Homer · The Homeric Hymns Ὁμηρικοὶ ὕμνοι

Homer, The Homeric Hymns 4.340–444: Hymn 4 to Hermes (4): the quarrel before Zeus

Before Zeus, Apollo accuses Hermes of stealing his cows, and Hermes swears that he is innocent. Zeus laughs at the child's cleverness and orders the two to find the cattle together. Hermes leads Apollo to the herd, plays the lyre, and Apollo, astonished by the sound, asks where he learned such a gift.

Lines 4.340–444 · 1130 words · click a number to copy its link
340κλέψας δʼ ἐκ λειμῶνος ἐμὰς βοῦς ὤχετʼ ἐλαύνων ἑσπέριος παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης, εὐθὺ Πύλονδʼ ἐλάων· τὰ δʼ ἄρʼ ἴχνια δοῖα πέλωρα, οἷά τʼ ἀγάσσασθαι, καὶ ἀγαυοῦ δαίμονος ἔργα. τῇσιν μὲν γὰρ βουσὶν ἐς ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα 345ἀντία βήματʼ ἔχουσα κόνις ἀνέφαινε μέλαινα· αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκτὸς ὁδοῦ, τις ἀμήχανος, οὔτʼ ἄρα ποσσὶν οὔτʼ ἄρα χερσὶν ἔβαινε διὰ ψαμαθώδεα χῶρον· ἀλλʼ ἄλλην τινὰ μῆτιν ἔχων διέτριβε κέλευθα τοῖα πέλωρʼ ὡς εἴ τις ἀραιῇσι δρυσὶ βαίνοι. 350ὄφρα μὲν οὖν ἐδίωκε διὰ ψαμαθώδεα χῶρον, ῥεῖα μάλʼ ἴχνια πάντα διέπρεπεν ἐν κονίῃσιν· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ ψαμάθοιο μέγαν στίβον ἐξεπέρησεν, ἄφραστος γένετʼ ὦκα βοῶν στίβος ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοῦ χῶρον ἀνὰ κρατερόν· τὸν δʼ ἐφράσατο βροτὸς ἀνὴρ 355ἐς Πύλον εὐθὺς ἐλῶντα βοῶν γένος εὐρυμετώπων. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τὰς μὲν ἐν ἡσυχίῃ κατέερξε καὶ διαπυρπαλάμησεν ὁδοῦ τὸ μὲν ἔνθα, τὸ δʼ ἔνθα, ἐν λίκνῳ κατέκειτο μελαίνῃ νυκτὶ ἐοικώς, ἄντρῳ ἐν ἠερόεντι κατὰ ζόφον· οὐδέ κεν αὐτὸν 360αἰετὸς ὀξὺ λάων ἐσκέψατο· πολλὰ δὲ χερσὶν αὐγὰς ὠμόργαζε δολοφροσύνην ἀλεγύνων. αὐτὸς δʼ αὐτίκα μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀγόρευεν· οὐκ ἴδον, οὐ πυθόμην, οὐκ ἄλλου μῦθον ἄκουσα οὐδέ κε μηνύσαιμʼ, οὐδʼ ἂν μήνυτρον ἀροίμην. 365Ἠ τοι ἄρʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· Ερμῆς δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα, δείξατο δʼ ἐς Κρονίωνα, θεῶν σημάντορα πάντων· Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ τοι ἐγώ σοι ἀληθείην καταλέξω· νημερτής τε γάρ εἰμι καὶ οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι. 370ἦλθεν ἐς ἡμετέρου διζήμενος εἰλίποδας βοῦς σήμερον ἠελίοιο νέον ἐπιτελλομένοιο· οὐδὲ θεῶν μακάρων ἄγε μάρτυρας οὐδὲ κατόπτας, μηνύειν δʼ ἐκέλευεν ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ πολλῆς, πολλὰ δέ μʼ ἠπείλησε βαλεῖν ἐς Τάρταρον εὐρύν, 375οὕνεχʼ ὃ μὲν τέρεν ἄνθος ἔχει φιλοκυδέος ἥβης, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ χθιζὸς γενόμην, τὰ δέ τʼ οἶδε καὶ αὐτός, οὔτι βοῶν ἐλατῆρι, κραταιῷ φωτί, ἐοικώς. πείθεο· καὶ γὰρ ἐμεῖο πατὴρ φίλος εὔχεαι εἶναι, ὡς οὐκ οἴκαδʼ ἔλασσα βόας, ὣς ὄλβιος εἴην, 380οὐδʼ ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν ἔβην· τὸ δέ τʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύω. Ἠέλιον δὲ μάλʼ αἰδέομαι καὶ δαίμονας ἄλλους, καί σε φιλῶ καὶ τοῦτον ὀπίζομαι· οἶσθα καὶ αὐτός, ὡς οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι· μέγαν δʼ ἐπιδώσομαι ὅρκον· οὐ μὰ τάδʼ ἀθανάτων εὐκόσμητα προθύραια.

