Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 12.1–107: The Achaean wall; Polydamas' advice

While Patroclus tends Eurypylus, the Achaeans fight on beside the wall and ditch, which, the poet says, was built without sacrifices and will be washed away by Poseidon and Apollo after Troy has fallen. Hector is stopped by the wide ditch, and Polydamas advises leaving the horses and fighting on foot. Hector approves, and the Trojans advance in five companies.

Lines 12.1–107 · 1186 words · click a number to copy its link
1ὣς ὃ μὲν ἐν κλισίῃσι Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς ἰᾶτʼ Εὐρύπυλον βεβλημένον· οἳ δὲ μάχοντο Ἀργεῖοι καὶ Τρῶες ὁμιλαδόν· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε τάφρος ἔτι σχήσειν Δαναῶν καὶ τεῖχος ὕπερθεν 5εὐρύ, τὸ ποιήσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ, ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν· οὐδὲ θεοῖσι δόσαν κλειτὰς ἑκατόμβας· ὄφρά σφιν νῆάς τε θοὰς καὶ ληΐδα πολλὴν ἐντὸς ἔχον ῥύοιτο· θεῶν δʼ ἀέκητι τέτυκτο ἀθανάτων· τὸ καὶ οὔ τι πολὺν χρόνον ἔμπεδον ἦεν. 10ὄφρα μὲν Ἕκτωρ ζωὸς ἔην καὶ μήνιʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς καὶ Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος ἀπόρθητος πόλις ἔπλεν, τόφρα δὲ καὶ μέγα τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν ἔμπεδον ἦεν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μὲν Τρώων θάνον ὅσσοι ἄριστοι, πολλοὶ δʼ Ἀργείων οἳ μὲν δάμεν, οἳ δὲ λίποντο, 15πέρθετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις δεκάτῳ ἐνιαυτῷ, Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἐν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἔβησαν, δὴ τότε μητιόωντο Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀπόλλων τεῖχος ἀμαλδῦναι ποταμῶν μένος εἰσαγαγόντες.

So then amid the huts the valiant son of Menoetius was tending the wounded Eurypylus, but the others, Argives and Trojans, fought on in throngs, nor were the ditch of the Danaans and their wide wall above long to protect them, the wall that they had builded as a defence for their ships and had drawn a trench about it—yet they gave not glorious hecatombs to the gods—that it might hold within its bounds their swift ships and abundant spoil, and keep all safe. Howbeit against the will of the immortal gods was it builded; wherefore for no long time did it abide unbroken. As long as Hector yet lived, and Achilles yet cherished his wrath, and the city of king Priam was unsacked, even so long the great wall of the Achaeans likewise abode unbroken.

19ὅσσοι ἀπʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἅλα δὲ προρέουσι, 20Ῥῆσός θʼ Ἑπτάπορός τε Κάρησός τε Ῥοδίος τε Γρήνικός τε καὶ Αἴσηπος δῖός τε Σκάμανδρος καὶ Σιμόεις, ὅθι πολλὰ βοάγρια καὶ τρυφάλειαι κάππεσον ἐν κονίῃσι καὶ ἡμιθέων γένος ἀνδρῶν· τῶν πάντων ὁμόσε στόματʼ ἔτραπε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, 25ἐννῆμαρ δʼ ἐς τεῖχος ἵει ῥόον· ὗε δʼ ἄρα Ζεὺς συνεχές, ὄφρά κε θᾶσσον ἁλίπλοα τείχεα θείη. αὐτὸς δʼ ἐννοσίγαιος ἔχων χείρεσσι τρίαιναν ἡγεῖτʼ, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πάντα θεμείλια κύμασι πέμπε φιτρῶν καὶ λάων, τὰ θέσαν μογέοντες Ἀχαιοί, 30λεῖα δʼ ἐποίησεν παρʼ ἀγάρροον Ἑλλήσποντον, αὖτις δʼ ἠϊόνα μεγάλην ψαμάθοισι κάλυψε τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνας· ποταμοὺς δʼ ἔτρεψε νέεσθαι κὰρ ῥόον, ᾗ περ πρόσθεν ἵεν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ.

But when all the bravest of the Trojans had died and many of the Argives—some were slain and some were left— and the city of Priam was sacked in the tenth year, and the Argives had gone back in their ships to their dear native land, then verily did Poseidon and Apollo take counsel to sweep away the wall, bringing against it the might of all the rivers that flow forth from the mountains of Ida to the sea— Rhesus and Heptaporus and Caresus and Rhodius, and Granicus and Aesepus, and goodly Scamander, and Simois, by the banks whereof many shields of bull's-hide and many helms fell in the dust, and the race of men half-divine—of all these did Phoebus Apollo turn the mouths together, and for nine days' space he drave their flood against the wall; and Zeus rained ever continually, that the sooner he might whelm the wall in the salt sea. And the Shaker of Earth, bearing his trident in his hands, was himself the leader, and swept forth upon the waves all the foundations of beams and stones, that the Achaeans had laid with toil, and made all smooth along the strong stream of the Hellespont, and again covered the great beach with sand, when he had swept away the wall; and the rivers he turned back to flow in the channel, where aforetime they had been wont to pour their fair streams of water.

