Homer · The Homeric Hymns Ὁμηρικοὶ ὕμνοι

Homer, The Homeric Hymns 2.87–179: Hymn 2 to Demeter (2): Demeter at Eleusis

Angry with Zeus, Demeter leaves Olympus and wanders among men in the form of an old woman. At the Maiden Well in Eleusis she meets the four daughters of Celeus, who take her to their mother Metaneira, and she agrees to nurse Metaneira's late-born son.

Lines 2.87–179 · 944 words · click a number to copy its link
87τοῖς μεταναιετάειν, τῶν ἔλλαχε κοίρανος εἶναι. ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο· τοὶ δʼ ὑπʼ ὀμοκλῆς ῥίμφα φέρον θοὸν ἅρμα τανύπτεροι ὥστʼ οἰωνοί. 90Τὴν δʼ ἄχος αἰνότερον καὶ κύντερον ἵκετο θυμόν· χωσαμένη δὴ ἔπειτα κελαινεφέι Κρονίωνι νοσφισθεῖσα θεῶν ἀγορὴν καὶ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον ᾤχετʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπων πόλιας καὶ πίονα ἔργα εἶδος ἀμαλδύνουσα πολὺν χρόνον· οὐδέ τις ἀνδρῶν 95εἰσορόων γίγνωσκε βαθυζώνων τε γυναικῶν, πρίν γʼ ὅτε δὴ Κελεοῖο δαΐφρονος ἵκετο δῶμα, ὃς τότʼ Ἐλευσῖνος θυοέσσης κοίρανος ἦεν. ἕζετο δʼ ἐγγὺς ὁδοῖο φίλον τετιημένη ἦτορ, Παρθενίῳ φρέατι, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται, 100ἐν σκιῇ, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε πεφύκει θάμνος ἐλαίης, γρηὶ παλαιγενέι ἐναλίγκιος, ἥτε τόκοιο εἴργηται δώρων τε φιλοστεφάνου Ἀφροδίτης, οἷαί τε τροφοί εἰσι θεμιστοπόλων βασιλήων παίδων καὶ ταμίαι κατὰ δώματα ἠχήεντα. 105τὴν δὲ ἴδον Κελεοῖο Ἐλευσινίδαο θύγατρες ἐρχόμεναι μεθʼ ὕδωρ εὐήρυτον, ὄφρα φέροιεν κάλπισι χαλκείῃσι φίλα πρὸς δώματα πατρός, τέσσαρες, ὥστε θεαί, κουρήιον ἄνθος ἔχουσαι, Καλλιδίκη καὶ Κλεισιδίκη Δημώ τʼ ἐρόεσσα 110Καλλιθόη θʼ, ἣ τῶν προγενεστάτη ἦεν ἁπασῶν· οὐδʼ ἔγνον· χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ θνητοῖσιν ὁρᾶσθαι. ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμεναι ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδων· τίς πόθεν ἐσσί, γρῆυ, παλαιγενέων ἀνθρώπων; τίπτε δὲ νόσφι πόληος ἀπέστιχες, οὐδὲ δόμοισι 115πίλνασαι; ἔνθα γυναῖκες ἀνὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα τηλίκαι, ὡς σύ περ ὧδε καὶ ὁπλότεραι γεγάασιν, αἵ κέ σε φίλωνται ἠμὲν ἔπει ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργῳ.

So he spake, and called to his horses: and at his chiding they quickly whirled the swift chariot along, like long-winged birds. But grief yet more terrible and savage came into the heart of Demeter, and thereafter she was so angered with the dark-clouded Son of Cronos that she avoided the gathering of the gods and high Olympus, and went to the towns and rich fields of men, disfiguring her form a long while. And no one of men or deep-bosomed women knew her when they saw her, until she came to the house of wise Celeus who then was lord of fragrant Eleusis. Vexed in her dear heart, she sat near the wayside by the Maiden Well, from which the women of the place were used to draw water, in a shady place over which grew an olive shrub. And she was like an ancient woman who is cut off from childbearing and the gifts of garland-loving Aphrodite, like the nurses of kings' children who deal justice, or like the house-keepers in their echoing halls. There the daughters of Celeus, son of Eleusis, saw her, as they were coming for easy-drawn water, to carry it in pitchers of bronze to their dear father's house: four were they and like goddesses in the flower of their girlhood, Callidice and Cleisidice and lovely Demo and Callithoë who was the eldest of them all. They knew her not,—for the gods are not easily discerned by mortals—, but standing near by her spoke winged words: “Old mother, whence and who are you of folk born long ago? Why are you gone away from the city and do not draw near the houses? For there in the shady halls are women of just such age as you, and others younger; and they would welcome you both by word and by deed.”

