Homer · The Homeric Hymns Ὁμηρικοὶ ὕμνοι

Homer, The Homeric Hymns 3.300–439: Hymn 3 to Apollo (4): the she-dragon and the Cretan ship

At Crisa, under Mount Parnassus, Apollo shoots the monstrous she-dragon that has been a plague to men and flocks, and punishes the spring of Telphusa for deceiving him. He then looks for men to serve his temple, sees a ship of Cretans from Cnossos sailing to Pylos, and leaps aboard in the form of a dolphin to steer it to Crisa.

Lines 3.300–439 · 1433 words · click a number to copy its link
300ἀγχοῦ δὲ κρήνη καλλίρροος, ἔνθα δράκαιναν κτεῖνεν ἄναξ, Διὸς υἱός, ἀπὸ κρατεροῖο βιοῖο, ζατρεφέα, μεγάλην, τέρας ἄγριον, ἣ κακὰ πολλὰ ἀνθρώπους ἔρδεσκεν ἐπὶ χθονί, πολλὰ μὲν αὐτούς, πολλὰ δὲ μῆλα ταναύποδʼ, ἐπεὶ πέλε πῆμα δαφοινόν. 305καί ποτε δεξαμένη χρυσοθρόνου ἔτρεφεν Ἥρης δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε Τυφάονα, πῆμα βροτοῖσιν· ὅν ποτʼ ἄρʼ Ἥρη ἔτικτε χολωσαμένη Διὶ πατρί, ἥνικʼ ἄρα Κρονίδης ἐρικυδέα γείνατʼ Ἀθήνην ἐν κορυφῇ· ἣ δʼ αἶψα χολώσατο πότνια Ἥρη 310ἠδὲ καὶ ἀγρομένοισι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἔειπε· κέκλυτέ μευ, πάντες τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι, ὡς ἔμʼ ἀτιμάζειν ἄρχει νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς πρῶτος, ἐπεί μʼ ἄλοχον ποιήσατο κέδνʼ εἰδυῖαν· καὶ νῦν νόσφιν ἐμεῖο τέκε γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην, 315ἣ πᾶσιν μακάρεσσι μεταπρέπει ἀθανάτοισιν· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἠπεδανὸς γέγονεν μετὰ πᾶσι θεοῖσι παῖς ἐμὸς Ἥφαιστος, ῥικνὸς πόδας, ὃν τέκον αὐτή· [αἶσχος ἐμοὶ καὶ ὄνειδος ἐν οὐρανῷ ὅντε καὶ αὐτή] ῥῖψʼ ἀνὰ χερσὶν ἑλοῦσα καὶ ἔμβαλον εὐρέι πόντῳ· ἀλλά ἑ Νηρῆος θυγάτηρ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα 320δέξατο καὶ μετὰ ᾗσι κασιγνήτῃσι κόμισσεν. ὡς ὄφελʼ ἄλλο θεοῖσι χαρίζεσθαι μακάρεσσι. σχέτλιε, ποικιλομῆτα, τί νῦν μητίσεαι ἄλλο; πῶς ἔτλης οἶος τεκέειν γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην; οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ τεκόμην; καὶ σὴ κεκλημένη ἔμπης 325ἦα ῥʼ ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν, οἳ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσι. φράζεο νῦν μή τοί τι κακὸν μητίσομʼ ὀπίσσω. καὶ νῦν μέντοι ἐγὼ τεχνήσομαι, ὥς κε γένηται παῖς ἐμός, ὅς κε θεοῖσι μεταπρέποι ἀθανάτοισιν, οὔτε σὸν αἰσχύνασʼ ἱερὸν λέχος οὔτʼ ἐμὸν αὐτῆς. οὐδέ τοι εἰς εὐνὴν πωλήσομαι, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ σεῖο 330τηλόθʼ ἐοῦσα θεοῖσι μετέσσομαι ἀθανάτοισιν. ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπὸ νόσφι θεῶν κίε χωομένη κῆρ. αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτʼ ἠρᾶτο βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη, χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ δʼ ἔλασε χθόνα καὶ φάτο μῦθον· κέκλυτε νῦν μευ, Γαῖα καὶ Οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθεν 335Τιτῆνές τε θεοί, τοὶ ὑπὸ χθονὶ ναιετάοντες Τάρταρον ἀμφὶ μέγαν, τῶν ἒξ ἄνδρες τε θεοί τε· αὐτοὶ νῦν μευ πάντες ἀκούσατε καὶ δότε παῖδα νόσφι Διός, μηδέν τι βίην ἐπιδευέα κείνου· ἀλλʼ ὅ γε φέρτερος ἔστω, ὅσον Κρόνου εὐρύοπα Ζεύς. 340ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἵμασε χθόνα χειρὶ παχείῃ· κινήθη δʼ ἄρα Γαῖα φερέσβιος· ἣ δὲ ἰδοῦσα τέρπετο ὃν κατὰ θυμόν· ὀίετο γὰρ τελέεσθαι. ἐκ τούτου δὴ ἔπειτα τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν οὔτε πότʼ εἰς εὐνὴν Διὸς ἤλυθε μητιόεντος,