34ὣς ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ὄπισθε Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀπόλλων 35θησέμεναι· τότε δʼ ἀμφὶ μάχη ἐνοπή τε δεδήει τεῖχος ἐΰδμητον, κανάχιζε δὲ δούρατα πύργων βαλλόμενʼ· Ἀργεῖοι δὲ Διὸς μάστιγι δαμέντες νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐελμένοι ἰσχανόωντο Ἕκτορα δειδιότες, κρατερὸν μήστωρα φόβοιο· 40αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν ἐμάρνατο ἶσος ἀέλλῃ· ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἔν τε κύνεσσι καὶ ἀνδράσι θηρευτῇσι κάπριος ἠὲ λέων στρέφεται σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων· οἳ δέ τε πυργηδὸν σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες ἀντίον ἵστανται καὶ ἀκοντίζουσι θαμειὰς 45αἰχμὰς ἐκ χειρῶν· τοῦ δʼ οὔ ποτε κυδάλιμον κῆρ ταρβεῖ οὐδὲ φοβεῖται, ἀγηνορίη δέ μιν ἔκτα· ταρφέα τε στρέφεται στίχας ἀνδρῶν πειρητίζων· ὅππῃ τʼ ἰθύσῃ τῇ εἴκουσι στίχες ἀνδρῶν· ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἰὼν ἐλλίσσεθʼ ἑταίρους 50τάφρον ἐποτρύνων διαβαινέμεν· οὐδέ οἱ ἵπποι τόλμων ὠκύποδες, μάλα δὲ χρεμέτιζον ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ χείλει ἐφεσταότες· ἀπὸ γὰρ δειδίσσετο τάφρος εὐρεῖʼ, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερθορέειν σχεδὸν οὔτε περῆσαι ῥηϊδίη· κρημνοὶ γὰρ ἐπηρεφέες περὶ πᾶσαν 55ἕστασαν ἀμφοτέρωθεν, ὕπερθεν δὲ σκολόπεσσιν ὀξέσιν ἠρήρει, τοὺς ἵστασαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν πυκνοὺς καὶ μεγάλους δηΐων ἀνδρῶν ἀλεωρήν.

Thus were Poseidon and Apollo to do in the aftertime; but then war and the din of war blazed about the well-builded wall, and the beams of the towers rang, as they were smitten; and the Argives, conquered by the scourge of Zeus, were penned by their hollow ships, and held in check in terror of Hector, the mighty deviser of rout, while he as aforetime fought like unto a whirlwind. And as when, among hounds and huntsmen, a wild boar or a lion wheeleth about, exulting in his strength, and these array them in ranks in fashion like a wall, and stand against him, and hurl from their hands javelins thick and fast; yet his valiant heart feareth not nor anywise quaileth, though his valour is his bane; and often he wheeleth him about and maketh trial of the ranks of men, and wheresoever he chargeth, there the ranks of men give way: even on this wise Hector went ever through the throng and besought his comrades, urging them to cross the trench. Howbeit his swift-footed horses dared not, but loudly they neighed, standing on the sheer brink, for the trench affrighted them, so wide was it, easy neither to o'erleap at a bound nor to drive across; for over-hanging banks stood all about its circuit on this side and on that, and at the top it was set with sharp stakes that the sons of the Achaeans had planted, close together and great, a defence against foemen.

58ἔνθʼ οὔ κεν ῥέα ἵππος ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα τιταίνων ἐσβαίη, πεζοὶ δὲ μενοίνεον εἰ τελέουσι. 60δὴ τότε Πουλυδάμας θρασὺν Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστάς· Ἕκτορ τʼ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι Τρώων ἀγοὶ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων ἀφραδέως διὰ τάφρον ἐλαύνομεν ὠκέας ἵππους· ἣ δὲ μάλʼ ἀργαλέη περάαν· σκόλοπες γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ ὀξέες ἑστᾶσιν, ποτὶ δʼ αὐτοὺς τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν, 65ἔνθʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν καταβήμεναι οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι ἱππεῦσι· στεῖνος γάρ, ὅθι τρώσεσθαι ὀΐω. εἰ μὲν γὰρ τοὺς πάγχυ κακὰ φρονέων ἀλαπάζει Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, Τρώεσσι δὲ ἵετʼ ἀρήγειν, ἦ τʼ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι καὶ αὐτίκα τοῦτο γενέσθαι, 70νωνύμνους ἀπολέσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιούς· εἰ δέ χʼ ὑποστρέψωσι, παλίωξις δὲ γένηται ἐκ νηῶν καὶ τάφρῳ ἐνιπλήξωμεν ὀρυκτῇ, οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ ὀΐω οὐδʼ ἄγγελον ἀπονέεσθαι ἄψορρον προτὶ ἄστυ ἑλιχθέντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν. 75ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες· ἵππους μὲν θεράποντες ἐρυκόντων ἐπὶ τάφρῳ, αὐτοὶ δὲ πρυλέες σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες Ἕκτορι πάντες ἑπώμεθʼ ἀολλέες· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ οὐ μενέουσʼ εἰ δή σφιν ὀλέθρου πείρατʼ ἐφῆπται.

