πρωτέων, αὐτοῦ δὲ παρὰ κλισίῃσιν ἔμειναν ἁθρόοι, οὐδὲ κέδασθεν ἀνὰ στρατόν· ἴσχε γὰρ αἰδὼς καὶ δέος· ἀζηχὲς γὰρ ὁμόκλεον ἀλλήλοισι. Νέστωρ αὖτε μάλιστα Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν 660λίσσεθʼ ὑπὲρ τοκέων γουνούμενος ἄνδρα ἕκαστον· ὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε καὶ αἰδῶ θέσθʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, ἐπὶ δὲ μνήσασθε ἕκαστος παίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχων καὶ κτήσιος ἠδὲ τοκήων, ἠμὲν ὅτεῳ ζώουσι καὶ ᾧ κατατεθνήκασι· 665τῶν ὕπερ ἐνθάδʼ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, μὴ δὲ τρωπᾶσθε φόβον δέ. ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.

And Hector was quick to mark it, and ran, and stood close beside him, and fixed his spear in his breast, and slew him hard by his dear comrades; and they availed not to aid him, albeit they sorrowed for their comrade; for themselves were sore adread of goodly Hector. Now were they got among the ships, and the outermost ships encircled them, even they that had been drawn up in the first line; but their foes rushed on. And the Argives gave way perforce from the outermost ships, but abode there beside their huts, all in one body, and scattered not throughout the camp; for shame withheld them and fear; and unceasingly they called aloud one to the other. And above all others Nestor of Gerenia, the warder of the Achaeans, besought each man, adjuring him by them that begat him, saying: My friends, play the man, and take in your hearts shame of other men, and be ye mindful, each man of you, of children and wife, of possessions and of his parents, whether in the case of any they be living or be dead. For the sake of them that are not here with us do I now beseech you to stand firm, and turn not back in flight.

668τοῖσι δʼ ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν νέφος ἀχλύος ὦσεν Ἀθήνη θεσπέσιον· μάλα δέ σφι φόως γένετʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν 670ἠμὲν πρὸς νηῶν καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο. Ἕκτορα δὲ φράσσαντο βοὴν ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἑταίρους, ἠμὲν ὅσοι μετόπισθεν ἀφέστασαν οὐδὲ μάχοντο, ἠδʼ ὅσσοι παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχην ἐμάχοντο θοῇσιν. οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ Αἴαντι μεγαλήτορι ἥνδανε θυμῷ 675ἑστάμεν ἔνθά περ ἄλλοι ἀφέστασαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν· ἀλλʼ ὅ γε νηῶν ἴκριʼ ἐπῴχετο μακρὰ βιβάσθων, νώμα δὲ ξυστὸν μέγα ναύμαχον ἐν παλάμῃσι κολλητὸν βλήτροισι δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυ. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ἵπποισι κελητίζειν ἐῢ εἰδώς, 680ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ πολέων πίσυρας συναείρεται ἵππους, σεύας ἐκ πεδίοιο μέγα προτὶ ἄστυ δίηται λαοφόρον καθʼ ὁδόν· πολέες τέ ἑ θηήσαντο ἀνέρες ἠδὲ γυναῖκες· ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδον ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ θρῴσκων ἄλλοτʼ ἐπʼ ἄλλον ἀμείβεται, οἳ δὲ πέτονται· 685ὣς Αἴας ἐπὶ πολλὰ θοάων ἴκρια νηῶν φοίτα μακρὰ βιβάς, φωνὴ δέ οἱ αἰθέρʼ ἵκανεν, αἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε νηυσί τε καὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀμυνέμεν. οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν ἐνὶ Τρώων ὁμάδῳ πύκα θωρηκτάων· 690ἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν αἰετὸς αἴθων ἔθνος ἐφορμᾶται ποταμὸν πάρα βοσκομενάων χηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων, ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἴθυσε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο ἀντίος ἀΐξας· τὸν δὲ Ζεὺς ὦσεν ὄπισθε 695χειρὶ μάλα μεγάλῃ, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅμʼ αὐτῷ.

