Homer · The Homeric Hymns Ὁμηρικοὶ ὕμνοι

Homer, The Homeric Hymns 4.91–209: Hymn 4 to Hermes (2): the theft of Apollo's cattle

Hermes drives the cattle backwards through the night, sacrifices two of them by the river Alpheus, and returns to his cradle in Cyllene, where Maia scolds him for the theft. Meanwhile Apollo arrives at Onchestus and is told by the old man that he has seen a child driving cattle backwards.

Lines 4.91–209 · 1169 words · click a number to copy its link
91ἦ πολυοινήσεις, εὖτʼ ἂν τάδε πάντα φέρῃσι, [εἴ κε πίθῃ, μάλα περ μεμνημένος ἐν φρεσὶ σῇσι] καί τε ἰδὼν μὴ ἰδὼν εἶναι καὶ κωφὸς ἀκούσας, καὶ σιγᾶν ὅτε μή τι καταβλάπτῃ τὸ σὸν αὐτοῦ. τόσσον φὰς συνέσευε βοῶν ἴφθιμα κάρηνα. 95πολλὰ δʼ ὄρη σκιόεντα καὶ αὐλῶνας κελαδεινοὺς καὶ πεδίʼ ἀνθεμόεντα διήλασε κύδιμος Ἑρμῆς. ὀρφναίη δʼ ἐπίκουρος ἐπαύετο δαιμονίη νύξ, ἡ πλείων, τάχα δʼ ὄρθρος ἐγίγνετο δημιοεργός· ἣ δὲ νέον σκοπιὴν προσεβήσατο δῖα Σελήνη, 100Πάλλαντος θυγάτηρ Μεγαμηδείδαο ἄνακτος. τῆμος ἐπʼ Ἀλφειὸν ποταμὸν Διὸς ἄλκιμος υἱὸς Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος βοῦς ἤλασεν εὐρυμετώπους. ἀκμῆτες δʼ ἵκανον ἐπʼ αὔλιον ὑψιμέλαθρον καὶ ληνοὺς προπάροιθεν ἀριπρεπέος λειμῶνος. 105ἔνθʼ ἐπεὶ εὖ βοτάνης ἐπεφόρβει βοῦς ἐριμύκους καὶ τὰς μὲν συνέλασσεν ἐς αὔλιον ἀθρόας οὔσας, λωτὸν ἐρεπτομένας ἠδʼ ἑρσήεντα κύπειρον· σὺν δʼ ἐφόρει ξύλα πολλά, πυρὸς δʼ ἐπεμαίετο τέχνην. δάφνης ἀγλαὸν ὄζον ἑλὼν ἀπέλεψε σιδήρῳ 110[…] ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃ· ἄμπνυτο δὲ θερμὸς ἀυτμή· Ἑρμῆς τοι πρώτιστα πυρήια πῦρ τʼ ἀνέδωκε. πολλὰ δὲ κάγκανα κᾶλα κατουδαίῳ ἐνὶ βόθρῳ οὖλα λαβὼν ἐπέθηκεν ἐπηετανά· λάμπετο δὲ φλὸξ τηλόσε φῦσαν ἱεῖσα πυρὸς μέγα δαιομένοιο. 115ὄφρα δὲ πῦρ ἀνέκαιε βίη κλυτοῦ Ἡφαίστοιο, τόφρα δʼ ὑποβρύχους ἕλικας βοῦς εἷλκε θύραζε δοιὰς ἄγχι πυρός· δύναμις δέ οἱ ἕσπετο πολλή. ἀμφοτέρας δʼ ἐπὶ νῶτα χαμαὶ βάλε φυσιοώσας· ἀγκλίνων δʼ ἐκύλινδε διʼ αἰῶνας τετορήσας. 120ἔργῳ δʼ ἔργον ὄπαζε ταμὼν κρέα πίονα δημῷ· ὤπτα δʼ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσι πεπαρμένα δουρατέοισι σάρκας ὁμοῦ καὶ νῶτα γεράσμια καὶ μέλαν αἷμα ἐργμένον ἐν χολάδεσσι· τὰ δʼ αὐτοῦ κεῖτʼ ἐπὶ χώρης· ῥινοὺς δʼ ἐξετάνυσσε καταστυφέλῳ ἐνὶ πέτρῃ, 125ὡς ἔτι νῦν τὰ μέτασσα πολυχρόνιοι πεφύασι, δηρὸν δὴ μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἄκριτον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Ἑρμῆς χαρμόφρων εἰρύσατο πίονα ἔργα λείῳ ἐπὶ πλαταμῶνι καὶ ἔσχισε δώδεκα μοίρας κληροπαλεῖς· τέλεον δὲ γέρας προσέθηκεν ἑκάστῃ.