But near by was a sweet flowing spring, and there with his strong bow the lord, the son of Zeus, killed the bloated, great she-dragon, a fierce monster wont to do great mischief to men upon earth, to men themselves and to their thin-shanked sheep; for she was a very bloody plague. She it was who once received from gold-throned Hera and brought up fell, cruel Typhaon to be a plague to men. Once on a time Hera bare him because she was angry with father Zeus, when the Son of Cronos bare all-glorious Athena in his head. Thereupon queenly Hera was angry and spoke thus among the assembled gods: “Hear from me, all gods and goddesses, how cloud-gathering Zeus begins to dishonor me wantonly, when he has made me his true-hearted wife. See now, apart from me he has given birth to bright-eyed Athena who is foremost among all the blessed gods. But my son Hephaestus whom I bare was weakly among all the blessed gods and shrivelled of foot, a shame and a disgrace to me in heaven, whom I myself took in my hands and cast out so that he fell in the great sea. But silver-shod Thetis the daughter of Nereus took and cared for him with her sisters: would that she had done other service to the blessed gods! O wicked one and crafty! What else will you now devise? How dared you by yourself give birth to bright-eyed Athena? Would not I have borne you a child —I, who was at least called your wife among the undying gods who hold wide heaven. Beware now lest I devise some evil thing for you hereafter: yes, now I will contrive that a son be born me to be foremost among the undying gods —and that without casting shame on the holy bond of wedlock between you and me. And I will not come to your bed, but will consort with the blessed gods far off from you.” When she had so spoken, she went apart from the gods, being very angry. Then straightway large-eyed queenly Hera prayed, striking the ground flatwise with her hand, and speaking thus: “Hear now, I pray, Earth and wide Heaven above and you Titan gods who dwell beneath the earth about great Tartarus, and from whom are sprung both gods and men! Harken you now to me, one and all, and grant that I may bear a child apart from Zeus, no wit lesser than him in strength —nay, let him be as much stronger than Zeus as all-seeing Zeus than Cronos.” Thus she cried and lashed the earth with her strong hand. Then the life-giving earth was moved: and when Hera saw it she was glad in heart, for she thought her prayer would be fulfilled. And thereafter she never came to the bed of wise Zeus for a full year, nor to sit in her carved chair as aforetime to plan wise counsel for him, but stayed in her temples where many pray, and delighted in her offerings, large-eyed queenly Hera.

