Homer · The Homeric Hymns Ὁμηρικοὶ ὕμνοι

Homer, The Homeric Hymns 2.290–394: Hymn 2 to Demeter (4): the famine and the mission of Hermes

In her new temple Demeter withholds the grain and a terrible year follows, which threatens the offerings of the gods. Zeus sends Iris and then the other gods to persuade her, but she will not return to Olympus without her daughter. Zeus sends Hermes to the underworld; Hades agrees to let Persephone go, but first gives her a pomegranate seed to eat, and Hermes drives her back to Eleusis, where her mother embraces her.

Lines 2.290–394 · 1016 words · click a number to copy its link
290ἀμφαγαπαζόμεναι· τοῦ δʼ οὐ μειλίσσετο θυμός· χειρότεραι γὰρ δή μιν ἔχον τροφοὶ ἠδὲ τιθῆναι. αἳ μὲν παννύχιαι κυδρὴν θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο δείματι παλλόμεναι, ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν εὐρυβίῃ Κελεῷ νημερτέα μυθήσαντο, 295ὡς ἐπέτελλε θεά, καλλιστέφανος Δημήτηρ. αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας πολυπείρονα λαὸν ἤνωγʼ ἠυκόμῳ Δημήτερι πίονα νηὸν ποιῆσαι καὶ βωμὸν ἐπὶ προὔχοντι κολωνῷ. οἳ δὲ μάλʼ αἶψʼ ἐπίθοντο καὶ ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος, 300τεῦχον δʼ, ὡς ἐπέτελλʼ. ὃ δʼ ἀέξετο δαίμονι ἶσος. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τέλεσαν καὶ ἐρώησαν καμάτοιο, βάν ῥʼ ἴμεν οἴκαδʼ ἕκαστος· ἀτὰρ ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ ἔνθα καθεζομένη μακάρων ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἁπάντων μίμνε πόθῳ μινύθουσα βαθυζώνοιο θυγατρός. 305αἰνότατον δʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἐπὶ χθόνα πουλυβότειραν ποίησʼ ἀνθρώποις καὶ κύντατον· οὐδέ τι γαῖα σπέρμʼ ἀνίει, κρύπτεν γὰρ ἐυστέφανος Δημήτηρ· πολλὰ δὲ καμπύλʼ ἄροτρα μάτην βόες εἷλκον ἀρούραις· πολλὸν δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἐτώσιον ἔμπεσε γαίῃ· 310καί νύ κε πάμπαν ὄλεσσε γένος μερόπων ἀνθρώπων λιμοῦ ὑπʼ ἀργαλέης, γεράων τʼ ἐρικυδέα τιμὴν καὶ θυσιῶν ἤμερσεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντας, εἰ μὴ Ζεὺς ἐνόησεν ἑῷ τʼ ἐφράσσατο θυμῷ. Ἶριν δὲ πρῶτον χρυσόπτερον ὦρσε καλέσσαι 315Δήμητρʼ ἠύκομον, πολυήρατον εἶδος ἔχουσαν. ὣς ἔφαθʼ· ἣ δὲ Ζηνὶ κελαινεφέι Κρονίωνι πείθετο καὶ τὸ μεσηγὺ διέδραμεν ὦκα πόδεσσιν. ἵκετο δὲ πτολίεθρον Ἐλευσῖνος θυοέσσης, εὗρεν δʼ ἐν νηῷ Δημήτερα κυανόπεπλον 320καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· Δήμητερ, καλέει σε πατὴρ Ζεὺς ἄφθιτα εἰδὼς ἐλθέμεναι μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν αἰειγενετάων. ἄλλʼ ἴθι, μηδʼ ἀτέλεστον ἐμὸν ἔπος ἐκ Διὸς ἔστω. ὣς φάτο λισσομένη· τῇ δʼ οὐκ ἐπεπείθετο θυμός. 325αὖτις ἔπειτα πατὴρ μάκαρας θεοὺς αἰὲν ἐόντας πάντας ἐπιπροΐαλλεν· ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ κιόντες κίκλησκον καὶ πολλὰ δίδον περικαλλέα δῶρα τιμάς θʼ, †ἅς κʼ ἐθέλοιτο† μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἑλέσθαι. ἀλλʼ οὔτις πεῖσαι δύνατο φρένας οὐδὲ νόημα 330θυμῷ χωομένης· στερεῶς δʼ ἠναίνετο μύθους. οὐ μὲν γάρ ποτʼ ἔφασκε θυώδεος Οὐλύμποιο πρίν γʼ ἐπιβήσεσθαι, οὐ πρὶν γῆς καρπὸν ἀνήσειν, πρὶν ἴδοι ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἑὴν εὐώπιδα κούρην. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε βαρύκτυπος εὐρύοπα Ζεύς, 335εἰς Ἔρεβος πέμψε χρυσόρραπιν Ἀργειφόντην, ὄφρʼ Ἀίδην μαλακοῖσι παραιφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἁγνὴν Περσεφόνειαν ὑπὸ ζόφου ἠερόεντος ἐς φάος ἐξαγάγοι μετὰ δαίμονας, ὄφρα ἑ μήτηρ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδοῦσα μεταλήξειε χόλοιο. 340Ἑρμῆς δʼ οὐκ ἀπίθησεν, ἄφαρ δʼ ὑπὸ κεύθεα γαίης ἐσσυμένως κατόρουσε λιπὼν ἕδος Οὐλύμποιο. τέτμε δὲ τόν γε ἄνακτα δόμων ἔντοσθεν ἐόντα, ἥμενον ἐν λεχέεσσι σὺν αἰδοίῃ παρακοίτι, πόλλʼ ἀεκαζομένῃ μητρὸς πόθῳ· ἣ δʼ ἀποτηλοῦ

