Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 17.366–458: The fight in the mist; the horses of Achilles weep

While the rest of the armies fight at their ease in the sunlight, the men round Patroclus' body suffer in darkness and war, and they haul the corpse back and forth all day. Achilles, at the ships, does not yet know that Patroclus is dead, and Thrasymedes and Antilochus also know nothing. The horses of Achilles stand motionless and weeping for their charioteer, until Zeus pities them and puts strength into their knees so that they can carry Automedon out of the war.

Lines 17.366–458 · 1032 words · click a number to copy its link
366ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρός, οὐδέ κε φαίης οὔτέ ποτʼ ἠέλιον σῶν ἔμμεναι οὔτε σελήνην· ἠέρι γὰρ κατέχοντο μάχης ἐπί θʼ ὅσσον ἄριστοι ἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ κατατεθνηῶτι. 370οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ εὔκηλοι πολέμιζον ὑπʼ αἰθέρι, πέπτατο δʼ αὐγὴ ἠελίου ὀξεῖα, νέφος δʼ οὐ φαίνετο πάσης γαίης οὐδʼ ὀρέων· μεταπαυόμενοι δὲ μάχοντο ἀλλήλων ἀλεείνοντες βέλεα στονόεντα 375πολλὸν ἀφεσταότες. τοὶ δʼ ἐν μέσῳ ἄλγεʼ ἔπασχον ἠέρι καὶ πολέμῳ, τείροντο δὲ νηλέϊ χαλκῷ ὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἔσαν· δύο δʼ οὔ πω φῶτε πεπύσθην ἀνέρε κυδαλίμω Θρασυμήδης Ἀντίλοχός τε Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ἀμύμονος, ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἔφαντο 380ζωὸν ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι. τὼ δʼ ἐπιοσσομένω θάνατον καὶ φύζαν ἑταίρων νόσφιν ἐμαρνάσθην, ἐπεὶ ὣς ἐπετέλλετο Νέστωρ ὀτρύνων πόλεμον δὲ μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν.

So fought they like unto blazing fire, nor wouldst thou have deemed that sun or moon yet abode, for with darkness were they shrouded in the fight, all the chieftains that stood around the slain son of Menoetius. But the rest of the Trojans and the well-greaved Achaeans fought at their ease under clear air, and over them was spread the piercing brightness of the sun, and on all the earth and the mountains was no cloud seen; and they fought resting themselves at times, avoiding one another's shafts, fraught with groaning, and standing far apart. But those in the midst suffered woes by reason of the darkness and the war, and were sore distressed with the pitiless bronze, even all they that were chieftains. Howbeit two men that were famous warriors, even Thrasymedes and Antilochus, had not yet learned that peerless Patroclus was dead, but deemed that, yet alive, he was fighting with the Trojans in the forefront of the throng. And they twain, watching against the death and rout of their comrades, were warring in a place apart, for thus had Nestor bidden them, when he roused them forth to the battle from the black ships.

384τοῖς δὲ πανημερίοις ἔριδος μέγα νεῖκος ὀρώρει 385ἀργαλέης· καμάτῳ δὲ καὶ ἱδρῷ νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ γούνατά τε κνῆμαί τε πόδες θʼ ὑπένερθεν ἑκάστου χεῖρές τʼ ὀφθαλμοί τε παλάσσετο μαρναμένοιιν ἀμφʼ ἀγαθὸν θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ταύροιο βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην 390λαοῖσιν δώῃ τανύειν μεθύουσαν ἀλοιφῇ· δεξάμενοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε διαστάντες τανύουσι κυκλόσʼ, ἄφαρ δέ τε ἰκμὰς ἔβη, δύνει δέ τʼ ἀλοιφὴ πολλῶν ἑλκόντων, τάνυται δέ τε πᾶσα διὰ πρό· ὣς οἵ γʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα νέκυν ὀλίγῃ ἐνὶ χώρῃ 395εἵλκεον ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς Τρωσὶν μὲν ἐρύειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· περὶ δʼ αὐτοῦ μῶλος ὀρώρει ἄγριος· οὐδέ κʼ Ἄρης λαοσσόος οὐδέ κʼ Ἀθήνη τόν γε ἰδοῦσʼ ὀνόσαιτʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα μιν χόλος ἵκοι· 400τοῖον Ζεὺς ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ ἵππων ἤματι τῷ ἐτάνυσσε κακὸν πόνον· οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι ᾔδεε Πάτροκλον τεθνηότα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· πολλὸν γὰρ ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν μάρναντο θοάων τείχει ὕπο Τρώων· τό μιν οὔ ποτε ἔλπετο θυμῷ 405τεθνάμεν, ἀλλὰ ζωὸν ἐνιχριμφθέντα πύλῃσιν ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ἔλπετο πάμπαν ἐκπέρσειν πτολίεθρον ἄνευ ἕθεν, οὐδὲ σὺν αὐτῷ· πολλάκι γὰρ τό γε μητρὸς ἐπεύθετο νόσφιν ἀκούων, ἥ οἱ ἀπαγγέλλεσκε Διὸς μεγάλοιο νόημα.