345οὔτε πότʼ ἐς θῶκον πολυδαίδαλον, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ αὐτῷ ἐφεζομένη πυκινὰς φραζέσκετο βουλάς· ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἐν νηοῖσι πολυλλίστοισι μένουσα τέρπετο οἷς ἱεροῖσι βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μῆνές τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐξετελεῦντο 350ἂψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, ἣ δʼ ἔτεκʼ οὔτε θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιον οὔτε βροτοῖσι, δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε Τυφάονα, πῆμα βροτοῖσιν. αὐτίκα τόνδε λαβοῦσα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη δῶκεν ἔπειτα φέρουσα κακῷ κακόν· ἣ δʼ ὑπέδεκτο. 355ὃς κακὰ πόλλʼ ἔρδεσκεν ἀγακλυτὰ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων· ὃς τῇ γʼ ἀντιάσειε, φέρεσκέ μιν αἴσιμον ἦμαρ, πρίν γέ οἱ ἰὸν ἐφῆκε ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων καρτερόν· ἣ δʼ ὀδύνῃσιν ἐρεχθομένη χαλεπῇσι κεῖτο μέγʼ ἀσθμαίνουσα κυλινδομένη κατὰ χῶρον. 360θεσπεσίη δʼ ἐνοπὴ γένετʼ ἄσπετος· ἣ δὲ καθʼ ὕλην πυκνὰ μάλʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἑλίσσετο, λεῖπε δὲ θυμὸν φοινὸν ἀποπνείουσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐπηύξατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν πύθευ ἐπὶ χθονὶ βωτιανείρῃ· οὐδὲ σύ γε ζώουσα κακὸν δήλημα βροτοῖσιν 365ἔσσεαι, οἳ γαίης πολυφόρβου καρπὸν ἔδοντες ἐνθάδʼ ἀγινήσουσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας· οὐδέ τί τοι θάνατόν γε δυσηλεγέʼ οὔτε Τυφωεὺς ἀρκέσει οὔτε Χίμαιρα δυσώνυμος, ἀλλά σέ γʼ αὐτοῦ πύσει Γαῖα μέλαινα καὶ ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων. 370ὣς φάτʼ ἐπευχόμενος· τὴν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε. τὴν δʼ αὐτοῦ κατέπυσʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἠελίοιο, ἐξ οὗ νῦν Πυθὼ κικλήσκεται· οἳ δὲ ἄνακτα Πύθιον ἀγκαλέουσιν ἐπώνυμον, οὕνεκα κεῖθι αὐτοῦ πῦσε πέλωρ μένος ὀξέος Ἠελίοιο. 375καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, οὕνεκά μιν κρήνη καλλίρροος ἐξαπάφησε· βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ Τελφούσῃ κεχολωμένος, αἶψα δʼ ἵκανε· στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε· Τελφοῦσʼ, οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλες ἐμὸν νόον ἐξαπαφοῦσα 380χῶρον ἔχουσʼ ἐρατὸν προρέειν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ. ἐνθάδε δὴ καὶ ἐμὸν κλέος ἔσσεται, οὐδὲ σὸν οἴης. ἦ καὶ ἐπὶ ῥίον ὦσε ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων πετραίῃς προχυτῇσιν, ἀπέκρυψεν δὲ ῥέεθρα καὶ βωμὸν ποιήσατʼ ἐν ἄλσεϊ δενδρήεντι, 385ἄγχι μάλα κρήνης καλλιρρόου· ἔνθαδʼ ἄνακτι πάντες ἐπίκλησιν Τελφουσίῳ εὐχετόωνται, οὕνεκα Τελφούσης ἱερῆς ᾔσχυνε ῥέεθρα. καὶ τότε δὴ κατὰ θυμὸν ἐφράζετο Φοῖβος Απόλλων, οὕστινας ἀνθρώπους ὀργείονας εἰσαγάγοιτο, 390οἳ θεραπεύσονται Πυθοῖ ἔνι πετρηέσσῃ· ταῦτʼ ἄρα ὁρμαίνων ἐνόησʼ ἐπὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ νῆα θοήν· ἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ἔσαν πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί, Κρῆτες ἀπὸ Κνωσοῦ Μινωίου, οἵ ῥα ἄνακτι ἱερά τε ῥέζουσι καὶ ἀγγέλλουσι θέμιστας

