Homer · The Homeric Hymns Ὁμηρικοὶ ὕμνοι

Homer, The Homeric Hymns 2.180–289: Hymn 2 to Demeter (3): the nurse of Demophoon

In Celeus' house Demeter sits silent in her grief, refuses red wine, and asks for a drink of barley, water and mint. She nurses the child Demophoon and hides him in the fire by night to make him immortal, until Metaneira sees and cries out. Demeter reveals herself as the goddess and orders the people of Eleusis to build her a temple and altar.

Lines 2.180–289 · 1163 words · click a number to copy its link
180κάλλιπον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα φίλου πρὸς δώματα πατρὸς ἡγεῦνθʼ· ἣ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄπισθε φίλον τετιημένη ἦτορ στεῖχε κατὰ κρῆθεν κεκαλυμμένη· ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλος κυάνεος ῥαδινοῖσι θεᾶς ἐλελίζετο ποσσίν. αἶψα δὲ δώμαθʼ ἵκοντο διοτρεφέος Κελεοῖο, 185βὰν δὲ διʼ αἰθούσης, ἔνθα σφίσι πότνια μήτηρ ἧστο παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο παῖδʼ ὑπὸ κόλπῳ ἔχουσα, νέον θάλος· αἳ δὲ παρ αὐτὴν ἔδραμον· ἣ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἔβη ποσὶ καί ῥα μελάθρου κῦρε κάρη, πλῆσεν δὲ θύρας σέλαος θείοιο. 190τὴν δʼ αἰδώς τε σέβας τε ἰδὲ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν· εἶξε δέ οἱ κλισμοῖο καὶ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγεν. ἀλλʼ οὐ Δημήτηρ ὡρηφόρος, ἀγλαόδωρος, ἤθελεν ἑδριάασθαι ἐπὶ κλισμοῖο φαεινοῦ, ἀλλʼ ἀκέουσʼ ἀνέμιμνε κατʼ ὄμματα καλὰ βαλοῦσα, 195πρίν γʼ ὅτε δή οἱ ἔθηκεν Ἰάμβη κέδνʼ εἰδυῖα πηκτὸν ἕδος, καθύπερθε δʼ ἐπʼ ἀργύφεον βάλε κῶας. ἔνθα καθεζομένη προκατέσχετο χερσὶ καλύπτρην· δηρὸν δʼ ἄφθογγος τετιημένη ἧστʼ ἐπὶ δίφρου, οὐδέ τινʼ οὔτʼ ἔπεϊ προσπτύσσετο οὔτε τι ἔργῳ, 200ἀλλʼ ἀγέλαστος, ἄπαστος ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος ἧστο πόθῳ μινύθουσα βαθυζώνοιο θυγατρός, πρίν γʼ ὅτε δὴ χλεύῃς μιν Ἰάμβη κέδνʼ εἰδυῖα πολλὰ παρασκώπτουσʼ ἐτρέψατο πότνιαν ἁγνήν, μειδῆσαι γελάσαι τε καὶ ἵλαον σχεῖν θυμόν· 205ἣ δή οἱ καὶ ἔπειτα μεθύστερον εὔαδεν ὀργαῖς. τῇ δὲ δέπας Μετάνειρα δίδου μελιηδέος οἴνου πλήσασʼ· ἣ δʼ ἀνένευσʼ· οὐ γὰρ θεμιτόν οἱ ἔφασκε πίνειν οἶνον ἐρυθρόν· ἄνωγε δʼ ἄρʼ ἄλφι καὶ ὕδωρ δοῦναι μίξασαν πιέμεν γλήχωνι τερείνῃ.

