Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 13.673–787: Polydamas' counsel; Hector regroups

Hector, fighting on the left, does not know that the Achaeans are winning elsewhere. Polydamas advises him to call the chiefs together and decide whether to press on or retire, and Hector agrees but finds many of the leaders wounded or dead. He rebukes Paris sharply, and Paris answers that he will come with him.

Lines 13.673–787 · 1289 words · click a number to copy its link
673ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο· Ἕκτωρ δʼ οὐκ ἐπέπυστο Διῒ φίλος, οὐδέ τι ᾔδη 675ὅττί ῥά οἱ νηῶν ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ δηϊόωντο λαοὶ ὑπʼ Ἀργείων. τάχα δʼ ἂν καὶ κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν ἔπλετο· τοῖος γὰρ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος ὄτρυνʼ Ἀργείους, πρὸς δὲ σθένει αὐτὸς ἄμυνεν· ἀλλʼ ἔχεν ᾗ τὰ πρῶτα πύλας καὶ τεῖχος ἐσᾶλτο 680ῥηξάμενος Δαναῶν πυκινὰς στίχας ἀσπιστάων, ἔνθʼ ἔσαν Αἴαντός τε νέες καὶ Πρωτεσιλάου θῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς εἰρυμέναι· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε τεῖχος ἐδέδμητο χθαμαλώτατον, ἔνθα μάλιστα ζαχρηεῖς γίγνοντο μάχῃ αὐτοί τε καὶ ἵπποι. 685ἔνθα δὲ Βοιωτοὶ καὶ Ἰάονες ἑλκεχίτωνες Λοκροὶ καὶ Φθῖοι καὶ φαιδιμόεντες Ἐπειοὶ σπουδῇ ἐπαΐσσοντα νεῶν ἔχον, οὐδὲ δύναντο ὦσαι ἀπὸ σφείων φλογὶ εἴκελον Ἕκτορα δῖον οἳ μὲν Ἀθηναίων προλελεγμένοι· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν 690ἦρχʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς, οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο Φείδας τε Στιχίος τε Βίας τʼ ἐΰς· αὐτὰρ Ἐπειῶν Φυλεΐδης τε Μέγης Ἀμφίων τε Δρακίος τε, πρὸ Φθίων δὲ Μέδων τε μενεπτόλεμός τε Ποδάρκης.

So fought they like unto blazing fire; but Hector, dear to Zeus, had not heard, nor wist at all that on the left of the ships his hosts were being slain by the Argives; and soon would the Achaeans have gotten them glory, of such might was the Enfolder and Shaker of Earth that urged on the Argives and withal aided them by his own strength. Nay, Hector pressed on where at the first he had leapt within the gate and the wall, and had burst the close ranks of the Danaan shield-men, even in the place where were the ships of Aias and Protesilaus, drawn up along the beach of the grey sea, and beyond them the wall was builded lowest; there, as in no place beside, the men and their horses waxed furious in fight. There the Boeotians and the Ionians, of trailing tunics, and the Locrians, and Phthians, and glorious Epeians, had much ado to stay his onset upon the ships, and availed not to thrust back from themselves goodly Hector, that was like a flame of fire,—even they that were picked men of the Athenians; and among them Menestheus, son of Peteos, was leader, and there followed with him Pheidas and Stichius and valiant Bias, while the Epeians were led by Meges, son of Phyleus, and Araphion and Dracius, and in the forefront of the Phthians were Medon and Podarces, staunch in fight.