He stole away my cows from their meadow and drove them off in the evening along the shore of the loud-roaring sea, making straight for Pylos. There were double tracks, and wonderful they were, such as one might marvel at, the doing of a clever sprite; for as for the cows, the dark dust kept and showed their footprints leading towards the flowery meadow; but he himself —bewildering creature —crossed the sandy ground outside the path, not on his feet nor yet on his hands; but, furnished with some other means he trudged his way —wonder of wonders! —as though one walked on slender oak-trees. Now while he followed the cattle across sandy ground, all the tracks showed quite clearly in the dust; but when he had finished the long way across the sand, presently the cows' track and his own could not be traced over the hard ground. But a mortal man noticed him as he drove the wide-browed kine straight towards Pylos. And as soon as he had shut them up quietly, and had gone home by crafty turns and twists, he lay down in his cradle in the gloom of a dim cave, as still as dark night, so that not even an eagle keenly gazing would have spied him. Much he rubbed his eyes with his hands as he prepared falsehood, and himself straightway said roundly: ‘I have not seen them: I have not heard of them: no man has told me of them. I could not tell you of them, nor win the reward of telling.’” When he had so spoken, Phoebus Apollo sat down. But Hermes on his part answered and said, pointing at the Son of Cronos, the lord of all the gods: “Zeus, my father, indeed I will speak truth to you; for I am truthful and I cannot tell a lie. He came to our house to-day looking for his shambling cows, as the sun was newly rising. He brought no witnesses with him nor any of the blessed gods who had seen the theft, but with great violence ordered me to confess, threatening much to throw me into wide Tartarus. For he has the rich bloom of glorious youth, while I was born but yesterday —as he too knows —, nor am I like a cattle-lifter, a sturdy fellow. Believe my tale (for you claim to be my own father), that I did not drive his cows to my house —so may I prosper— nor crossed the threshold: this I say truly. I reverence Helios greatly and the other gods, and you I love and him I dread. You yourself know that I am not guilty: and I will swear a great oath upon it:—No! by these rich-decked porticoes of the gods.

385καί που ἐγὼ τούτῳ τίσω ποτὲ νηλέα φώρην, καὶ κρατερῷ περ ἐόντι· σὺ δʼ ὁπλοτέροισιν ἄρηγε. ὣς φάτʼ ἐπιλλίζων Κυλλήνιος Ἀργειφόντης· καὶ τὸ σπάργανον εἶχεν ἐπʼ ὠλένῃ οὐδʼ ἀπέβαλλε. Ζεὺς δὲ μέγʼ ἐξεγέλασσεν ἰδὼν κακομηδέα παῖδα 390εὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως ἀρνεύμενον ἀμφὶ βόεσσιν. ἀμφοτέρους δʼ ἐκέλευσεν ὁμόφρονα θυμὸν ἔχοντας ζητεύειν, Ἑρμῆν δὲ διάκτορον ἡγεμονεύειν καὶ δεῖξαι τὸν χῶρον ἐπʼ ἀβλαβίῃσι νόοιο, ὅππη δὴ αὖτʼ ἀπέκρυψε βοῶν ἴφθιμα κάρηνα. 395νεῦσεν δὲ Κρονίδης, ἐπεπείθετο δʼ ἀγλαὸς Ἑρμῆς· ῥηιδίως γὰρ ἔπειθε Διὸς νόος αἰγιόχοιο. τὼ δʼ ἄμφω σπεύδοντε Διὸς περικαλλέα τέκνα ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα ἐπʼ Ἀλφειοῦ πόρον ἷξον· ἀγροὺς δʼ ἐξίκοντο καὶ αὔλιον ὑψιμέλαθρον, 400ἡχοῦ δὴ τὰ χρήματʼ ἀτάλλετο νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ. ἔνθʼ Ἑρμῆς μὲν ἔπειτα κιὼν παρὰ λάινον ἄντρον ἐς φῶς ἐξήλαυνε βοῶν ἴφθιμα κάρηνα· Λητοΐδης δʼ ἀπάτερθεν ἰδὼν ἐνόησε βοείας πέτρῃ ἐπʼ ἠλιβάτῳ, τάχα δʼ εἴρετο κύδιμον Ἑρμῆν·

