Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 15.281–389: The Trojan counterattack; Apollo breaks the wall

Hector returns to the battle, and Thoas of Aetolia tells the Achaeans to send the host back to the ships while the best men stand and face him. The fight begins again and Apollo shakes the aegis, so that the Achaeans' courage fails. The Trojans kill many chiefs, and Apollo goes before them and throws down the Achaeans' wall as a child kicks over a sand-castle.

Lines 15.281–389 · 1247 words · click a number to copy its link
281τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀγόρευε Θόας Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός, Αἰτωλῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἐπιστάμενος μὲν ἄκοντι ἐσθλὸς δʼ ἐν σταδίῃ· ἀγορῇ δέ ἑ παῦροι Ἀχαιῶν νίκων, ὁππότε κοῦροι ἐρίσσειαν περὶ μύθων· 285ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν· ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι, οἷον δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀνέστη κῆρας ἀλύξας Ἕκτωρ· ἦ θήν μιν μάλα ἔλπετο θυμὸς ἑκάστου χερσὶν ὑπʼ Αἴαντος θανέειν Τελαμωνιάδαο. 290ἀλλά τις αὖτε θεῶν ἐρρύσατο καὶ ἐσάωσεν Ἕκτορʼ, ὃ δὴ πολλῶν Δαναῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν, ὡς καὶ νῦν ἔσσεσθαι ὀΐομαι· οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ γε Ζηνὸς ἐριγδούπου πρόμος ἵσταται ὧδε μενοινῶν. ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼν εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες. 295πληθὺν μὲν ποτὶ νῆας ἀνώξομεν ἀπονέεσθαι· αὐτοὶ δʼ, ὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἐνὶ στρατῷ εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι, στήομεν, εἴ κεν πρῶτον ἐρύξομεν ἀντιάσαντες δούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· τὸν δʼ οἴω καὶ μεμαῶτα θυμῷ δείσεσθαι Δαναῶν καταδῦναι ὅμιλον.

Then among them spake Thoas, son of Andraemon, far the best of the Aetolians, well-skilled in throwing the javelin, but a good man too in close fight, and in the place of assembly could but few of the Achaeans surpass him, when the young men were striving in debate. He with good intent addressed their gathering, and spake among them: Now look you, verily a great marvel is this that mine eyes behold, how that now he is risen again and hath avoided the fates, even Hector. In sooth the heart of each man of us hoped that he had died beneath the hands of Aias, son of Telamon. But lo, some one of the gods hath again delivered and saved Hector, who verily hath loosed the knees of many Danaans, as, I deem, will befall even now, since not without the will of loud-thundering Zeus doth he stand forth thus eagerly as a champion. Nay come, even as I shall bid, let us all obey. The multitude let us bid return to the ships, but ourselves, all we that declare us to be the the best in the host, let us take our stand, if so be we first may face him, and thrust him back with our outstretched spears; methinks, for all his eagerness he will fear at heart to enter into the throng of the Danaans.

300ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο· οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀμφʼ Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα Τεῦκρον Μηριόνην τε Μέγην τʼ ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ ὑσμίνην ἤρτυνον ἀριστῆας καλέσαντες Ἕκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐναντίον· αὐτὰρ ὀπίσσω 305ἣ πληθὺς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἀπονέοντο. Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ μακρὰ βιβάς· πρόσθεν δὲ κίʼ αὐτοῦ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων εἱμένος ὤμοιιν νεφέλην, ἔχε δʼ αἰγίδα θοῦριν δεινὴν ἀμφιδάσειαν ἀριπρεπέʼ, ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς 310Ἥφαιστος Διὶ δῶκε φορήμεναι ἐς φόβον ἀνδρῶν· τὴν ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων ἡγήσατο λαῶν. Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες, ὦρτο δʼ ἀϋτὴ ὀξεῖʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν, ἀπὸ νευρῆφι δʼ ὀϊστοὶ θρῷσκον· πολλὰ δὲ δοῦρα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν 315ἄλλα μὲν ἐν χροῒ πήγνυτʼ ἀρηϊθόων αἰζηῶν, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ πάρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν ἐν γαίῃ ἵσταντο λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι. ὄφρα μὲν αἰγίδα χερσὶν ἔχʼ ἀτρέμα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός.

So spake he, and they readily hearkened and obeyed. They that were in the company of Aias and prince Idomeneus, and Teucer, and Meriones, and Meges, the peer of Ares, called to the chieftains, and marshalled the fight, fronting Hector and the Trojans, but behind them the multitude fared back to the ships of the Achaeans. Then the Trojans drave forward in close throng, and Hector led them, advancing with long strides, while before him went Phoebus Apollo, his shoulders wrapped in cloud, bearing the fell aegis, girt with shaggy fringe, awful, gleaming bright, that the smith Hephaestus gave to Zeus to bear for the putting to rout of warriors; this Apollo bare in his hands as he led on the host. And the Argives in close throng abode their coming, and the war-cry rose shrill from either side, and the arrows leapt from the bow-string, and many spears, hurled by bold hands, were some of them lodged in the flesh of youths swift in battle, and many of them, or ever they reached the white flesh, stood fixed midway in the earth, fain to glut themselves with flesh.

320αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατʼ ἐνῶπα ἰδὼν Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων σεῖσʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἄϋσε μάλα μέγα, τοῖσι δὲ θυμὸν ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθελξε, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς. οἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ ἠὲ βοῶν ἀγέλην ἢ πῶϋ μέγʼ οἰῶν θῆρε δύω κλονέωσι μελαίνης νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ 325ἐλθόντʼ ἐξαπίνης σημάντορος οὐ παρεόντος, ὣς ἐφόβηθεν Ἀχαιοὶ ἀνάλκιδες· ἐν γὰρ Ἀπόλλων ἧκε φόβον, Τρωσὶν δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὄπαζεν. ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης. Ἕκτωρ μὲν Στιχίον τε καὶ Ἀρκεσίλαον ἔπεφνε, 330τὸν μὲν Βοιωτῶν ἡγήτορα χαλκοχιτώνων, τὸν δὲ Μενεσθῆος μεγαθύμου πιστὸν ἑταῖρον· Αἰνείας δὲ Μέδοντα καὶ Ἴασον ἐξενάριξεν. ἤτοι ὃ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος θείοιο ἔσκε Μέδων Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός· αὐτὰρ ἔναιεν 335ἐν Φυλάκῃ γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος ἄνδρα κατακτὰς γνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος, ἣν ἔχʼ Ὀϊλεύς· Ἴασος αὖτʼ ἀρχὸς μὲν Ἀθηναίων ἐτέτυκτο, υἱὸς δὲ Σφήλοιο καλέσκετο Βουκολίδαο.

Now so long as Phoebus Apollo held the aegis moveless in his hands, even so long the missiles of either side reached their mark and the folk kept falling; but when he looked full in the faces of the Danaans of swift horses, and shook the aegis, and himself shouted mightily withal, then made he their hearts to faint within their breasts, and they forgat their furious might. And as when two wild beasts drive in confusion a herd of kine or a great flock of sheep in the darkness of black night, when they have come upon them suddenly, and a herdsman is not by, even so were the Achaeans driven in rout with no might in them; for upon them Apollo had sent panic, and unto the Trojans and Hector was he giving glory. Then man slew man as the fight was scattered. Hector laid low Stichius and Arcesilaus, the one a leader of the brazen-coated Boeotians, and the other a trusty comrade of great-souled Menestheus; and Aeneas slew Medon and Iasus. The one verily, Medon, was a bastard son of godlike Oïleus, and brother of Aias, but he dwelt in Phylace far from his native land, for that he had slain a man of the kin of his stepmother, Eriopis that Oïleus had to wife; and Iasus was a captain of the Athenians, and was called the son of Sphelus, son of Bucolus.

339Μηκιστῆ δʼ ἕλε Πουλυδάμας, Ἐχίον δὲ Πολίτης 340πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, Κλονίον δʼ ἕλε δῖος Ἀγήνωρ. Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν. ὄφρʼ οἳ τοὺς ἐνάριζον ἀπʼ ἔντεα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ τάφρῳ καὶ σκολόπεσσιν ἐνιπλήξαντες ὀρυκτῇ 345ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα φέβοντο, δύοντο δὲ τεῖχος ἀνάγκῃ. Ἕκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας νηυσὶν ἐπισσεύεσθαι, ἐᾶν δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα· ὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἑτέρωθι νοήσω, αὐτοῦ οἱ θάνατον μητίσομαι, οὐδέ νυ τόν γε 350γνωτοί τε γνωταί τε πυρὸς λελάχωσι θανόντα, ἀλλὰ κύνες ἐρύουσι πρὸ ἄστεος ἡμετέροιο. ὣς εἰπὼν μάστιγι κατωμαδὸν ἤλασεν ἵππους κεκλόμενος Τρώεσσι κατὰ στίχας· οἳ δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ πάντες ὁμοκλήσαντες ἔχον ἐρυσάρματας ἵππους 355ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ· προπάροιθε δὲ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων ῥεῖʼ ὄχθας καπέτοιο βαθείης ποσσὶν ἐρείπων ἐς μέσσον κατέβαλλε, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδʼ εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεται, ὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ σθένεος πειρώμενος ᾗσι.