694ἤτοι ὃ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος θείοιο 695ἔσκε Μέδων Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός· αὐτὰρ ἔναιεν ἐν Φυλάκῃ γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος ἄνδρα κατακτὰς γνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος, ἣν ἔχʼ Ὀϊλεύς· αὐτὰρ ὃ Ἰφίκλοιο πάϊς τοῦ Φυλακίδαο. οἳ μὲν πρὸ Φθίων μεγαθύμων θωρηχθέντες 700ναῦφιν ἀμυνόμενοι μετὰ Βοιωτῶν ἐμάχοντο· Αἴας δʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱὸς ἵστατʼ ἀπʼ Αἴαντος Τελαμωνίου οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν, ἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ἐν νειῷ βόε οἴνοπε πηκτὸν ἄροτρον ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχοντε τιταίνετον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι 705πρυμνοῖσιν κεράεσσι πολὺς ἀνακηκίει ἱδρώς· τὼ μέν τε ζυγὸν οἶον ἐΰξοον ἀμφὶς ἐέργει ἱεμένω κατὰ ὦλκα· τέμει δέ τε τέλσον ἀρούρης· ὣς τὼ παρβεβαῶτε μάλʼ ἕστασαν ἀλλήλοιιν. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι Τελαμωνιάδῃ πολλοί τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ 710λαοὶ ἕπονθʼ ἕταροι, οἵ οἱ σάκος ἐξεδέχοντο ὁππότε μιν κάματός τε καὶ ἱδρὼς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο.

The one, verily, even Medon, was a bastard son of godlike Oïleus and brother of Aias, but he dwelt in Phylace, far from his native land, for that he had slain a man of the kin of his stepmother Eriopis, that Oïleus had to wife; and the other, Podarces, was the son of Iphiclus, son of Phylacus. These, harnessed in their armour, in the forefront of the great-souled Phthians, were fighting in defence of the ships together with the Boeotians. And Aias, the swift son of Oïleus, would no more in any wise depart from the side of Aias, son of Telamon, no not for an instant; but even as in fallow land two wine-dark oxen with one accord strain at the jointed plough, and about the roots of their horns oozeth up the sweat in streams—the twain the polished yoke alone holdeth apart as they labour through the furrow, till the plough cutteth to the limit or the field; even in such wise did the two Aiantes take their stand and abide each hard by the other's side. After the son of Telamon verily there followed many valiant hosts of his comrades, who would ever take from him his shield, whenso weariness and sweat came upon his limbs.

712οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀϊλιάδῃ μεγαλήτορι Λοκροὶ ἕποντο· οὐ γάρ σφι σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ μίμνε φίλον κῆρ· οὐ γὰρ ἔχον κόρυθας χαλκήρεας ἱπποδασείας, 715οὐδʼ ἔχον ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα, ἀλλʼ ἄρα τόξοισιν καὶ ἐϋστρεφεῖ οἶος ἀώτῳ Ἴλιον εἰς ἅμʼ ἕποντο πεποιθότες, οἷσιν ἔπειτα ταρφέα βάλλοντες Τρώων ῥήγνυντο φάλαγγας· δή ῥα τόθʼ οἳ μὲν πρόσθε σὺν ἔντεσι δαιδαλέοισι 720μάρναντο Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ, οἳ δʼ ὄπιθεν βάλλοντες ἐλάνθανον· οὐδέ τι χάρμης Τρῶες μιμνήσκοντο· συνεκλόνεον γὰρ ὀϊστοί. ἔνθά κε λευγαλέως νηῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Τρῶες ἐχώρησαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν, 725εἰ μὴ Πουλυδάμας θρασὺν Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστάς· Ἕκτορ ἀμήχανός ἐσσι παραρρητοῖσι πιθέσθαι. οὕνεκά τοι περὶ δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα τοὔνεκα καὶ βουλῇ ἐθέλεις περιίδμεναι ἄλλων· ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἅμα πάντα δυνήσεαι αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι.

But the Locrians followed not with the great-hearted son of Oïleus, for their hearts abode not steadfast in close fight, seeing they had no brazen helms with thick plumes of horse-hair, neither round shields, nor spears of ash, but trusting in bows and well-twisted slings of sheep's wool had they followed with him to Ilios; with these thereafter they shot thick and fast, and sought to break the battalions of the Trojans. So the one part in front with their war-gear, richly dight, fought with the Trojans and with Hector in his harness of bronze, and the others behind kept shooting from their cover; and the Trojans bethought them no more of fight, for the arrows confounded them. Then in sorry wise would the Trojans have given ground from the ships and huts unto windy Ilios, had not Polydamas drawn nigh to bold Hector, and said: Hector, hard to deal with art thou, that thou shouldest hearken to words of persuasion. Forasmuch as god has given to thee as to none other works of war, therefore in counsel too art thou minded to have wisdom beyond all; but in no wise shalt thou be able of thine own self to compass all things.

