Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 16.784–867: The death of Patroclus

Patroclus charges three times and kills nine men each time, but on the fourth Apollo strikes him from behind so that his helmet rolls under the horses' feet and his spear is broken. Euphorbus wounds him, and Hector drives a spear into his belly; as he dies, Patroclus tells him that Fate and Apollo have killed him, Euphorbus only the third, and that Hector's own death is near. Hector then goes after Automedon, but the immortal horses of Achilles carry him away.

Lines 16.784–867 · 967 words · click a number to copy its link
784τρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσε θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ 785σμερδαλέα ἰάχων, τρὶς δʼ ἐννέα φῶτας ἔπεφνεν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος, ἔνθʼ ἄρα τοι Πάτροκλε φάνη βιότοιο τελευτή· ἤντετο γάρ τοι Φοῖβος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ δεινός· ὃ μὲν τὸν ἰόντα κατὰ κλόνον οὐκ ἐνόησεν, 790ἠέρι γὰρ πολλῇ κεκαλυμμένος ἀντεβόλησε· στῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν, πλῆξεν δὲ μετάφρενον εὐρέε τʼ ὤμω χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ, στρεφεδίνηθεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε. τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κρατὸς κυνέην βάλε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· ἣ δὲ κυλινδομένη καναχὴν ἔχε ποσσὶν ὑφʼ ἵππων 795αὐλῶπις τρυφάλεια, μιάνθησαν δὲ ἔθειραι αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι· πάρος γε μὲν οὐ θέμις ἦεν ἱππόκομον πήληκα μιαίνεσθαι κονίῃσιν, ἀλλʼ ἀνδρὸς θείοιο κάρη χαρίεν τε μέτωπον ῥύετʼ Ἀχιλλῆος· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς Ἕκτορι δῶκεν 800ᾗ κεφαλῇ φορέειν, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦεν ὄλεθρος. πᾶν δέ οἱ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρὸν κεκορυθμένον· αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων ἀσπὶς σὺν τελαμῶνι χαμαὶ πέσε τερμιόεσσα.

Thrice then leapt he upon them, the peer of swift Ares, crying a terrible cry, and thrice he slew nine men. But when for the fourth time he rushed on, like a god, then for thee, Patroclus, did the end of life appear; for Phoebus met thee in the fierce conflict, an awful god. And Patroclus marked him not as he passed through the turmuoil, for enfolded in thick mist did he meet him; and Apollo took his stand behind him, and smote his back and broad shoulders with the flat of his hand, and his eyes were made to whirl. And from his head Phoebus Apollo smote the helmet, that rang as it rolled beneath the feet of the horses—the crested helm; and the plumes were befouled with blood and dust. Not until that hour had the gods suffered that helm with plume of horse-hair to be befouled with dust, but ever did it guard the head and comely brow of a godlike man, even of Achilles; but then Zeus vouchsafed it to Hector, to wear upon his head, yet was destruction near at hand for him. And in the hands of Patroclus the far-shadowing spear was wholly broken, the spear, heavy, and huge, and strong, and tipped with bronze; and from his shoulders the tasselled shield with its baldric fell to the ground, and his corselet did Apollo loose—the prince, the son of Zeus.

804λῦσε δέ οἱ θώρηκα ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων. 805τὸν δʼ ἄτη φρένας εἷλε, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα, στῆ δὲ ταφών· ὄπιθεν δὲ μετάφρενον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ ὤμων μεσσηγὺς σχεδόθεν βάλε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ Πανθοΐδης Εὔφορβος, ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε πόδεσσί τε καρπαλίμοισι· 810καὶ γὰρ δὴ τότε φῶτας ἐείκοσι βῆσεν ἀφʼ ἵππων πρῶτʼ ἐλθὼν σὺν ὄχεσφι διδασκόμενος πολέμοιο· ὅς τοι πρῶτος ἐφῆκε βέλος Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ οὐδὲ δάμασσʼ· ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ, ἐκ χροὸς ἁρπάξας δόρυ μείλινον, οὐδʼ ὑπέμεινε 815Πάτροκλον γυμνόν περ ἐόντʼ ἐν δηϊοτῆτι. Πάτροκλος δὲ θεοῦ πληγῇ καὶ δουρὶ δαμασθεὶς ἂψ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.

Then blindness seized his mind, and his glorious limbs were loosed beneath him, and he stood in a daze; and from behind him from close at hand a Dardanian smote him upon the back between the shoulders with a cast of his sharp spear, even Panthous' son, Euphorbus, that excelled all men of his years in casting the spear, and in horsemanship, and in speed of foot; and lo, twenty warriors had he already cast from their cars at his first coming with his chariot to learn his lesson of war. He it was that first hurled his spear at thee, knight Patroclus, yet subdued thee not; but he ran back again and mingled with the throng, when he had drawn forth the ashen spear from the flesh, and he abode not Patroclus, unarmed though he was, in the fray. But Patroclus, overcome by the stroke of the god and by the spear, drew back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding fate.

818Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Πατροκλῆα μεγάθυμον ἂψ ἀναχαζόμενον βεβλημένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, 820ἀγχίμολόν ῥά οἱ ἦλθε κατὰ στίχας, οὖτα δὲ δουρὶ νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε· δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, μέγα δʼ ἤκαχε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν· ὡς δʼ ὅτε σῦν ἀκάμαντα λέων ἐβιήσατο χάρμῃ, ὥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε μάχεσθον 825πίδακος ἀμφʼ ὀλίγης· ἐθέλουσι δὲ πιέμεν ἄμφω· πολλὰ δέ τʼ ἀσθμαίνοντα λέων ἐδάμασσε βίηφιν· ὣς πολέας πεφνόντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης σχεδὸν ἔγχεϊ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα, καί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· 830Πάτροκλʼ ἦ που ἔφησθα πόλιν κεραϊξέμεν ἁμήν, Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας ἄξειν ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν νήπιε· τάων δὲ πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν· ἔγχεϊ δʼ αὐτὸς 835Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισι μεταπρέπω, ὅ σφιν ἀμύνω ἦμαρ ἀναγκαῖον· σὲ δέ τʼ ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται.

But Hector, when he beheld great-souled Patroclus drawing back, smitten with the sharp bronze, came nigh him through the ranks, and smote him with a thrust of his spear in the nethermost belly, and drave the bronze clean through; and he fell with a thud, and sorely grieved the host of the Achaeans. And as a lion overmastereth in fight an untiring boar, when the twain fight with high hearts on the peaks of a mountain for a scant spring, wherefrom both are minded to drink: hard panteth the boar, yet the lion overcometh him by his might; even so from the valiant son of Menoetius, after he had slain many, did Hector, Priam's son, take life away, smiting him from close at hand with his spear. And vaunting over him he spake winged words: Patroclus, thou thoughtest, I ween, that thou wouldest sack our city, and from the women of Troy wouldest take the day of freedom, and bear them in thy ships to thy dear native land, thou fool. Nay, in front of them the swift horses of Hector stride forth to the fight, and with the spear I myself am pre-eminent among the war-loving Trojans, even I that ward from them the day of doom; but for thee, vultures shall devour thee here.

837ἆ δείλʼ, οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ὅς πού τοι μάλα πολλὰ μένων ἐπετέλλετʼ ἰόντι· μή μοι πρὶν ἰέναι Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε 840νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς πρὶν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο αἱματόεντα χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι. ὥς πού σε προσέφη, σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε. τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ· ἤδη νῦν Ἕκτορ μεγάλʼ εὔχεο· σοὶ γὰρ ἔδωκε 845νίκην Ζεὺς Κρονίδης καὶ Ἀπόλλων, οἵ με δάμασσαν ῥηιδίως· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο. τοιοῦτοι δʼ εἴ πέρ μοι ἐείκοσιν ἀντεβόλησαν, πάντές κʼ αὐτόθʼ ὄλοντο ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες. ἀλλά με μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καὶ Λητοῦς ἔκτανεν υἱός, 850ἀνδρῶν δʼ Εὔφορβος· σὺ δέ με τρίτος ἐξεναρίζεις. ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· οὔ θην οὐδʼ αὐτὸς δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιὴ χερσὶ δαμέντʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο. 855ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψε· ψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδος δὲ βεβήκει ὃν πότμον γοόωσα λιποῦσʼ ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην. τὸν καὶ τεθνηῶτα προσηύδα φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ· Πατρόκλεις τί νύ μοι μαντεύεαι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον; 860τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Θέτιδος πάϊς ἠϋκόμοιο φθήῃ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι; ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς εἴρυσε λὰξ προσβάς, τὸν δʼ ὕπτιον ὦσʼ ἀπὸ δουρός. αὐτίκα δὲ ξὺν δουρὶ μετʼ Αὐτομέδοντα βεβήκει 865ἀντίθεον θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο· ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι ἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.

Ah, poor wretch, even Achilles, for all his valour, availed thee not, who, I ween, though himself abiding behind, laid strait command upon thee, as thou wentest forth: Come not back, I charge thee, Patroclus, master of horsemen, to the hollow ships, till thou hast cloven about the breast of man-slaying Hector the tunic red with his blood. So, I ween, spake he to thee, and persuaded thy wits in thy witlessness. Then, thy strength all spent, didst thou answer him, knight Patroclus: For this time, Hector, boast thou mightily; for to thee have Zeus, the son of Cronos, and Apollo, vouchsafed victory, they that subdued me full easily, for of themselves they took the harness from my shoulders. But if twenty such as thou had faced me, here would all have perished, slain by my spear. Nay, it was baneful Fate and the son of Leto that slew me, and of men Euphorbus, while thou art the third in my slaying. And another thing will I tell thee, and do thou lay it to heart: verily thou shalt not thyself be long in life, but even now doth death stand hard by thee, and mighty fate, that thou be slain beneath the hands of Achilles, the peerless son of Aeacus. Even as he thus spake the end of death enfolded him; and his soul fleeting from his limbs was gone to Hades, bewailing her fate, leaving manliness and youth. And to him even in his death spake glorious Hector: Patroclus, wherefore dost thou prophesy for me sheer destruction? Who knows but that Achilles, the son of fair-tressed Thetis, may first be smitten by my spear, and lose his life? So saying, he drew forth the spear of bronze from the wound, setting his foot upon the dead, and thrust him backward from the spear. And forthwith he was gone with his spear after Automedon, the god-like squire of the swift-footed son of Aeacus, for he was fain to smite him; but his swift horses bare him away, the immortal horses that the gods gave as glorious gifts to Peleus.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.