So then the whole day through raged the great strife of their cruel fray, and with the sweat of toil were the knees and legs and feet of each man beneath him ever ceaselessly bedewed, and his arms and eyes, as the two hosts fought about the goodly squire of swift-footed Achilles. And as when a man giveth to his people the hide of a great bull for stretching, all drenched in fat, and when they have taken it, they stand in a circle and stretch it, and forthwith its moisture goeth forth and the fat entereth in under the tugging of many hands, and all the hide is stretched to the uttermost; even so they on this side and on that were haling the corpse hither and thither in scant space; and their hearts within them were full of hope, the Trojans that they might drag him to Ilios, but the Achaeans to the hollow ships; and around him the battle waxed wild, nor could even Ares, rouser of hosts, nor Athene, at sight of that strife have made light thereof, albeit their anger were exceeding great. Such evil toil of men and horses did Zeus on that day strain taut over Patroclus. Nor as yet did goodly Achilles know aught of Patroclus' death, for afar from the swift ships were they fighting beneath the wall of the Trojans. Wherefore Achilles never deemed in his heart that he was dead, but that he would return alive, after he had reached even to the gates; nor yet thought he this in any wise, that Patroclus would sack the city without him, nay, nor with him, for full often had he heard this from his mother, listening to her privily, whenso she brought him tidings of the purpose of great Zeus.

410δὴ τότε γʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπε κακὸν τόσον ὅσσον ἐτύχθη μήτηρ, ὅττί ῥά οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος. οἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ἀκαχμένα δούρατʼ ἔχοντες νωλεμὲς ἐγχρίμπτοντο καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον· ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων· 415ὦ φίλοι οὐ μὰν ἧμιν ἐϋκλεὲς ἀπονέεσθαι νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ γαῖα μέλαινα πᾶσι χάνοι· τό κεν ἧμιν ἄφαρ πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη εἰ τοῦτον Τρώεσσι μεθήσομεν ἱπποδάμοισιν ἄστυ πότι σφέτερον ἐρύσαι καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι. 420ὣς δέ τις αὖ Τρώων μεγαθύμων αὐδήσασκεν· ὦ φίλοι, εἰ καὶ μοῖρα παρʼ ἀνέρι τῷδε δαμῆναι πάντας ὁμῶς, μή πώ τις ἐρωείτω πολέμοιο. ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε, μένος δʼ ὄρσασκεν ἑκάστου. ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο, σιδήρειος δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς 425χάλκεον οὐρανὸν ἷκε διʼ αἰθέρος ἀτρυγέτοιο· ἵπποι δʼ Αἰακίδαο μάχης ἀπάνευθεν ἐόντες κλαῖον, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα πυθέσθην ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο.

Howbeit then his mother told him not how great an evil had been brought to pass, that his comrade, far the dearest, had been slain. But the others round about the corpse, with sharp spears in their hands, ever pressed on continually, and slew each other. And thus would one of the brazen-coated Achaeans say: Friends, no fair fame verily were it for us to return back to the hollow ships; nay, even here let the black earth gape for us all. That were for us straightway better far, if we are to yield this man to the Trojans, tamers of horses, to hale to their city, and win them glory. And thus in like manner would one of the great-hearted Trojans speak: Friends, though it be our fate all together to be slain beside this man, yet let none give backward from the fight. Thus would one speak and arouse the might of each. So they fought on, and the iron din went up through the unresting air to the brazen heaven. But the horses of the son of Aeacus being apart from the battle were weeping, since first they learned that their charioteer had fallen in the dust beneath the hands of man-slaying Hector.