When he had said this much, he hurried the strong cattle on together: through many shadowy mountains and echoing gorges and flowery plains glorious Hermes drove them. And now the divine night, his dark ally, was mostly passed, and dawn that sets folk to work was quickly coming on, while bright Selene, daughter of the lord Pallas, Megamedes' son, had just climbed her watch-post, when the strong Son of Zeus drove the wide-browed cattle of Phoebus Apollo to the river Alpheus. And they came unwearied to the high-roofed byres and the drinking-troughs that were before the noble meadow. Then, after he had well-fed the loud-bellowing cattle with fodder and driven them into the byre, close-packed and chewing lotus and dewy galingal, he gathered a pile of wood and began to seek the art of fire. He chose a stout laurel branch and trimmed it with the knife […] held firmly in his hand: and the hot smoke rose up. For it was Hermes who first invented fire-sticks and fire. Next he took many dried sticks and piled them thick and plenty in a sunken trench: and flame began to glow, spreading afar the blast of fierce-burning fire. And while the strength of glorious Hephaestus was beginning to kindle the fire, he dragged out two lowing, horned cows close to the fire; for great strength was with him. He threw them both panting upon their backs on the ground, and rolled them on their sides, bending their necks over, and pierced their vital chord. Then he went on from task to task: first he cut up the rich, fatted meat, and pierced it with wooden spits, and roasted flesh and the honorable chine and the paunch full of dark blood all together. He laid them there upon the ground, and spread out the hides on a rugged rock: and so they are still there many ages afterwards, a long, long time after all this, and are continually. Next glad-hearted Hermes dragged the rich meats he had prepared and put them on a smooth, flat stone, and divided them into twelve portions distributed by lot, making each portion wholly honorable.

130ἔνθʼ ὁσίης κρεάων ἠράσσατο κύδιμος Ἑρμῆς· ὀδμὴ γάρ μιν ἔτειρε καὶ ἀθάνατόν περ ἐόντα ἡδεῖʼ· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὥς οἱ ἐπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ, καί τε μάλʼ ἱμείροντι, περῆν† ἱερῆς κατὰ δειρῆς. ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν κατέθηκεν ἐς αὔλιον ὑψιμέλαθρον, 135δημὸν καὶ κρέα πολλά, μετήορα δʼ αἶψʼ ἀνάειρε, σῆμα νέης φωρῆς· ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανʼ ἀγείρας οὐλόποδʼ, οὐλοκάρηνα πυρὸς κατεδάμνατʼ ἀυτμῇ. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί τοι πάντα κατὰ χρέος ἤνυσε δαίμων, σάνδαλα μὲν προέηκεν ἐς Ἀλφειὸν βαθυδίνην· 140ἀνθρακιὴν δʼ ἐμάρανε, κόνιν δʼ ἀμάθυνε μέλαιναν παννύχιος· καλὸν δὲ φόως κατέλαμπε Σελήνης. Κυλλήνης δʼ αἶψʼ αὖτις ἀφίκετο δῖα κάρηνα ὄρθριος, οὐδέ τί οἱ δολιχῆς ὁδοῦ ἀντεβόλησεν οὔτε θεῶν μακάρων οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων, 145οὐδὲ κύνες λελάκοντο· Διὸς δʼ ἐριούνιος Ἑρμῆς δοχμωθεὶς μεγάροιο διὰ κλήιθρον ἔδυνεν αὔρῃ ὀπωρινῇ ἐναλίγκιος, ἠύτʼ ὀμίχλη. ἰθύσας δʼ ἄντρου ἐξίκετο πίονα νηὸν ἦκα ποσὶ προβιβῶν· οὐ γὰρ κτύπεν, ὥσπερ ἐπʼ οὔδει. 150ἐσσυμένως δʼ ἄρα λίκνον ἐπῴχετο κύδιμος Ἑρμῆς· σπάργανον ἀμφʼ ὤμοις εἰλυμένος, ἠύτε τέκνον νήπιον, ἐν παλάμῃσι περʼ ἰγνύσι λαῖφος ἀθύρων κεῖτο, χέλυν ἐρατὴν ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς ἐέργων. μητέρα δʼ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔληθε θεὰν θεὸς εἰπέ τε μῦθον· 155τίπτε σύ, ποικιλομῆτα, πόθεν τόδε νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ ἔρχῃ, ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε; νῦν σε μάλʼ οἴω ἢ τάχʼ ἀμήχανα δεσμὰ περὶ πλευρῇσιν ἔχοντα Λητοίδου ὑπὸ χερσὶ διὲκ προθύροιο περήσειν ἣ σὲ φέροντα μεταξὺ κατʼ ἄγκεα φηλητεύσειν. 160ἔρρε πάλιν· μεγάλην σε πατὴρ ἐφύτευσε μέριμναν θνητοῖς ἀνθρώποισι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι. τὴν δʼ Ἑρμῆς μύθοισιν ἀμείβετο κερδαλέοισι· μῆτερ ἐμή, τί με ταῦτα δεδίσκεαι, ἠύτε τέκνον νήπιον, ὃς μάλα παῦρα μετὰ φρεσὶν αἴσυλα οἶδε, 165ταρβαλέον, καὶ μητρὸς ὑπαιδείδοικεν ἐνιπάς; αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τέχνης ἐπιβήσομαι, ἥ τις ἀρίστη, βουκολέων ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ διαμπερές· οὐδὲ θεοῖσι νῶι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀδώρητοι καὶ ἄλιστοι αὐτοῦ τῇδε μένοντες ἀνεξόμεθʼ, ὡς σὺ κελεύεις.