All night long they sought to appease the glorious goddess, quaking with fear. But, as soon as dawn began to show, they told powerful Celeus all things without fail, as the lovely-crowned goddess Demeter charged them. So Celeus called the countless people to an assembly and bade them make a goodly temple for rich-haired Demeter and an altar upon the rising hillock. And they obeyed him right speedily and harkened to his voice, doing as he commanded. As for the child, he grew like an immortal being. Now when they had finished building and had drawn back from their toil, they went every man to his house. But golden-haired Demeter sat there apart from all the blessed gods and stayed, wasting with yearning for her deep-bosomed daughter. Then she caused a most dreadful and cruel year for mankind over the all-nourishing earth: the ground would not make the seed sprout, for rich-crowned Demeter kept it hid. In the fields the oxen drew many a curved plough in vain, and much white barley was cast upon the land without avail. So she would have destroyed the whole race of man with cruel famine and have robbed them who dwell on Olympus of their glorious right of gifts and sacrifices, had not Zeus perceived and marked this in his heart. First he sent golden-winged Iris to call rich-haired Demeter, lovely in form. So he commanded. And she obeyed the dark-clouded Son of Cronos, and sped with swift feet across the space between. She came to the stronghold of fragrant Eleusis, and there finding dark-cloaked Demeter in her temple, spake to her and uttered winged words: “Demeter, father Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, calls you to come join the tribes of the eternal gods: come therefore, and let not the message I bring from Zeus pass unobeyed.” Thus said Iris imploring her. But Demeter's heart was not moved. Then again the father sent forth all the blessed and eternal gods besides: and they came, one after the other, and kept calling her and offering many very beautiful gifts and whatever rights she might be pleased to choose among the deathless gods. Yet no one was able to persuade her mind and will, so wroth was she in her heart; but she stubbornly rejected all their words: for she vowed that she would never set foot on fragrant Olympus nor let fruit spring out of the ground, until she beheld with her eyes her own fair-faced daughter. Now when all-seeing Zeus the loud-thunderer heard this, he sent the Slayer of Argus whose wand is of gold to Erebus, so that having won over Hades with soft words, he might lead forth chaste Persephone to the light from the misty gloom to join the gods, and that her mother might see her with her eyes and cease from her anger. And Hermes obeyed, and leaving the house of Olympus, straightway sprang down with speed to the hidden places of the earth. And he found the lord Hades in his house seated upon a couch, and his shy mate with him, much reluctant, because she yearned for her mother. But she was afar off, brooding on her fell design because of the deeds of the blessed gods.