429ἦ μὰν Αὐτομέδων Διώρεος ἄλκιμος υἱὸς 430πολλὰ μὲν ἂρ μάστιγι θοῇ ἐπεμαίετο θείνων, πολλὰ δὲ μειλιχίοισι προσηύδα, πολλὰ δʼ ἀρειῇ· τὼ δʼ οὔτʼ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἐπὶ πλατὺν Ἑλλήσποντον ἠθελέτην ἰέναι οὔτʼ ἐς πόλεμον μετʼ Ἀχαιούς, ἀλλʼ ὥς τε στήλη μένει ἔμπεδον, ἥ τʼ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ 435ἀνέρος ἑστήκῃ τεθνηότος ἠὲ γυναικός, ὣς μένον ἀσφαλέως περικαλλέα δίφρον ἔχοντες οὔδει ἐνισκίμψαντε καρήατα· δάκρυα δέ σφι θερμὰ κατὰ βλεφάρων χαμάδις ῥέε μυρομένοισιν ἡνιόχοιο πόθῳ· θαλερὴ δʼ ἐμιαίνετο χαίτη 440ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν ἀμφοτέρωθεν. μυρομένω δʼ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων, κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν· ἆ δειλώ, τί σφῶϊ δόμεν Πηλῆϊ ἄνακτι θνητῷ, ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐστὸν ἀγήρω τʼ ἀθανάτω τε; 445ἦ ἵνα δυστήνοισι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἄλγεʼ ἔχητον; οὐ μὲν γάρ τί πού ἐστιν ὀϊζυρώτερον ἀνδρὸς πάντων, ὅσσά τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει. ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν ὑμῖν γε καὶ ἅρμασι δαιδαλέοισιν Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης ἐποχήσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω. 450ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὡς καὶ τεύχεʼ ἔχει καὶ ἐπεύχεται αὔτως; σφῶϊν δʼ ἐν γούνεσσι βαλῶ μένος ἠδʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ, ὄφρα καὶ Αὐτομέδοντα σαώσετον ἐκ πολέμοιο νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· ἔτι γάρ σφισι κῦδος ὀρέξω κτείνειν, εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκωνται 455δύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ· ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐνέπνευσεν μένος ἠΰ. τὼ δʼ ἀπὸ χαιτάων κονίην οὖδας δὲ βαλόντε ῥίμφα φέρον θοὸν ἅρμα μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς.

In sooth Automedon, valiant son of Diores, full often plied them with blows of the swift lash, and full often with gentle words bespake them, and oft with threatenings; yet neither back to the ships to the broad Hellespont were the twain minded to go, not yet into the battle amid the Achaeans. Nay, as a pillar abideth firm that standeth on the tomb of a dead man or woman, even so abode they immovably with the beauteous car, bowing their heads down to the earth. And hot tears ever flowed from their eyes to the ground, as they wept in longing for their charioteer, and their rich manes were befouled, streaming from beneath the yoke-pad beside the yoke on this aide and on that. And as they mourned, the son of Cronos had sight of them and was touched with pity, and he shook his head, and thus spake unto his own heart: Ah unhappy pair, wherefore gave we you to king Peleus, to a mortal, while ye are ageless and immortal? Was it that among wretched men ye too should have sorrows? For in sooth there is naught, I ween, more miserable than man among all things that breathe and move upon earth. Yet verily not upon you and your car, richly-dight, shall Hector, Priam's son, mount; that will I not suffer. Sufficeth it not that he hath the armour and therewithal vaunteth him vainly? Nay, in your knees and in your heart will I put strength, to the end that ye may also bear Automedon safe out of the war to the hollow ships; for still shall I vouchsafe glory to the Trojans, to slay and slay, until they come to the well-benched ships, and the sun sets and sacred darkness cometh on. So saying he breathed great might into the horses. And the twain shook the dust from their manes to the ground, and fleetly bare the swift car amid the Trojans and Achaeans.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.