118ὣς ἔφαν· ἣ δʼ ἐπέεσσιν ἀμείβετο πότνα θεάων· τέκνα φίλʼ, αἵ τινές ἐστε γυναικῶν θηλυτεράων, 120χαίρετʼ· ἐγὼ δʼ ὑμῖν μυθήσομαι· οὔ τοι ἀεικὲς ὑμῖν εἰρομένῃσιν ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι. Δωσὼ ἐμοί γʼ ὄνομʼ ἐστί· τὸ γὰρ θέτο πότνια μήτηρ. νῦν αὖτε Κρήτηθεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης ἤλυθον οὐκ ἐθέλουσα, βίῃ δʼ ἀέκουσαν ἀνάγκῃ 125ἄνδρες ληιστῆρες ἀπήγαγον. οἳ μὲν ἔπειτα νηὶ θοῇ Θόρικόνδε κατέσχεθον, ἔνθα γυναῖκες ἠπείρου ἐπέβησαν ἀολλέες ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοί, δεῖπνόν τʼ ἐπηρτύνοντο παρὰ πρυμνήσια νηός· ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ οὐ δόρποιο μελίφρονος ἤρατο θυμός· 130λάθρη δʼ ὁρμηθεῖσα διʼ ἠπείροιο μελαίνης φεῦγον ὑπερφιάλους σημάντορας, ὄφρα κε μή με ἀπριάτην περάσαντες ἐμῆς ἀποναίατο τιμῆς. οὕτω δεῦρʼ ἱκόμην ἀλαλημένη, οὐδέ τι οἶδα, ἥ τις δὴ γαῖʼ ἐστι καὶ οἵ τινες ἐγγεγάασιν. 135ἀλλʼ ὑμῖν μὲν πάντες Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες δοῖεν κουριδίους ἄνδρας, καὶ τέκνα τεκέσθαι, ὡς ἐθέλουσι τοκῆες· ἐμὲ δʼ αὖτʼ οἰκτείρατε, κοῦραι. τοῦτο δέ μοι σαφέως ὑποθήκατε, ὄφρα πύθωμαι, προφρονέως, φίλα τέκνα, τέων πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἵκωμαι ἀνέρος ἠδὲ γυναικός, ἵνα σφίσιν ἐργάζωμαι 140πρόφρων, οἷα γυναικὸς ἀφήλικος ἔργα τέτυκται· καί κεν παῖδα νεογνὸν ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσιν ἔχουσα καλὰ τιθηνοίμην καὶ δώματα τηρήσαιμι καί κε λέχος στορέσαιμι μυχῷ θαλάμων εὐπήκτων δεσπόσυνον καί κʼ ἔργα διδασκήσαιμι γυναῖκας.

Thus they said. And she, that queen among goddesses answered them saying: “Hail, dear children, whosoever you are of woman-kind. I will tell you my story; for it is not unseemly that I should tell you truly what you ask. Doso is my name, for my stately mother gave it me. And now I am come from Crete over the sea's wide back,—not willingly; but against my liking, by force of strength, pirates brought me thence. Afterwards they put in with their swift craft to Thoricus, and there the women landed on the shore in full throng and the men likewise, and they began to make ready a meal by the stern-cables of the ship. But my heart craved not pleasant food, and I fled secretly across the dark country and escaped my masters, that they should not take me unpurchased across the sea, there to win a price for me. And so I wandered and am come here: and I know not at all what land this is or what people are in it. But may all those who dwell on Olympus give you husbands and birth of children as parents desire, so you take pity on me, maidens, and show me this clearly that I may learn, dear children, to the house of what man and woman I may go, to work for them cheerfully at such tasks as belong to a woman of my age. Well could I nurse a new born child, holding him in my arms, or keep house, or spread my masters' bed in a recess of the well-built chamber, or teach the women their work.”