Then glorious Hermes longed for the sacrificial meat, for the sweet savour wearied him, god though he was; nevertheless his proud heart was not prevailed upon to devour the flesh, although he greatly desired. But he put away in the high-roofed byre the fat and all the flesh, placing them high up to be a token of his youthful theft. And after that he gathered dry sticks and utterly destroyed with fire all the hoofs and all the heads. And when the god had duly finished all, he threw his sandals into deep-eddying Alpheus, and quenched the embers, covering the black ashes with sand, and so spent the night while Selene's soft light shone down. Then the god went straight back again at dawn to the bright crests of Cyllene, and no one met him on the long journey either of the blessed gods or mortal men, nor did any dog bark. And luck-bringing Hermes, the son of Zeus, passed edgeways through the key-hole of the hall like the autumn breeze, even as mist: straight through the cave he went and came to the rich inner chamber, walking softly, and making no noise as one might upon the floor. Then glorious Hermes went hurriedly to his cradle, wrapping his swaddling clothes about his shoulders as though he were a feeble babe, and lay playing with the covering about his knees; but at his left hand he kept close his sweet lyre. But the god did not pass unseen by the goddess his mother; but she said to him: “How now, you rogue! Whence come you back so at night-time, you that wear shamelessness as a garment? And now I surely believe the son of Leto will soon have you forth out of doors with unbreakable cords about your ribs, or you will live a rogue's life in the glens robbing by whiles. Go to, then; your father got you to be a great worry to mortal men and deathless gods.” Then Hermes answered her with crafty words: “Mother, why do you seek to frighten me like a feeble child whose heart knows few words of blame, a fearful babe that fears its mother's scolding? Nay, but I will try whatever plan is best, and so feed myself and you continually. We will not be content to remain here, as you bid, alone of all the gods unfee'd with offerings and prayers.