So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit of every man, and from their eyes Athene thrust away the wondrous cloud of mist, and mightily did light come to them from either hand, both from the side of the ships and from that of evil war. And all beheld Hector, good at the war-cry, and his comrades, alike they that stood in the rear and fought not, and all they that did battle by the swift ships. Now was it no more pleasing to the soul of great-hearted Aias to stand in the place where the rest of the sons of the Achaeans stood aloof, but he kept faring with long strides up and down the decks of the ships, and he wielded in his hands a long pike for sea-fighting, a pike jointed with rings, of a length two and twenty cubits. And as a man well-skilled in horsemanship harnesseth together four horses chosen out of many, and driveth them in swift course from the plain toward a great city along a highway, while many marvel at him, both men-folk and women, and ever with sure step he leapeth, and passeth from horse to horse, while they speed on; even so Aias kept ranging with long strides over the many decks of the swift ships, and his voice went up to heaven, as ever with terrible cries he called to the Danaans to defend their ships and huts. Nor did Hector abide amid the throng of the mail-clad Trojans, but as a tawny eagle darteth upon a flock of winged fowl that are feeding by a river's bank—a flock of wild geese, or cranes, or long-necked swans, even so Hector made for a dark-prowed ship, rushing straight thereon; and from behind Zeus thrust him on with exceeding mighty hand, and aroused the host together with him.

696αὖτις δὲ δριμεῖα μάχη παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτύχθη· φαίης κʼ ἀκμῆτας καὶ ἀτειρέας ἀλλήλοισιν ἄντεσθʼ ἐν πολέμῳ, ὡς ἐσσυμένως ἐμάχοντο. τοῖσι δὲ μαρναμένοισιν ὅδʼ ἦν νόος· ἤτοι Ἀχαιοὶ 700οὐκ ἔφασαν φεύξεσθαι ὑπʼ ἐκ κακοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὀλέεσθαι, Τρωσὶν δʼ ἔλπετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἑκάστου νῆας ἐνιπρήσειν κτενέειν θʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς. οἳ μὲν τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν· Ἕκτωρ δὲ πρυμνῆς νεὸς ἥψατο ποντοπόροιο 705καλῆς ὠκυάλου, ἣ Πρωτεσίλαον ἔνεικεν ἐς Τροίην, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἀπήγαγε πατρίδα γαῖαν. τοῦ περ δὴ περὶ νηὸς Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε δῄουν ἀλλήλους αὐτοσχεδόν· οὐδʼ ἄρα τοί γε τόξων ἀϊκὰς ἀμφὶς μένον οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀκόντων, 710ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενοι ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες ὀξέσι δὴ πελέκεσσι καὶ ἀξίνῃσι μάχοντο καὶ ξίφεσιν μεγάλοισι καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι. πολλὰ δὲ φάσγανα καλὰ μελάνδετα κωπήεντα ἄλλα μὲν ἐκ χειρῶν χαμάδις πέσον, ἄλλα δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων 715ἀνδρῶν μαρναμένων· ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα μέλαινα.

Then again keen battle was set afoot beside the ships. Thou wouldst have deemed that all unwearied and unworn they faced one another in war, so furiously did they fight. And in their fighting they were minded thus: The Achaeans verily deemed that they should never escape from out the peril, but should perish, while for the Trojans, the heart in each man's breast hoped that they should fire the ships and slay the Achaean warriors. Such were their thoughts as they stood, each host against the other. But Hector laid hold of the stern of a seafaring ship, a fair ship, swift upon the brine, that had borne Protesilaus to Troy, but brought him not back again to his native land. About his ship Achaeans and Trojans were slaying one another in close combat, nor did they longer hold aloof and thus endure the flight of arrows and darts, but standing man against man in oneness of heart, they fought with sharp battle-axes and hatchets, and with great swords and two-edged spears. And many goodly blades, bound with dark thongs at the hilt, fell to the ground, some from the hands and some from the shoulders of the warriors as they fought; and the black earth flowed with blood.