145φῆ ῥα θεά· τὴν δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμείβετο παρθένος ἀδμής, Καλλιδίκη, Κελεοῖο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστη· μαῖα, θεῶν μὲν δῶρα καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ τέτλαμεν ἄνθρωποι· δὴ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσι. ταῦτα δέ τοι σαφέως ὑποθήσομαι ἠδʼ ὀνομήνω 150ἀνέρας οἷσιν ἔπεστι μέγα κράτος ἐνθάδε τιμῆς δήμου τε προὔχουσιν ἰδὲ κρήδεμνα πόληος εἰρύαται βουλῇσι καὶ ἰθείῃσι δίκῃσιν· ἠμὲν Τριπτολέμου πυκιμήδεος ἠδὲ Διόκλου ἠδὲ Πολυξείνου καὶ ἀμύμονος Εὐμόλποιο 155καὶ Δολίχου καὶ πατρὸς ἀγήνορος ἡμετέροιο, τῶν πάντων ἄλοχοι κατὰ δώματα πορσαίνουσι· τάων οὐκ ἄν τίς σε κατὰ πρώτιστον ὀπωπὴν εἶδος ἀτιμήσασα δόμων ἀπονοσφίσσειεν, ἀλλά σε δέξονται· δὴ γὰρ θεοείκελός ἐσσι. 160εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον, ἵνα πρὸς δώματα πατρὸς ἔλθωμεν καὶ μητρὶ βαθυζώνῳ Μετανείρῃ εἴπωμεν τάδε πάντα διαμπερές, αἴ κέ σʼ ἀνώγῃ ἡμέτερόνδʼ ἰέναι μηδʼ ἄλλων δώματʼ ἐρευνᾶν. τηλύγετος δέ οἱ υἱὸς ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ 165ὀψίγονος τρέφεται, πολυεύχετος ἀσπάσιός τε. εἰ τόν γʼ ἐκθρέψαιο καὶ ἥβης μέτρον ἵκοιτο, ῥεῖά κέ τίς σε ἰδοῦσα γυναικῶν θηλυτεράων ζηλώσαι· τόσα κέν τοι ἀπὸ θρεπτήρια δοίη. ὣς ἔφαθʼ· ἣ δʼ ἐπένευσε καρήατι· ταὶ δὲ φαεινὰ 170πλησάμεναι ὕδατος φέρον ἄγγεα κυδιάουσαι. ῥίμφα δὲ πατρὸς ἵκοντο μέγαν δόμον, ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον, ὡς εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον. ἣ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα ἐλθούσας ἐκέλευε καλεῖν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονι μισθῷ. αἳ δʼ ὥστʼ ἢ ἔλαφοι ἢ πόρτιες εἴαρος ὥρῃ 175ἅλλοντʼ ἂν λειμῶνα κορεσσάμεναι φρένα φορβῇ, ὣς αἳ ἐπισχόμεναι ἑανῶν πτύχας ἱμεροέντων ἤιξαν κοίλην κατʼ ἀμαξιτόν· ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται ὤμοις ἀίσσοντο κροκηίῳ ἄνθει ὁμοῖαι. τέτμον δʼ ἐγγὺς ὁδοῦ κυδρὴν θεόν, ἔνθα πάρος περ

So said the goddess. And straightway the unwed maiden Callidice, goodliest in form of the daughters of Celeus, answered her and said: “Mother, what the gods send us, we mortals bear perforce, although we suffer; for they are much stronger than we. But now I will teach you clearly, telling you the names of men who have great power and honor here and are chief among the people, guarding our city's coif of towers by their wisdom and true judgements: there is wise Triptolemus and Dioclus and Polyxeinus and blameless Eumolpus and Dolichus and our own brave father. All these have wives who manage in the house, and no one of them, so soon as she had seen you, would dishonor you and turn you from the house, but they will welcome you; for indeed you are godlike. But if you will, stay here; and we will go to our father's house and tell Metaneira, our deep-bosomed mother, all this matter fully, that she may bid you rather come to our home than search after the houses of others. She has an only son, late-born, who is being nursed in our well-built house, a child of many prayers and welcome: if you could bring him up until he reached the full measure of youth, any one of womankind who should see you would straightway envy you, such gifts would our mother give for his upbringing.” So she spake: and the goddess bowed her head in assent. And they filled their shining vessels with water and carried them off rejoicing. Quickly they came to their father's great house and straightway told their mother according as they had heard and seen. Then she bade them go with all speed and invite the stranger to come for a measureless hire. As hinds or heifers in spring time, when sated with pasture, bound about a meadow, so they, holding up the folds of their lovely garments, darted down the hollow path, and their hair like a crocus flower streamed about their shoulders. And they found the good goddess near the wayside where they had left her before, and led her to the house of their dear father.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.