But when the months and days were fulfilled and the seasons duly came on as the earth moved round, she bare one neither like the gods nor mortal men, fell, cruel Typhaon, to be a plague to men. Straightway large-eyed queenly Hera took him and bringing one evil thing to another such, gave him to the dragoness; and she received him. And this Typhaon used to work great mischief among the famous tribes of men. Whosoever met the dragoness, the day of doom would sweep him away, until the lord Apollo, who deals death from afar, shot a strong arrow at her. Then she, rent with bitter pangs, lay drawing great gasps for breath and rolling about that place. An awful noise swelled up unspeakable as she writhed continually this way and that amid the wood: and so she left her life, breathing it forth in blood. Then Phoebus Apollo boasted over her: “Now rot here upon the soil that feeds man' You at least shall live no more to be a fell bane to men who eat the fruit of the all-nourishing earth, and who will bring hither perfect hecatombs. Against cruel death neither Typhoeus shall avail you nor ill-famed Chimera, but here shall the Earth and shining Hyperion make you rot.” Thus said Phoebus, exulting over her: and darkness covered her eyes. And the holy strength of Helios made her rot away there; wherefore the place is now called Pytho, and men call the lord Apollo by another name, Pythian; because on that spot the power of piercing Helios made the monster rot away. Then Phoebus Apollo saw that the sweet-flowing spring had beguiled him, and he started out in anger against Telphusa; and soon coming to her, he stood close by and spoke to her: “Telphusa, you were not, after all, to keep to yourself this lovely place by deceiving my mind, and pour forth your clear flowing water: here my renown shall also be and not yours alone?” Thus spoke the lord, far-working Apollo, and pushed over upon her a crag with a shower of rocks, hiding her streams: and he made himself an altar in a wooded grove very near the clear-flowing stream. In that place all men pray to the great one by the name Telphusian, because he humbled the stream of holy Telphusa. Then Phoebus Apollo pondered in his heart what men he should bring in to be his ministers in sacrifice and to serve him in rocky Pytho. And while he considered this, he became aware of a swift ship upon the wine-like sea in which were many men and goodly, Cretans from Cnossos, the city of Minos, they who do sacrifice to the prince and announce his decrees, whatsoever Phoebus Apollo, bearer of the golden blade, speaks in answer from his laurel tree below the dells of Parnassus.

395φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος χρυσαόρου, ὅττι κεν εἴπῃ χρείων ἐκ δάφνης γυάλων ὕπο Παρνησοῖο. οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ πρῆξιν καὶ χρήματα νηὶ μελαίνῃ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα Πυλοιγενέας τʼ ἀνθρώπους ἔπλεον· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι συνήντετο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· 400ἐν πόντῳ δʼ ἐπόρουσε δέμας δελφῖνι ἐοικὼς νηὶ θοῇ καὶ κεῖτο πέλωρ μέγα τε δεινόν τε· τῶν δʼ οὔτις κατὰ θυμὸν ἐπεφράσαθʼ ὥστε νοῆσαι [ἐκβάλλειν δʼ ἔθελον δελφῖνʼ· ὁ δὲ νῆα μέλαιναν] πάντοσʼ ἀνασσείσασκε, τίνασσε δὲ νήια δοῦρα. οἳ δʼ ἀκέων ἐνὶ νηὶ καθήατο δειμαίνοντες· 405οὐδʼ οἵ γʼ ὅπλʼ ἔλυον κοίλην ἀνὰ νῆα μέλαιναν, οὐδʼ ἔλυον λαῖφος νηὸς κυανοπρώροιο, ἀλλʼ ὡς τὰ πρώτιστα κατεστήσαντο βοεῦσιν, ὣς ἔπλεον· κραιπνὸς δὲ Νότος κατόπισθεν ἔπειγε νῆα θοήν· πρῶτον δὲ παρημείβοντο Μάλειαν, 410πὰρ δὲ Λακωνίδα γαῖαν ἁλιστέφανον πτολίεθρον ἷξον καὶ χῶρον τερψιμβρότου Ἠελίοιο, Ταίναρον, ἔνθα τε μῆλα βαθύτριχα βόσκεται αἰεὶ Ἠελίοιο ἄνακτος, ἔχει δʼ ἐπιτερπέα χῶρον. οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἔνθʼ ἔθελον νῆα σχεῖν ἠδʼ ἀποβάντες 415φράσσασθαι μέγα θαῦμα καὶ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι, εἰ μενέει νηὸς γλαφυρῆς δαπέδοισι πέλωρον ἢ εἰς οἶδμʼ ἅλιον πολυΐχθυον αὖτις ὀρούσει. ἀλλʼ οὐ πηδαλίοισιν ἐπείθετο νηῦς εὐεργής, ἀλλὰ παρὲκ Πελοπόννησον πίειραν ἔχουσα 420ἤιʼ ὁδόν· πνοιῇ δὲ ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων ῥηιδίως ἴθυνʼ· ἣ δὲ πρήσσουσα κέλευθον Ἀρήνην ἵκανε καὶ Ἀργυφέην ἐρατεινὴν καὶ Θρύον, Ἀλφειοῖο πόρον, καὶ ἐύκτιτον Αἶπυ καὶ Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα Πυλοιγενέας τʼ ἀνθρώπους. 