Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 18.239–313: The Trojan assembly: Polydamas and Hector

At sunset the Trojans gather on the plain and stand, since none dares to sit, while Polydamas advises them to withdraw into the city and hold the walls rather than face Achilles. Hector rejects this, saying that he is weary of being shut up in Troy, and orders the Trojans to take their meal, set a watch and be ready at dawn. The Trojans applaud Hector rather than Polydamas, for Athena has taken away their wits.

Lines 18.239–313 · 927 words · click a number to copy its link
239Ἠέλιον δʼ ἀκάμαντα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη 240πέμψεν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοὰς ἀέκοντα νέεσθαι· ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ, παύσαντο δὲ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ φυλόπιδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο. Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης χωρήσαντες ἔλυσαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, 245ἐς δʼ ἀγορὴν ἀγέροντο πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι. ὀρθῶν δʼ ἑσταότων ἀγορὴ γένετʼ, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη ἕζεσθαι· πάντας γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς. τοῖσι δὲ Πουλυδάμας πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν 250Πανθοΐδης· ὃ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω· Ἕκτορι δʼ ἦεν ἑταῖρος, ἰῇ δʼ ἐν νυκτὶ γένοντο, ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ πολλὸν ἐνίκα· ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν· ἀμφὶ μάλα φράζεσθε φίλοι· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε 255ἄστυδε νῦν ἰέναι, μὴ μίμνειν ἠῶ δῖαν ἐν πεδίῳ παρὰ νηυσίν· ἑκὰς δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεός εἰμεν.

Then was the unwearying sun sent by ox-eyed, queenly Hera to go his way, full loath, to the stream of Ocean. So the sun set and the goodly Achaeans stayed them from the fierce strife and the evil war. And on their side, the Trojans, when they were come back from the fierce conflict, loosed from beneath their cars their swift horses, and gathered themselves in assembly or ever they bethought them to sup. Upon their feet they stood while the gathering was held, neither had any man heart to sit; for they all were holden of fear, seeing Achilles was come forth, albeit he had long kept him aloof from grievous battle. Then among them wise Polydamas was first to speak, the son of Panthous; for he alone looked at once before and after. Comrade was he of Hector, and in the one night were they born: howbeit in speech was one far the best, the other with the spear. He with good intent addressed their gathering, and spake among them: On both sides, my friends, bethink you well. For my own part I bid you return even now to the city, neither on the plain beside the ships await bright Dawn, for afar from the wall are we.

257ὄφρα μὲν οὗτος ἀνὴρ Ἀγαμέμνονι μήνιε δίῳ τόφρα δὲ ῥηΐτεροι πολεμίζειν ἦσαν Ἀχαιοί· χαίρεσκον γὰρ ἔγωγε θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύων 260ἐλπόμενος νῆας αἱρησέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας. νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα· οἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπέρβιος, οὐκ ἐθελήσει μίμνειν ἐν πεδίῳ, ὅθι περ Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐν μέσῳ ἀμφότεροι μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται, 265ἀλλὰ περὶ πτόλιός τε μαχήσεται ἠδὲ γυναικῶν. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ ἄστυ, πίθεσθέ μοι· ὧδε γὰρ ἔσται· νῦν μὲν νὺξ ἀπέπαυσε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα ἀμβροσίη· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε κιχήσεται ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντας αὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν 270γνώσεται· ἀσπασίως γὰρ ἀφίξεται Ἴλιον ἱρὴν ὅς κε φύγῃ, πολλοὺς δὲ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδονται Τρώων· αἲ γὰρ δή μοι ἀπʼ οὔατος ὧδε γένοιτο. εἰ δʼ ἂν ἐμοῖς ἐπέεσσι πιθώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ, νύκτα μὲν εἰν ἀγορῇ σθένος ἕξομεν, ἄστυ δὲ πύργοι 275ὑψηλαί τε πύλαι σανίδες τʼ ἐπὶ τῇς ἀραρυῖαι μακραὶ ἐΰξεστοι ἐζευγμέναι εἰρύσσονται· πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες στησόμεθʼ ἂμ πύργους· τῷ δʼ ἄλγιον, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἐλθὼν ἐκ νηῶν περὶ τείχεος ἄμμι μάχεσθαι.