716Ἕκτωρ δὲ πρύμνηθεν ἐπεὶ λάβεν οὐχὶ μεθίει ἄφλαστον μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων, Τρωσὶν δὲ κέλευεν· οἴσετε πῦρ, ἅμα δʼ αὐτοὶ ἀολλέες ὄρνυτʼ ἀϋτήν· νῦν ἡμῖν πάντων Ζεὺς ἄξιον ἦμαρ ἔδωκε 720νῆας ἑλεῖν, αἳ δεῦρο θεῶν ἀέκητι μολοῦσαι ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν, κακότητι γερόντων, οἵ μʼ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν αὐτόν τʼ ἰσχανάασκον ἐρητύοντό τε λαόν· ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥα τότε βλάπτε φρένας εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς 725ἡμετέρας, νῦν αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισιν ὄρουσαν. Αἴας δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔμιμνε· βιάζετο γὰρ βελέεσσιν· ἀλλʼ ἀνεχάζετο τυτθόν, ὀϊόμενος θανέεσθαι θρῆνυν ἐφʼ ἑπταπόδην, λίπε δʼ ἴκρια νηὸς ἐΐσης. 730ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἑστήκει δεδοκημένος, ἔγχεϊ δʼ αἰεὶ Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ· αἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε· ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς. 735ἠέ τινάς φαμεν εἶναι ἀοσσητῆρας ὀπίσσω, ἦέ τι τεῖχος ἄρειον, ὅ κʼ ἀνδράσι λοιγὸν ἀμύναι; οὐ μέν τι σχεδόν ἐστι πόλις πύργοις ἀραρυῖα, ᾗ κʼ ἀπαμυναίμεσθʼ ἑτεραλκέα δῆμον ἔχοντες· ἀλλʼ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ πύκα θωρηκτάων 740πόντῳ κεκλιμένοι ἑκὰς ἥμεθα πατρίδος αἴης· τὼ ἐν χερσὶ φόως, οὐ μειλιχίῃ πολέμοιο. ἦ, καὶ μαιμώων ἔφεπʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι. ὅς τις δὲ Τρώων κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ φέροιτο σὺν πυρὶ κηλείῳ, χάριν Ἕκτορος ὀτρύναντος, 745τὸν δʼ Αἴας οὔτασκε δεδεγμένος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ· δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε νεῶν αὐτοσχεδὸν οὖτα.

But Hector, when he had grasped the ship by the stern, would not loose his hold, but kept the ensign in his hands, and called to the Trojans: Bring fire, and therewithal raise ye the war-cry all with one voice; now hath Zeus vouchsafed us a day that is recompense for all— to take the ships that came hither in despite of the gods, and brought us many woes, by reason of the cowardice of the elders, who, when I was eager to fight at the sterns of the ships, kept me back, and withheld the host. But if Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, then dulled our wits, now of himself he urgeth and giveth command. So spake he, and they leapt the more upon the Argives. But Aias no longer abode, for he was sore beset with darts, but, ever foreboding death, gave ground a little along the bridge of seven feet in height, and left the deck of the shapely ship. There stood he on the watch, and with his spear he ever warded from the ship whosoever of the Trojans sought to bring unwearied fire; and ever with terrible cries he called to the Danaans: Friends, Danaan warriors, squires of Ares, be men, my friends, and bethink you of furious might. Do we haply deem that there are other helpers at our backs, or some stronger wall to ward off ruin from men? In no wise is there hard at hand a city fenced with walls, whereby we might defend ourselves, having a host to turn the tide of battle; nay, it is in the plain of the mail-clad Trojans that we are set, with naught to support us but the sea, and far from our native land. Therefore in the might of our hands is the light of deliverance, and not in slackness in fight. He spake, and kept driving furiously at the foe with his sharp spear. And whoso of the Trojans would rush upon the hollow ships with blazing fire, doing pleasure to Hector at his bidding, for him would Aias wait, and wound him with a thrust of his long spear; and twelve men did he wound in close fight in front of the ships.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.