345ἔργοις θεῶν μακάρων δεινὴν μητίσετο βουλήν. ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη κρατὺς Ἀργειφόντης· Ἅιδη κυανοχαῖτα, καταφθιμένοισιν ἀνάσσων, Ζεύς με πατὴρ ἤνωγεν ἀγαυὴν Περσεφόνειαν ἐξαγαγεῖν Ἐρέβευσφι μετὰ σφέας, ὄφρα ἑ μήτηρ 350ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδοῦσα χόλου καὶ μήνιος αἰνῆς ἀθανάτοις λήξειεν· ἐπεὶ μέγα μήδεται ἔργον, φθῖσαι φῦλʼ ἀμενηνὰ χαμαιγενέων ἀνθρώπων, σπέρμʼ ὑπὸ γῆς κρύπτουσα, καταφθινύθουσα δὲ τιμὰς ἀθανάτων· ἣ δʼ αἰνὸν ἔχει χόλον, οὐδὲ θεοῖσι 355μίσγεται, ἀλλʼ ἀπάνευθε θυώδεος ἔνδοθι νηοῦ ἧσται Ἐλευσῖνος κραναὸν πτολίεθρον ἔχουσα. ὣς φάτο· μείδησεν δὲ ἄναξ ἐνέρων Ἀιδωνεὺς ὀφρύσιν, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Διὸς βασιλῆος ἐφετμῇς· ἐσσυμένως δʼ ἐκέλευσε δαΐφρονι Περσεφονείῃ· 360ἔρχεο, Περσεφόνη, παρὰ μητέρα κυανόπεπλον ἤπιον ἐν στήθεσσι μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἔχουσα, μηδέ τι δυσθύμαινε λίην περιώσιον ἄλλων· οὔ τοι ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ἀεικὴς ἔσσομʼ ἀκοίτης, αὐτοκασίγνητος πατρὸς Διός· ἔνθα δʼ ἐοῦσα 365δεσπόσσεις πάντων ὁπόσα ζώει τε καὶ ἕρπει, τιμὰς δὲ σχήσησθα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι μεγίστας. τῶν δʼ ἀδικησάντων τίσις ἔσσεται ἤματα πάντα, οἵ κεν μὴ θυσίῃσι τεὸν μένος ἱλάσκωνται εὐαγέως ἔρδοντες, ἐναίσιμα δῶρα τελοῦντες. 370ὣς φάτο· γήθησεν δὲ περίφρων Περσεφόνεια, καρπαλίμως δʼ ἀνόρουσʼ ὑπὸ χάρματος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ αὐτὸς ῥοιῆς κόκκον ἔδωκε φαγεῖν μελιηδέα λάθρῃ, ἀμφὶ ἓ νωμήσας, ἵνα μὴ μένοι ἤματα πάντα αὖθι παρʼ αἰδοίῃ Δημήτερι κυανοπέπλῳ. 375ἵππους δὲ προπάροιθεν ὑπὸ χρυσέοισιν ὄχεσφιν ἔντυεν ἀθανάτους Πολυσημάντωρ Ἀιδωνευς. ἣ δʼ ὀχέων ἐπέβη, πάρα δὲ κρατὺς Ἀργειφόντης ἡνία καὶ μάστιγα λαβὼν μετὰ χερσὶ φίλῃσι σεῦε διὲκ μεγάρων· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην. 380ῥίμφα δὲ μακρὰ κέλευθα διήνυσαν· οὐδὲ θάλασσα οὔθʼ ὕδωρ ποταμῶν οὔτʼ ἄγκεα ποιήεντα ἵππων ἀθανάτων οὔτʼ ἄκριες ἔσχεθον ὁρμήν, ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ αὐτάων βαθὺν ἠέρα τέμνον ἰόντες. στῆσε δʼ ἄγων, ὅθι μίμνεν ἐυστέφανος Δημήτηρ, 385νηοῖο προπάροιθε θυώδεος· ἣ δὲ ἰδοῦσα ἤιξʼ, ἠύτε μαινὰς ὄρος κάτα δάσκιον ὕλῃ. Περσεφόνη δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπεὶ ἴδεν ὄμματα καλὰ μητρὸς ἑῆς κατʼ ἄρʼ ἥ γʼ ὄχεα προλιποῦσα καὶ ἵππους ἆλτο θέειν, δειρῇ δέ οἱ ἔμπεσε ἀμφιχυθεῖσα· 390τῇ δὲ φίλην ἔτι παῖδα ἑῇς μετὰ χερσὶν ἐχούσῃ αἶψα δόλον θυμός τινʼ ὀίσατο, τρέσσε δʼ ἄρʼ αἰνῶς παυομένη φιλότητος, ἄφαρ δʼ ἐρεείνετο μύθῳ· τέκνον, μή ῥά τι μοι σύ γε πάσσαο νέρθεν ἐοῦσα βρώμης; ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθʼ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω·