As long as this man continued in wrath against goodly Agamemnon, even so long were the Achaeans easier to fight against; aye, and I too was glad, when hard by the swift ships I spent the night, in hope that we should take the curved ships. But now do I wondrously fear the swift-footed son of Peleus; so masterful is his spirit, he will not be minded to abide in the plain, where in the midst both Trojans and Achaeans share in the fury of Ares; but it is for our city that he will fight, and for our wives. Nay, let us go to the city; hearken ye unto me, for on this wise shall it be. For this present hath immortal night stayed the swift-footed son of Peleus, but if on the morrow he shall come forth in harness and light on us yet abiding here, full well shall many a one come to know him; for with joy shall he that escapeth win to sacred Ilios, and many of the Trojans shall the dogs and vultures devour—far from my ear be the tale thereof. But and if we hearken to my words for all we be loath, this night shall we keep our forces in the place of gathering, and the city shall be guarded by the walls and high gates and by the tall well-polished doors that are set therein, bolted fast. But in the morning at the coming of Dawn arrayed in our armour will we make our stand upon the walls; and the worse will it be for him, if he be minded to come forth from the ships and fight with us to win the wall.

280ἂψ πάλιν εἶσʼ ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους παντοίου δρόμου ἄσῃ ὑπὸ πτόλιν ἠλασκάζων· εἴσω δʼ οὔ μιν θυμὸς ἐφορμηθῆναι ἐάσει, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐκπέρσει· πρίν μιν κύνες ἀργοὶ ἔδονται. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· 285Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις, ὃς κέλεαι κατὰ ἄστυ ἀλήμεναι αὖτις ἰόντας. ἦ οὔ πω κεκόρησθε ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων; πρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πριάμοιο πόλιν μέροπες ἄνθρωποι πάντες μυθέσκοντο πολύχρυσον πολύχαλκον· 290νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐξαπόλωλε δόμων κειμήλια καλά, πολλὰ δὲ δὴ Φρυγίην καὶ Μῃονίην ἐρατεινὴν κτήματα περνάμενʼ ἵκει, ἐπεὶ μέγας ὠδύσατο Ζεύς. νῦν δʼ ὅτε πέρ μοι ἔδωκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω κῦδος ἀρέσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσί, θαλάσσῃ τʼ ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς, 295νήπιε μηκέτι ταῦτα νοήματα φαῖνʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ· οὐ γάρ τις Τρώων ἐπιπείσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω. ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω, πειθώμεθα πάντες. νῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι, καὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε, καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος· 300Τρώων δʼ ὃς κτεάτεσσιν ὑπερφιάλως ἀνιάζει, συλλέξας λαοῖσι δότω καταδημοβορῆσαι· τῶν τινὰ βέλτερόν ἐστιν ἐπαυρέμεν ἤ περ Ἀχαιούς. πρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα. 305εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν παρὰ ναῦφιν ἀνέστη δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, ἄλγιον αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι τῷ ἔσσεται· οὔ μιν ἔγωγε φεύξομαι ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην στήσομαι, ἤ κε φέρῃσι μέγα κράτος, ἦ κε φεροίμην. ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα. 310ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν νήπιοι· ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη. Ἕκτορι μὲν γὰρ ἐπῄνησαν κακὰ μητιόωντι, Πουλυδάμαντι δʼ ἄρʼ οὔ τις ὃς ἐσθλὴν φράζετο βουλήν.

Back again to his ships shall he hie him, when he hath given his horses, with high-arched necks, surfeit of coursing to and fro, as he driveth vainly beneath the city. But to force his way within will his heart not suffer him nor shall he lay it waste; ere that shall the swift dogs devour him. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows spake to him Hector of the flashing helm: Polydamas, this that thou sayest is no longer to my pleasure, seeing thou biddest us go back and be pent within the city. In good sooth have ye not yet had your fill of being pent within the walls? Of old all mortal men were wont to tell of Priam's city, for its wealth of gold, its wealth of bronze; but now are its goodly treasures perished from its homes, and lo, possessions full many have been sold away to Phrygia and lovely Maeonia, since great Zeus waxed wroth. But now, when the son of crooked-counselling Cronos hath vouchsafed me to win glory at the ships, and to pen the Achaeans, beside the sea, no longer, thou fool, do thou show forth counsels such as these among the folk. For not a man of the Trojans will hearken to thee; I will not suffer it. Nay, come; even as I shall bid, let us all obey: for this present take ye your supper throughout the host by companies, and take heed to keep watch, and be wakeful every man. And of the Trojans whoso is distressed beyond measure for his goods, let him gather them together and give them to the folk for them to feast thereon in common; better were it that they have profit thereof than the Achaeans. But in the morning, at the coming of Dawn, arrayed in our armour, let us arouse sharp battle at the hollow ships. But if in deed and in truth goodly Achilles is arisen by the ships, the worse shall it be for him, if he so will it. I verily will not flee from him out of dolorous war, but face to face will I stand against him, whether he shall win great victory, or haply I. Alike to all is the god of war, and lo, he slayeth him that would slay. So Hector addressed their gathering, and thereat the Trojans shouted aloud, fools that they were! for from them Pallas Athene took away their wits. To Hector they all gave praise in his ill advising, but Polydamas no man praised, albeit he devised counsel that was good.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.