And some day I will punish him, strong as he is, for this pitiless inquisition; but now do you help the younger.” So spake the Cyllenian, the Slayer of Argus, while he kept shooting sidelong glances and kept his swaddling-clothes upon his arm, and did not cast them away. But Zeus laughed out loud to see his evil-plotting child well and cunningly denying guilt about the cattle. And he bade them both to be of one mind and search for the cattle, and guiding Hermes to lead the way and, without mischievousness of heart, to show the place where now he had hidden the strong cattle. Then the Son of Cronos bowed his head: and goodly Hermes obeyed him; for the will of Zeus who holds the aegis easily prevailed with him. Then the two all-glorious children of Zeus hastened both to sandy Pylos, and reached the ford of Alpheus, and came to the fields and the high-roofed byre where the beasts were cherished at night-time. Now while Hermes went to the cave in the rock and began to drive out the strong cattle, the son of Leto, looking aside, saw the cowhides on the sheer rock. And he asked glorious Hermes at once:

405πῶς ἐδύνω, δολομῆτα, δύω βόε δειροτομῆσαι, ὧδε νεογνὸς ἐὼν καὶ νήπιος; αὐτὸς ἐγώ γε θαυμαίνω κατόπισθε τὸ σὸν κράτος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ μακρὸν ἀέξεσθαι, Κυλλήνιε, Μαιάδος υἱέ. ὣς ἄρ ἔφη καὶ χερσὶ περίστρεφε καρτερὰ δεσμὰ [ἐνδῆσαι μεμαὼς Ἑρμῆν κρατεραῖσι λύγοισι. τὸν δʼ οὐκ ἴσχανε δεσμά, λύγοι δʼ ἀπὸ τηλόσε πῖπτον] 410ἄγνου· ταὶ δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ κατὰ χθονὸς αἶψα φύοντο αὐτόθεν, ἐμβολάδην ἐστραμμέναι ἀλλήλῃσι, ῥεῖά τε καὶ πάσῃσιν ἐπʼ ἀγραύλοισι βόεσσιν, Ἑρμέω βουλῇσι κλεψίφρονος· αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων θαύμασεν ἀθρήσας. τότε δὴ κρατὺς Ἀργειφόντης 415χῶρον ὑποβλήδην ἐσκέψατο, πῦρ ἀμαρύσσων, […] ἐγκρύψαι μεμαώς· Λητοῦς δʼ ἐρικυδέος υἱὸν ῥεῖα μάλʼ ἐπρήυνεν ἑκηβόλον, ὡς ἔθελʼ αὐτός, καὶ κρατερόν περ ἐόντα· λαβὼν δʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς πλήκτρῳ ἐπειρήτιζε κατὰ μέρος· ἣ δʼ ὑπὸ χειρὸς 420σμερδαλέον κονάβησε· γέλασσε δὲ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων γηθήσας, ἐρατὴ δὲ διὰ φρένας ἤλυθʼ ἰωὴ θεσπεσίης ἐνοπῆς καί μιν γλυκὺς ἵμερος ᾕρει θυμῷ ἀκουάζοντα· λύρῃ δʼ ἐρατὸν κιθαρίζων στῆ ῥʼ ὅ γε θαρσήσας ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ Μαιάδος υἱὸς 425Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος· τάχα δὲ λιγέως κιθαρίζων γηρύετʼ ἀμβολάδην — ἐρατὴ δέ οἱ ἕσπετο φωνή — κραίνων ἀθανάτους τε θεοὺς καὶ γαῖαν ἐρεμνήν, ὡς τὰ πρῶτα γένοντο καὶ ὡς λάχε μοῖραν ἕκαστος. Μνημοσύνην μὲν πρῶτα θεῶν ἐγέραιρεν ἀοιδῇ, 430μητέρα Μουσάων· ἣ γὰρ λάχε Μαιάδος υἱόν· τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρέσβιν τε καὶ ὡς γεγάασιν ἕκαστος ἀθανάτους ἐγέραιρε θεοὺς Διὸς ἀγλαὸς υἱός, πάντʼ ἐνέπων κατὰ κόσμον, ἐπωλένιον κιθαρίζων. τὸν δʼ ἔρος ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀμήχανος αἴνυτο θυμόν, 435καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· βουφόνε, μηχανιῶτα, πονεύμενε, δαιτὸς ἑταῖρε, πεντήκοντα βοῶν ἀντάξια ταῦτα μέμηλας. ἡσυχίως καὶ ἔπειτα διακρινέεσθαι ὀίω· νῦν δʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπέ, πολύτροπε Μαιάδος υἱέ, 440ἦ σοί γʼ ἐκ γενετῆς τάδʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο θαυματὰ ἔργα ἠέ τις ἀθανάτων ἠὲ θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων δῶρον ἀγαυὸν ἔδωκε καὶ ἔφρασε θέσπιν ἀοιδήν; θαυμασίην γὰρ τήνδε νεήφατον ὄσσαν ἀκούω, ἣν οὐ πώ ποτέ φημι δαήμεναι οὔτε τινʼ ἀνδρῶν