And she walked behind, distressed in her dear heart, with her head veiled and wearing a dark cloak which waved about the slender feet of the goddess. Soon they came to the house of heaven-nurtured Celeus and went through the portico to where their queenly mother sat by a pillar of the close-fitted roof, holding her son, a tender scion, in her bosom. And the girls ran to her. But the goddess walked to the threshold: and her head reached the roof and she filled the doorway with a heavenly radiance. Then awe and reverence and pale fear took hold of Metaneira, and she rose up from her couch before Demeter, and bade her be seated. But Demeter, bringer of seasons and giver of perfect gifts, would not sit upon the bright couch, but stayed silent with lovely eyes cast down until careful Iambe placed a jointed seat for her and threw over it a silvery fleece. Then she sat down and held her veil in her hands before her face. A long time she sat upon the stool without speaking because of her sorrow, and greeted no one by word or by sign, but rested, never smiling, and tasting neither food nor drink, because she pined with longing for her deep-bosomed daughter, until careful Iambe —who pleased her moods in aftertime also —moved the holy lady with many a quip and jest to smile and laugh and cheer her heart. Then Metaneira filled a cup with sweet wine and offered it to her; but she refused it, for she said it was not lawful for her to drink red wine, but bade them mix meal and water with soft mint and give her to drink.

210ἣ δὲ κυκεῶ τεύξασα θεᾷ πόρεν, ὡς ἐκέλευε· δεξαμένη δʼ ὁσίης ἕνεκεν πολυπότνια Δηώ […] τῇσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχεν ἐύζωνος Μετάνειρα· χαῖρε, γύναι, ἐπεὶ οὔ σε κακῶν ἄπʼ ἔολπα τοκήων ἔμμεναι, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθῶν· ἐπί τοι πρέπει ὄμμασιν αἰδὼς 215καὶ χάρις, ὡς εἴ πέρ τε θεμιστοπόλων βασιλήων. ἀλλὰ θεῶν μὲν δῶρα καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ τέτλαμεν ἄνθρωποι· ἐπὶ γὰρ ζυγὸς αὐχένι κεῖται. νῦν δʼ, ἐπεὶ ἵκεο δεῦρο, παρέσσεται ὅσσα τʼ ἐμοί περ. παῖδα δέ μοι τρέφε τόνδε, τὸν ὀψίγονον καὶ ἄελπτον 220ὤπασαν ἀθάνατοι, πολυάρητος δέ μοί ἐστιν. εἰ τόν γε θρέψαιο καὶ ἥβης μέτρον ἵκοιτο, ῥεῖά κέ τίς σε ἰδοῦσα γυναικῶν θηλυτεράων ζηλώσαι· τόσα κέν τοι ἀπὸ θρεπτήρια δοίην. τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἐυστέφανος Δημήτηρ· 225καὶ σύ, γύναι, μάλα χαῖρε, θεοὶ δέ τοι ἐσθλὰ πόροιεν· παῖδα δέ τοι πρόφρων ὑποδέξομαι, ὥς με κελεύεις, θρέψω κοὔ μιν, ἔολπα, κακοφραδίῃσι τιθήνης οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐπηλυσίη δηλήσεται οὔθʼ ὑποτάμνον· οἶδα γὰρ ἀντίτομον μέγα φέρτερον ὑλοτόμοιο, 230οἶδα δʼ ἐπηλυσίης πολυπήμονος ἐσθλὸν ἐρυσμόν. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα θυώδεϊ δέξατο κόλπῳ χείρεσσʼ ἀθανάτῃσι· γεγήθει δὲ φρένα μήτηρ. ὣς ἣ μὲν Κελεοῖο δαΐφρονος ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν Δημοφόωνθʼ, ὃν ἔτικτεν ἐύζωνος Μετάνειρα, 235ἔτρεφεν ἐν μεγάροις· ὃ δʼ ἀέξετο δαίμονι ἶσος, οὔτʼ οὖν σῖτον ἔδων, οὐ θησάμενος γάλα μητρὸς ἠματίη μὲν γὰρ καλλιστέφανος Δημήτηρ χρίεσκʼ ἀμβροσίῃ ὡσεὶ θεοῦ ἐκγεγαῶτα ἡδὺ καταπνείουσα καὶ ἐν κόλποισιν ἔχουσα· νύκτας δὲ κρύπτεσκε πυρὸς μένει ἠύτε δαλὸν 240λάθρα φίλων γονέων· τοῖς δὲ μέγα θαῦμʼ ἐτέτυκτο, ὡς προθαλὴς τελέθεσκε· θεοῖσι γὰρ ἄντα ἐῴκει. καί κέν μιν ποίησεν ἀγήρων τʼ ἀθάνατόν τε, εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ἀφραδίῃσιν ἐύζωνος Μετάνειρα νύκτʼ ἐπιτηρήσασα θυώδεος ἐκ θαλάμοιο