And Mecisteus did Polydamas slay, and Polites slew Echius in the forefront of the fight, and Clonius was slain of goodly Agenor. And Deïochus did Paris smite from behind, as he fled amid the foremost fighters, upon the base of the shoulder, and drave the bronze clean through. While they were stripping the armour from these, meanwhile the Achaeans were flinging themselves into the digged trench and against the palisade, fleeing this way and that, and were getting them within their wall perforce. And Hector shouted aloud, and called to the Trojans: Speed ye against the ships, and let be the blood-stained spoils. Whomsoever I shall mark holding aloof from the ships on the further side, on the very spot shall I devise his death, nor shall his kinsmen and kinswomen give him his due meed of fire in death, but the dogs shall rend him in front of our city. So saying, with a downward sweep of his arm he smote his horses with the lash, and called aloud to the Trojans along the ranks; and they all raised a shout, and even with him drave the steeds that drew their chariots, with a wondrous din; and before them Phoebus Apollo lightly dashed down with his feet the banks of the deep trench, and cast them into the midst thereof, bridging for the men a pathway long and broad, even as far as a spear-cast, when a man hurleth, making trial of his strength.

360τῇ ῥʼ οἵ γε προχέοντο φαλαγγηδόν, πρὸ δʼ Ἀπόλλων αἰγίδʼ ἔχων ἐρίτιμον· ἔρειπε δὲ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις ψάμαθον πάϊς ἄγχι θαλάσσης, ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ποιήσῃ ἀθύρματα νηπιέῃσιν ἂψ αὖτις συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν ἀθύρων. 365ὥς ῥα σὺ ἤϊε Φοῖβε πολὺν κάματον καὶ ὀϊζὺν σύγχεας Ἀργείων, αὐτοῖσι δὲ φύζαν ἐνῶρσας. ὣς οἳ μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες, ἀλλήλοισί τε κεκλόμενοι καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι χεῖρας ἀνίσχοντες μεγάλʼ εὐχετόωντο ἕκαστος· 370Νέστωρ αὖτε μάλιστα Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχετο χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα· Ζεῦ πάτερ εἴ ποτέ τίς τοι ἐν Ἄργεΐ περ πολυπύρῳ ἢ βοὸς ἢ οἰὸς κατὰ πίονα μηρία καίων εὔχετο νοστῆσαι, σὺ δʼ ὑπέσχεο καὶ κατένευσας, 375τῶν μνῆσαι καὶ ἄμυνον Ὀλύμπιε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ, μηδʼ οὕτω Τρώεσσιν ἔα δάμνασθαι Ἀχαιούς. ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, μέγα δʼ ἔκτυπε μητίετα Ζεύς, ἀράων ἀΐων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος. Τρῶες δʼ ὡς ἐπύθοντο Διὸς κτύπον αἰγιόχοιο, 380μᾶλλον ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης. οἳ δʼ ὥς τε μέγα κῦμα θαλάσσης εὐρυπόροιο νηὸς ὑπὲρ τοίχων καταβήσεται, ὁππότʼ ἐπείγῃ ἲς ἀνέμου· ἣ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε κύματʼ ὀφέλλει· ὣς Τρῶες μεγάλῃ ἰαχῇ κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβαινον, 385ἵππους δʼ εἰσελάσαντες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχοντο ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοις αὐτοσχεδόν, οἳ μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων, οἳ δʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν ὕψι μελαινάων ἐπιβάντες μακροῖσι ξυστοῖσι, τά ῥά σφʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἔκειτο ναύμαχα κολλήεντα, κατὰ στόμα εἱμένα χαλκῷ.

Therethrough they poured forward rank on rank, and before them went Apollo, bearing the priceless aegis. And full easily did he cast down the wall of the Achaeans, even as when a boy scattereth the sand by the sea, one that makes of it a plaything in his childishness, and then again confounds it with hands and feet as he maketh sport: so lightly didst thou, O archer Phoebus, confound the long toil and labour of the Achaeans, and on themselves send rout. So then beside their ships the Danaans halted, and were stayed, calling one upon the other, and lifting up their hands to all the gods they made fervent prayer, each man of them; and most of all prayed Nestor of Gerenia, the warder of the Achaeans, stretching forth his two hands to the starry heaven: O father Zeus, if ever any man of us in wheat-bearing Argos burned to thee fat thigh-pieces of bull or of ram with the prayer that he might return, and thou didst promise and nod thy head thereto, be thou now mindful of these things, and ward from us, O Olympian god, the pitiless day of doom, nor suffer the Achaeans thus to be vanquished by the Trojans. So he spake in prayer, and Zeus the counsellor thundered aloud, hearing the prayer of the aged son of Neleus. But the Trojans, when they heard the thunder of Zeus that beareth the aegis, leapt yet the more upon the Argives and bethought them of battle. And as when a great billow of the broad-wayed sea sweepeth down over the bulwarks of a ship, whenso it is driven on by the might of the wind, which above all maketh the waves to swell; even so did the Trojans with a great cry rush down over the wall, — they in their cars, but the Achaeans high up on the decks of their black ships to which they had climbed, fought therefrom with long pikes that lay at hand for them upon the ships for sea-fighting,— jointed pikes, shod at the tip with bronze.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 15, lines 281–389: The Trojan counterattack