730ἄλλῳ μὲν γὰρ ἔδωκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα, ἄλλῳ δʼ ὀρχηστύν, ἑτέρῳ κίθαριν καὶ ἀοιδήν, ἄλλῳ δʼ ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἐσθλόν, τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντʼ ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε, μάλιστα δὲ καὐτὸς ἀνέγνω. 735αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα· πάντῃ γάρ σε περὶ στέφανος πολέμοιο δέδηε· Τρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ἐπεὶ κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβησαν οἳ μὲν ἀφεστᾶσιν σὺν τεύχεσιν, οἳ δὲ μάχονται παυρότεροι πλεόνεσσι κεδασθέντες κατὰ νῆας. 740ἀλλʼ ἀναχασσάμενος κάλει ἐνθάδε πάντας ἀρίστους· ἔνθεν δʼ ἂν μάλα πᾶσαν ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα βουλὴν ἤ κεν ἐνὶ νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι πέσωμεν αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι θεὸς δόμεναι κράτος, ἦ κεν ἔπειτα πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν ἀπήμονες. ἦ γὰρ ἔγωγε 745δείδω μὴ τὸ χθιζὸν ἀποστήσωνται Ἀχαιοὶ χρεῖος, ἐπεὶ παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀνὴρ ἆτος πολέμοιο μίμνει, ὃν οὐκέτι πάγχυ μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω.

To one man hath God given works of war, to another the dance, to another the lyre and song, and in the breast of another Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, putteth a mind of understanding, wherefrom many men get profit, and many he saveth; but he knoweth it best himself. So will I speak what seemeth to me to be best. Behold all about thee blazeth a circle of war, and the great-souled Trojans, now that they have passed over the wall, are some of them standing aloof with their arms, and others are fighting, fewer men against more, scattered among the ships. Nay, fall thou back, and call hither all the bravest. Then shall we consider all manner of counsel, whether we shall fall upon the many-benched ships, if so be the god willeth to give us victory, or thereafter shall return unscathed back from the ships. Verily, for myself, I fear lest the Achaeans shall pay back the debt of yesterday, seeing there abideth by the ships a man insatiate of war, who no longer, methinks, will hold him utterly aloof from battle.

748ὣς φάτο Πουλυδάμας, ἅδε δʼ Ἕκτορι μῦθος ἀπήμων, αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε 750καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν αὐτοῦ ἐρύκακε πάντας ἀρίστους, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κεῖσʼ εἶμι καὶ ἀντιόω πολέμοιο· αἶψα δʼ ἐλεύσομαι αὖτις ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω. ἦ ῥα, καὶ ὁρμήθη ὄρεϊ νιφόεντι ἐοικὼς 755κεκλήγων, διὰ δὲ Τρώων πέτετʼ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων. οἳ δʼ ἐς Πανθοΐδην ἀγαπήνορα Πουλυδάμαντα πάντες ἐπεσσεύοντʼ, ἐπεὶ Ἕκτορος ἔκλυον αὐδήν. αὐτὰρ ὃ Δηΐφοβόν τε βίην θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος Ἀσιάδην τʼ Ἀδάμαντα καὶ Ἄσιον Ὑρτάκου υἱὸν 760φοίτα ἀνὰ προμάχους διζήμενος, εἴ που ἐφεύροι. τοὺς δʼ εὗρʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἀπήμονας οὐδʼ ἀνολέθρους· ἀλλʼ οἳ μὲν δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσιν Ἀχαιῶν χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων κέατο ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες, οἳ δʼ ἐν τείχει ἔσαν βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.