170βέλτερον ἤματα πάντα μετʼ ἀθανάτοις ὀαρίζειν, πλούσιον, ἀφνειόν, πολυλήιον, ἢ κατὰ δῶμα ἄντρῳ ἐν ἠερόεντι θαασσέμεν· ἀμφὶ δὲ τιμῆς, κἀγὼ τῆς ὁσίης ἐπιβήσομαι, ἧς περ Ἀπόλλων. εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσι πατὴρ ἐμός, ἧ τοι ἔγωγε 175πειρήσω, δύναμαι, φηλητέων ὄρχαμος εἶναι. εἰ δέ μʼ ἐρευνήσει Λητοῦς ἐρικυδέος υἱός, ἄλλο τί οἱ καὶ μεῖζον ὀίομαι ἀντιβολήσειν. εἶμι γὰρ ἐς Πυθῶνα μέγαν δόμον ἀντιτορήσων· ἔνθεν ἅλις τρίποδας περικαλλέας ἠδὲ λέβητας 180πορθήσω καὶ χρυσόν, ἅλις τʼ αἴθωνα σίδηρον καὶ πολλὴν ἐσθῆτα· σὺ δʼ ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα. ὣς οἳ μέν ῥʼ ἐπέεσσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, υἱός τʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς καὶ πότνια Μαῖα. Ἠὼς δʼ ἠριγένεια φόως θνητοῖσι φέρουσα 185ὤρνυτʼ ἀπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο βαθυρρόου· αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων Ὀγχηστόνδʼ ἀφίκανε κιών, πολυήρατον ἄλσος ἁγνὸν ἐρισφαράγου Γαιηόχου· ἔνθα γέροντα κνώδαλον εὗρε νέμοντα παρʼ ἔξοδον ἕρκεος αὐλῆς. τὸν πρότερος προσέφη Λητοῦς ἐρικυδέος υἱός· 190ὦ γέρον, Ὀγχηστοῖο βατοδρόπε ποιήεντος, βοῦς ἀπὸ Πιερίης διζήμενος ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνω, πάσας θηλείας, πάσας κεράεσσιν ἑλικτάς, ἐξ ἀγέλης· ὁ δὲ ταῦρος ἐβόσκετο μοῦνος ἀπʼ ἄλλων κυάνεος· χαροποὶ δὲ κύνες κατόπισθεν ἕποντο 195τέσσαρες, ἠύτε φῶτες, ὁμόφρονες· οἳ μὲν ἔλειφθεν, οἵ τε κύνες ὅ τε ταῦρος· ὃ δὴ περὶ θαῦμα τέτυκται· ταὶ δʼ ἔβαν ἠελίοιο νέον καταδυομένοιο ἐκ μαλακοῦ λειμῶνος ἀπὸ γλυκεροῖο νομοῖο. ταῦτά μοι εἰπέ, γεραιὲ παλαιγενές, εἴ που ὄπωπας 200ἀνέρα ταῖσδʼ ἐπὶ βουσὶ διαπρήσσοντα κέλευθον. τὸν δʼ ὁ γέρων μύθοισιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν· ὦ φίλος, ἀργαλέον μέν, ὅσʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδοιτο, πάντα λέγειν· πολλοὶ γὰρ ὁδὸν πρήσσουσιν ὁδῖται, τῶν οἳ μὲν κακὰ πολλὰ μεμαότες, οἳ δὲ μάλʼ ἐσθλὰ 205φοιτῶσιν· χαλεπὸν δὲ δαήμεναί ἐστιν ἕκαστον· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα ἔσκαπτον περὶ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο· παῖδα δʼ ἔδοξα, φέριστε, σαφὲς δʼ οὐκ οἶδα, νοῆσαι, ὅς τις ὁ παῖς, ἅμα βουσὶν ἐυκραίρῃσιν ὀπήδει

Better to live in fellowship with the deathless gods continually, rich, wealthy, and enjoying stores of grain, than to sit always in a gloomy cave: and, as regards honor, I too will enter upon the rite that Apollo has. If my father will not give it me, I will seek —and I am able —to be a prince of robbers. And if Leto's most glorious son shall seek me out, I think another and a greater loss will befall him. For I will go to Pytho to break into his great house, and will plunder therefrom splendid tripods, and cauldrons, and gold, and plenty of bright iron, and much apparel; and you shall see it if you will.” With such words they spoke together, the son of Zeus who holds the aegis, and the lady Maia. Now Eos the early born, bringing light to men, was rising from deep-flowing Ocean, when Apollo, as he went, came to Onchestus, the lovely grove and sacred place of the loud-roaring Holder of the Earth. There he found an old man grazing his beast along the pathway from his court-yard fence, and the all-glorious Son of Leto began and said to him. “Old man, weeder of grassy Onchestus, I am come here from Pieria seeking cattle, cows all of them, all with curving horns, from my herd. The black bull was grazing alone away from the rest, but fierce-eyed hounds followed the cows, four of them, all of one mind, like men. These were left behind, the dogs and the bull —which is a great marvel; but the cows strayed out of the soft meadow, away from the pasture when the sun was just going down. Now tell me this, old man born long ago: have you seen one passing along behind those cows?” Then the old man answered him and said: “My son, it is hard to tell all that one's eyes see; for many wayfarers pass to and fro this way, some bent on much evil, and some on good: it is difficult to know each one. However, I was digging about my plot of vineyard all day long until the sun went down, and I thought, good sir, but I do not know for certain, that I marked a child, whoever the child was, that followed long-horned cattle— an infant who had a staff and kept walking from side to side: he was driving them backwards way, with their heads towards him.”

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English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.