425βῆ δὲ παρὰ Κρουνοὺς καὶ Χαλκίδα καὶ παρὰ Δύμην ἠδὲ παρʼ Ἤλιδα δῖαν, ὅθι κρατέουσιν Ἐπειοί. εὖτε Φερὰς ἐπέβαλλεν, ἀγαλλομένη Διὸς οὔρῳ, καί σφιν ὑπὲκ νεφέων Ἰθάκης τʼ ὄρος αἰπὺ πέφαντο Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμη τε καὶ ὑλήεσσα Ζάκυνθος. 430ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πελοπόννησον παρενίσατο πᾶσαν καὶ δὴ ἐπὶ Κρίσης κατεφαίνετο κόλπος ἀπείρων, ὅστε διὲκ Πελοπόννησον πίειραν ἐέργει· ἦλθʼ ἄνεμος Ζέφυρος μέγας, αἴθριος, ἐκ Διὸς αἴσης, λάβρος ἐπαιγίζων ἐξ αἰθέρος, ὄφρα τάχιστα 435νηῦς ἀνύσειε θέουσα θαλάσσης ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ. ἄψορροι δὴ ἔπειτα πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε ἔπλεον· ἡγεμόνευε δʼ ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων· ἷξον δʼ ἐς Κρίσην εὐδείελον, ἀμπελόεσσαν, ἐς λιμένʼ· ἣ δʼ ἀμάθοισιν ἐχρίμψατο ποντοπόρος νηῦς.

These men were sailing in their black ship for traffic and for profit to sandy Pylos and to the men of Pylos. But Phoebus Apollo met them: in the open sea he sprang upon their swift ship, like a dolphin in shape, and lay there, a great and awesome monster, and none of them gave heed so as to understand; but they sought to cast the dolphin overboard. But he kept shaking the black ship every way and making the timbers quiver. So they sat silent in their craft for fear, and did not loose the sheets throughout the black, hollow ship, nor lowered the sail of their dark-prowed vessel, but as they had set it first of all with oxhide ropes, so they kept sailing on; for a rushing south wind hurried on the swift ship from behind. First they passed by Malea, and then along the Laconian coast they came to Taenarum, sea-garlanded town and country of Helios who gladdens men, where the thick-fleeced sheep of the lord Helios feed continually and occupy a gladsome country. There they wished to put their ship to shore, and land and comprehend the great marvel and see with their eyes whether the monster would remain upon the deck of the hollow ship, or spring back into the briny deep where fishes shoal. But the well-built ship would not obey the helm, but went on its way all along Peloponnesus: and the lord, far-working Apollo, guided it easily with the breath of the breeze. So the ship ran on its course and came to Arena and lovely Argyphea and Thryon, the ford of Alpheus, and well-placed Aepy and sandy Pylos and the men of Pylos; past Cruni it went and Chalcis and past Dyme and fair Elis, where the Epei rule. And at the time when she was making for Pherae, exulting in the breeze from Zeus, there appeared to them below the clouds the steep mountain of Ithaca, and Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus. But when they were passed by all the coast of Peloponnesus, then, towards Crisa, that vast gulf began to heave in sight which through all its length cuts off the rich isle of Pelops. There came on them a strong, clear west-wind by ordinance of Zeus and blew from heaven vehemently, that with all speed the ship might finish coursing over the briny water of the sea. So they began again to voyage back towards the dawn and the sun: and the lord Apollo, son of Zeus, led them on until they reached far-seen Crisa, land of vines, and into haven: there the sea-coursing ship grounded on the sands.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914). Original text: Hugh G. Evelyn-White (ed.), Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.