And Metaneira mixed the draught and gave it to the goddess as she bade. So the great queen Deo received it to observe the sacrament […] And of them all, well-girded Metaneira first began to speak: “Hail, lady! For I think you are not meanly but nobly born; truly dignity and grace are conspicuous upon your eyes as in the eyes of kings that deal justice. Yet we mortals bear perforce what the gods send us, though we be grieved; for a yoke is set upon our necks. But now, since you are come here, you shall have what I can bestow: and nurse me this child whom the gods gave me in my old age and beyond my hope, a son much prayed for. If you should bring him up until he reach the full measure of youth, any one of woman-kind that sees you will straightway envy you, so great reward would I give for his upbringing.” Then rich-haired Demeter answered her: “And to you, also, lady, all hail, and may the gods give you good! Gladly will I take the boy to my breast, as you bid me, and will nurse him. Never, I ween, through any heedlessness of his nurse shall witchcraft hurt him nor yet the Undercutter: for I know a charm far stronger than the Woodcutter, and I know an excellent safeguard against woeful witchcraft.” When she had so spoken, she took the child in her fragrant bosom with her divine hands: and his mother was glad in her heart. So the goddess nursed in the palace Demophoon, wise Celeus' goodly son whom well-girded Metaneira bare. And the child grew like some immortal being, not fed with food nor nourished at the breast: for by day rich-crowned Demeter would anoint him with ambrosia as if he were the offspring of a god and breathe sweetly upon him as she held him in her bosom. But at night she would hide him like a brand in the heart of the fire, unknown to his dear parents. And it wrought great wonder in these that he grew beyond his age; for he was like the gods face to face. And she would have made him deathless and unageing, had not well-girded Metaneira in her heedlessness kept watch by night from her sweet-smelling chamber and spied.

245σκέψατο· κώκυσεν δὲ καὶ ἄμφω πλήξατο μηρὼ δείσασʼ ᾧ περὶ παιδὶ καὶ ἀάσθη μέγα θυμῷ καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· τέκνον Δημοφόων, ξείνη σε πυρὶ ἔνι πολλῷ κρύπτει, ἐμοὶ δὲ γόον καὶ κήδεα λυγρὰ τίθησιν. 250ὣς φάτʼ ὀδυρομένη· τῆς δʼ ἄιε δῖα θεάων. τῇ δὲ χολωσαμένη καλλιστέφανος Δημήτηρ παῖδα φίλον, τὸν ἄελπτον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔτικτε, χείρεσσʼ ἀθανάτῃσιν ἀπὸ ἕθεν ἧκε πέδονδε, ἐξανελοῦσα πυρός, θυμῷ κοτέσασα μάλʼ αἰνῶς, 255καί ῥʼ ἄμυδις προσέειπεν ἐύζωνον Μετάνειραν· νήιδες ἄνθρωποι καὶ ἀφράδμονες οὔτʼ ἀγαθοῖο αἶσαν ἐπερχομένου προγνώμεναι οὔτε κακοῖο· καὶ σὺ γὰρ ἀφραδίῃσι τεῇς νήκεστον ἀάσθης. ἴστω γὰρ θεῶν ὅρκος, ἀμείλικτον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, 260ἀθάνατόν κέν τοι καὶ ἀγήραον ἤματα πάντα παῖδα φίλον ποίησα καὶ ἄφθιτον ὤπασα τιμήν· νῦν δʼ οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὥς κεν θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξαι· τιμὴ δʼ ἄφθιτος αἰὲν ἐπέσσεται, οὕνεκα γούνων ἡμετέρων ἐπέβη καὶ ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσιν ἴαυσεν. 265ὥρῃσιν δʼ ἄρα τῷ γε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν παῖδες Ἐλευσινίων πόλεμον καὶ φύλοπιν αἰνὴν αἰὲν ἐν ἀλλήλοισιν συνάξουσʼ ἤματα πάντα. εἰμὶ δὲ Δημήτηρ τιμάοχος, ἥτε μέγιστον ἀθανάτοις θνητοῖς τʼ ὄνεαρ καὶ χάρμα τέτυκται. 270ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι νηόν τε μέγαν καὶ βωμὸν ὑπʼ αὐτῷ τευχόντων πᾶς δῆμος ὑπαὶ πόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος Καλλιχόρου καθύπερθεν ἐπὶ προὔχοντι κολωνῷ. ὄργια δʼ αὐτὴ ἐγὼν ὑποθήσομαι, ὡς ἂν ἔπειτα εὐαγέως ἔρδοντες ἐμὸν νόον ἱλάσκοισθε. 275ὣς εἰποῦσα θεὰ μέγεθος καὶ εἶδος ἄμειψε γῆρας ἀπωσαμένη· περί τʼ ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο· ὀδμὴ δʼ ἱμερόεσσα θυηέντων ἀπὸ πέπλων σκίδνατο, τῆλε δὲ φέγγος ἀπὸ χροὸς ἀθανάτοιο λάμπε θεᾶς, ξανθαὶ δὲ κόμαι κατενήνοθεν ὤμους, 280αὐγῆς δʼ ἐπλήσθη πυκινὸς δόμος ἀστεροπῆς ὥς· βῆ δὲ διὲκ μεγάρων· τῆς δʼ αὐτίκα γούνατʼ ἔλυντο, δηρὸν δʼ ἄφθογγος γένετο χρόνον, οὐδέ τι παιδὸς μνήσατο τηλυγέτοιο ἀπὸ δαπέδου ἀνελέσθαι. τοῦ δὲ κασίγνηται φωνὴν ἐσάκουσαν ἐλεινήν, 285κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ εὐστρώτων λεχέων θόρον· ἣ μὲν ἔπειτα παῖδʼ ἀνὰ χερσὶν ἑλοῦσα ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο κόλπῳ· ἣ δʼ ἄρα πῦρ ἀνέκαιʼ· ἣ δʼ ἔσσυτο πόσσʼ ἁπαλοῖσι μητέρʼ ἀναστήσουσα θυώδεος ἐκ θαλάμοιο. ἀγρόμεναι δέ μιν ἀμφὶς ἐλούεον ἀσπαίροντα