Not lightly might a horse, tugging at the wheeled car, get within that circuit; but the footmen were eager, if thy might achieve it. Then verily Polydamas drew nigh to Hector, and spake, saying: Hector, and ye other leaders of the Trojans and allies, it is but folly that we seek to drive across the trench our swift horses; hard in sooth is it to cross, for sharp stakes are set in it, and close anigh them is the wall of the Achaeans. There is it no wise possible for charioteers to descend and fight; for the space is narrow, and then methinks shall we suffer hurt. For if Zeus, that thundereth on high, is utterly to crush our foes in his wrath, and is minded to give aid unto the Trojans, there verily were I too fain that this might forthwith come to pass, that the Achaeans should perish here far from Argos, and have no name; but if they turn upon us and we be driven back from the ships and become entangled in the digged ditch, then methinks shall not one man of us return back to the city from before the Achaeans when they rally, even to bear the tidings. But come, even as I shall bid, let us all obey. As for the horses, let the squires hold them back by the trench, but let us on foot, arrayed in our armour, follow all in one throng after Hector; and the Achaeans will not withstand us, if so be the bonds of destruction are made fast upon them.

80ὣς φάτο Πουλυδάμας, ἅδε δʼ Ἕκτορι μῦθος ἀπήμων, αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε. οὐδὲ μὲν ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἐφʼ ἵππων ἠγερέθοντο, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ πάντες ὄρουσαν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον Ἕκτορα δῖον. ἡνιόχῳ μὲν ἔπειτα ἑῷ ἐπέτελλεν ἕκαστος 85ἵππους εὖ κατὰ κόσμον ἐρυκέμεν αὖθʼ ἐπὶ τάφρῳ· οἳ δὲ διαστάντες σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες πένταχα κοσμηθέντες ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν ἕποντο. οἳ μὲν ἅμʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἴσαν καὶ ἀμύμονι Πουλυδάμαντι, οἳ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι ἔσαν, μέμασαν δὲ μάλιστα 90τεῖχος ῥηξάμενοι κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχεσθαι. καί σφιν Κεβριόνης τρίτος εἵπετο· πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄχεσφιν ἄλλον Κεβριόναο χερείονα κάλλιπεν Ἕκτωρ. τῶν δʼ ἑτέρων Πάρις ἦρχε καὶ Ἀλκάθοος καὶ Ἀγήνωρ, τῶν δὲ τρίτων Ἕλενος καὶ Δηΐφοβος θεοειδὴς 95υἷε δύω Πριάμοιο· τρίτος δʼ ἦν Ἄσιος ἥρως Ἄσιος Ὑρτακίδης, ὃν Ἀρίσβηθεν φέρον ἵπποι αἴθωνες μεγάλοι ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος. τῶν δὲ τετάρτων ἦρχεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο Αἰνείας, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω Ἀντήνορος υἷε 100Ἀρχέλοχός τʼ Ἀκάμας τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης. Σαρπηδὼν δʼ ἡγήσατʼ ἀγακλειτῶν ἐπικούρων, πρὸς δʼ ἕλετο Γλαῦκον καὶ ἀρήϊον Ἀστεροπαῖον· οἳ γάρ οἱ εἴσαντο διακριδὸν εἶναι ἄριστοι τῶν ἄλλων μετά γʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ἔπρεπε καὶ διὰ πάντων. 105οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἀλλήλους ἄραρον τυκτῇσι βόεσσι βάν ῥʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν λελιημένοι, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔφαντο σχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι.

So spake Polydamas, and his prudent counsel was well pleasing unto Hector, and forthwith he leapt in his armour from his chariot to the ground. Nor did the other Trojans remain gathered together upon their chariots, but they all leapt forth when they beheld goodly Hector afoot. Then on his own charioteer each man laid command to hold in his horses well and orderly there at the trench, but the men divided and arrayed themselves, and marshalled in five companies they followed after the leaders. Some went with Hector and peerless Polydamas, even they that were most in number and bravest, and that were most fain to break through the wall and fight by the hollow ships, and with them followed Cebriones as the third; for by his chariot had Hector left another man, weaker than Cebriones. The second company was led by Paris and Alcathous and Agenor, and the third by Helenus and godlike Deïphobus— sons twain of Priam; and a third was with them, the warrior Asius,—Asius son of Hyrtacus, whom his horses tawny and great had borne from Arisbe, from the river Selleïs. And of the fourth company the valiant son of Anchises was leader, even Aeneas, and with him were Antenor's two sons, Archelochus and Acamas, well skilled in all manner of fighting. And Sarpedon led the glorious allies, and he chose as his comrades Glaucus and warlike Asteropaeus, for these seemed to him to be the bravest beyond all others after his own self, but he was pre-eminent even amid all. These then when they had fenced one another with their well-wrought shields of bull's-hide, made straight for the Danaans, full eagerly, nor deemed they that they would any more be stayed, but would fall upon the black ships.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.