So spake Polydamas, and his prudent counsel was well pleasing unto Hector, and forthwith he leapt in his armour from his chariot to the ground; and he spake and addressed him with winged words: Polydamas, do thou hold back here all the bravest, but I will go thither and confront the war, and quickly will I come again, when to the full I have laid on them my charge. So spake he, and set forth, in semblance like a snowy mountain, and with loud shouting sped he through the Trojans and allies. And they hasted one and all toward the kindly Polydamas, son of Panthous when they heard the voice of Hector. But he ranged through the foremost fighters, in quest of Deïphobus, and the valiant prince Helenus, and Adamas, son of Asius, and Asius, son of Hyrtacus, if haply he might find them. But he found them no more in any wise unscathed or free from bane, but some were lying at the sterns of the ships of the Achaeans, slain by the hands of the Argives, and some were within the wall, smitten by darts or wounded with spear-thrusts.

765τὸν δὲ τάχʼ εὗρε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ δακρυοέσσης δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον Ἑλένης πόσιν ἠϋκόμοιο θαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι, ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσι· Δύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ 770ποῦ τοι Δηΐφοβός τε βίη θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος Ἀσιάδης τʼ Ἀδάμας ἠδʼ Ἄσιος Ὑρτάκου υἱός; ποῦ δέ τοι Ὀθρυονεύς; νῦν ὤλετο πᾶσα κατʼ ἄκρης Ἴλιος αἰπεινή· νῦν τοι σῶς αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής· 775Ἕκτορ ἐπεί τοι θυμὸς ἀναίτιον αἰτιάασθαι, ἄλλοτε δή ποτε μᾶλλον ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο μέλλω, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ πάμπαν ἀνάλκιδα γείνατο μήτηρ· ἐξ οὗ γὰρ παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχην ἤγειρας ἑταίρων, ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντες ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσι 780νωλεμέως· ἕταροι δὲ κατέκταθεν οὓς σὺ μεταλλᾷς. οἴω Δηΐφοβός τε βίη θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος οἴχεσθον, μακρῇσι τετυμμένω ἐγχείῃσιν ἀμφοτέρω κατὰ χεῖρα· φόνον δʼ ἤμυνε Κρονίων. νῦν δʼ ἄρχʼ ὅππῃ σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει· 785ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐμμεμαῶτες ἅμʼ ἑψόμεθʼ, οὐδέ τί φημι ἀλκῆς δευήσεσθαι, ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστι. πὰρ δύναμιν δʼ οὐκ ἔστι καὶ ἐσσύμενον πολεμίζειν.

But one he presently found on the left of the tearful battle, even goodly Alexander, the lord of fair-tressed Helen, heartening his comrades and urging them on to fight; and he drew near and spake to him with words of shame: Evil Paris, most fair to look upon, thou that art mad after women, thou beguiler, where, I pray thee, is Deïphobus, and the valiant prince Helenus, and Adamas, son of Asius, and Asius, son of Hyrtacus? Aye, and where, tell me, is Othryoneus? Now is steep Ilios wholly plunged into ruin; now, thou mayest see, is utter destruction sure. Then spake unto him again godlike Alexander: Hector, seeing it is thy mind to blame one in whom is no blame, at some other time have I haply withdrawn me from war rather than now, for my mother bare not even me wholly a weakling. For from the time thou didst rouse the battle of thy comrades beside the ships, even from that time we abide here and have dalliance with the Danaans ceaselessly; but our comrades are dead of whom thou makest question. Only Deïphobus and the valiant prince Helenus have departed, both of them smitten in the arm with long spears; yet the son of Cronos warded off death. But now lead thou on whithersoever thy heart and spirit bid thee, and as for us, we will follow with thee eagerly, nor, methinks, shall we be anywise wanting in valour, so far as we have strength; but beyond his strength may no man fight, how eager soever he be.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.