But she wailed and smote her two hips, because she feared for her son and was greatly distraught in her heart; so she lamented and uttered winged words: “Demophoön, my son, the strange woman buries you deep in fire and works grief and bitter sorrow for me.” Thus she spoke, mourning. And the bright goddess, lovely-crowned Demeter, heard her, and was wroth with her. So with her divine hands she snatched from the fire the dear son whom Metaneira had born unhoped-for in the palace, and cast him from her to the ground; for she was terribly angry in her heart. Forthwith she said to well-girded Metaneira: “Witless are you mortals and dull to foresee your lot, whether of good or evil, that comes upon you. For now in your heedlessness you have wrought folly past healing; for —be witness the oath of the gods, the relentless water of Styx — I would have made your dear son deathless and unaging all his days and would have bestowed on him everlasting honor, but now he can in no way escape death and the fates. Yet shall unfailing honor always rest upon him, because he lay upon my knees and slept in my arms. But, as the years move round and when he is in his prime, the sons of the Eleusinians shall ever wage war and dread strife with one another continually. Lo! I am that Demeter who has share of honor and is the greatest help and cause of joy to the undying gods and mortal men. But now, let all the people build me a great temple and an altar below it and beneath the city and its sheer wall upon a rising hillock above Callichorus. And I myself will teach my rites, that hereafter you may reverently perform them and so win the favour of my heart.” When she had so said, the goddess changed her stature and her looks, thrusting old age away from her: beauty spread round about her and a lovely fragrance was wafted from her sweet-smelling robes, and from the divine body of the goddess a light shone afar, while golden tresses spread down over her shoulders, so that the strong house was filled with brightness as with lightning. And so she went out from the palace. And straightway Metaneira's knees were loosed and she remained speechless for a long while and did not remember to take up her late-born son from the ground. But his sisters heard his pitiful wailing and sprang down from their well-spread beds: one of them took up the child in her arms and laid him in her bosom, while another revived the fire, and a third rushed with soft feet to bring their mother from her fragrant chamber. And they gathered about the struggling child and washed him, embracing him lovingly; but he was not comforted, because nurses and handmaids much less skilful were holding him now.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.