And the strong Slayer of Argus drew near and said: “Dark-haired Hades, ruler over the departed, father Zeus bids me bring noble Persephone forth from Erebus unto the gods, that her mother may see her with her eyes and cease from her dread anger with the immortals; for now she plans an awful deed, to destroy the weakly tribes of earth-born men by keeping seed hidden beneath the earth, and so she makes an end of the honors of the undying gods. For she keeps fearful anger and does not consort with the gods, but sits aloof in her fragrant temple, dwelling in the rocky hold of Eleusis.” So he said. And Aidoneus, ruler over the dead, smiled grimly and obeyed the behest of Zeus the king. For he straightway urged wise Persephone, saying: “Go now, Persephone, to your dark-robed mother, go, and feel kindly in your heart towards me: be not so exceedingly cast down; for I shall be no unfitting husband for you among the deathless gods, that am own brother to father Zeus. And while you are here, you shall rule all that lives and moves and shall have the greatest rights among the deathless gods: those who defraud you and do not appease your power with offerings, reverently performing rites and paying fit gifts, shall be punished for evermore.” When he said this, wise Persephone was filled with joy and hastily sprang up for gladness. But he on his part secretly gave her sweet pomegranate seed to eat, taking care for himself that she might not remain continually with grave, dark-robed Demeter. Then Aidoneus the Ruler of Many openly got ready his deathless horses beneath the golden chariot. And she mounted on the chariot, and the strong Slayer of Argus took reins and whip in his dear hands and drove forth from the hall, the horses speeding readily. Swiftly they traversed their long course, and neither the sea nor river-waters nor grassy glens nor mountain-peaks checked the career of the immortal horses, but they clave the deep air above them as they went. And Hermes brought them to the place where rich-crowned Demeter was staying and checked them before her fragrant temple. And when Demeter saw them, she rushed forth as does a Maenad down some thick-wooded mountain, while Persephone on the other side, when she saw her mother's sweet eyes, left the chariot and horses, and leaped down to run to her, and falling upon her neck, embraced her. But while Demeter was still holding her dear child in her arms, her heart suddenly misgave her for some snare, so that she feared greatly and ceased fondling her daughter and asked of her at once: “My child, tell me, surely you have not tasted any food while you were below? Speak out and hide nothing, but let us both know.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

The Homeric Hymns 2.290–394: Hymn 2 to Demeter (4)