“How were you able, you crafty rogue, to flay two cows, new-born and babyish as you are? For my part, I dread the strength that will be yours: there is no need you should keep growing long, Cyllenian, son of Maia!” So saying, Apollo twisted strong withes with his hands meaning to bind Hermes with firm bands; but the bands would not hold him, and the withes of osier fell far from him and began to grow at once from the ground beneath their feet in that very place. And intertwining with one another, they quickly grew and covered all the wild-roving cattle by the will of thievish Hermes, so that Apollo was astonished as he gazed. Then the strong slayer of Argus looked furtively upon the ground with eyes flashing fire […] desiring to hide […] Very easily he softened the son of all-glorious Leto as he would, stern though the Far-shooter was. He took the lyre upon his left arm and tried each string in turn with the key, so that at his touch it sounded awesomely. And Phoebus Apollo laughed for joy; for the sweet throb of the marvellous music went to his heart, and a soft longing took hold on his soul as he listened. Then the son of Maia, harping sweetly upon his lyre, took courage and stood at the left hand of Phoebus Apollo; and soon, while he played shrilly on his lyre, he lifted up his voice and sang, and lovely was the sound of his voice that followed. He sang the story of the deathless gods and of the dark earth, how at the first they came to be, and how each one received his portion. First among the gods he honored Mnemosyne, mother of the Muses, in his song; for the son of Maia was of her following. And next the goodly son of Zeus hymned the rest of the immortals according to their order in age, and told how each was born, mentioning all in order as he struck the lyre upon his arm. But Apollo was seized with a longing not to be allayed, and he opened his mouth and spoke winged words to Hermes: “Slayer of oxen, trickster, busy one, comrade of the feast, this song of yours is worth fifty cows, and I believe that presently we shall settle our quarrel peacefully. But come now, tell me this, resourceful son of Maia: has this marvellous thing been with you from your birth, or did some god or mortal man give it you —a noble gift —and teach you heavenly song? For wonderful is this new-uttered sound I hear, the like of which I vow that no man nor god dwelling on Olympus ever yet has known but you, O thievish son of Maia.

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English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.