Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 18.541–617: The Shield of Achilles (2): field, vineyard, herds and dance

Hephaestus also shows on the shield a ploughed field with ploughmen who receive cups of wine at the end of each furrow, a king's estate with reapers and binders, and a vineyard with grape-gatherers and a boy playing the lyre. Two lions attack a herd of cattle by the river, and there is a pasture of sheep and a dancing-floor like the one Daedalus made for Ariadne, with youths and maidens dancing. Round the rim he sets the great stream of Ocean, and when the shield is done he makes a corselet, a helmet and greaves and lays them before Thetis.

Lines 18.541–617 · 795 words · click a number to copy its link
541ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει νειὸν μαλακὴν πίειραν ἄρουραν εὐρεῖαν τρίπολον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἀροτῆρες ἐν αὐτῇ ζεύγεα δινεύοντες ἐλάστρεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα. οἳ δʼ ὁπότε στρέψαντες ἱκοίατο τέλσον ἀρούρης, 545τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐν χερσὶ δέπας μελιηδέος οἴνου δόσκεν ἀνὴρ ἐπιών· τοὶ δὲ στρέψασκον ἀνʼ ὄγμους, ἱέμενοι νειοῖο βαθείης τέλσον ἱκέσθαι. ἣ δὲ μελαίνετʼ ὄπισθεν, ἀρηρομένῃ δὲ ἐῴκει, χρυσείη περ ἐοῦσα· τὸ δὴ περὶ θαῦμα τέτυκτο. 550ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει τέμενος βασιλήϊον· ἔνθα δʼ ἔριθοι ἤμων ὀξείας δρεπάνας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες. δράγματα δʼ ἄλλα μετʼ ὄγμον ἐπήτριμα πῖπτον ἔραζε, ἄλλα δʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐν ἐλλεδανοῖσι δέοντο. τρεῖς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐφέστασαν· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε 555παῖδες δραγμεύοντες ἐν ἀγκαλίδεσσι φέροντες ἀσπερχὲς πάρεχον· βασιλεὺς δʼ ἐν τοῖσι σιωπῇ σκῆπτρον ἔχων ἑστήκει ἐπʼ ὄγμου γηθόσυνος κῆρ. κήρυκες δʼ ἀπάνευθεν ὑπὸ δρυῒ δαῖτα πένοντο, βοῦν δʼ ἱερεύσαντες μέγαν ἄμφεπον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες 560δεῖπνον ἐρίθοισιν λεύκʼ ἄλφιτα πολλὰ πάλυνον.

Therein he set also soft fallow-land, rich tilth and wide, that was three times ploughed; and ploughers full many therein were wheeling their yokes and driving them this way and that. And whensoever after turning they came to the headland of the field, then would a man come forth to each and give into his hands a cup of honey-sweet wine; and the ploughmen would turn them in the furrows, eager to reach the headland of the deep tilth. And the field grew black behind and seemed verily as it had been ploughed, for all that it was of gold; herein was the great marvel of the work. Therein he set also a king's demesne-land, wherein labourers were reaping, bearing sharp sickles in their hands. Some handfuls were falling in rows to the ground along the swathe, while others the binders of sheaves were binding with twisted ropes of straw. Three binders stood hard by them, while behind them boys would gather the handfuls, and bearing them in their arms would busily give them to the binders; and among them the king, staff in hand, was standing in silence at the swathe, joying in his heart. And heralds apart beneath an oak were making ready a feast, and were dressing a great ox they had slain for sacrifice; and the women sprinkled the flesh with white barley in abundance, for the workers' mid-day meal.

561ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει σταφυλῇσι μέγα βρίθουσαν ἀλωὴν καλὴν χρυσείην· μέλανες δʼ ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν, ἑστήκει δὲ κάμαξι διαμπερὲς ἀργυρέῃσιν. ἀμφὶ δὲ κυανέην κάπετον, περὶ δʼ ἕρκος ἔλασσε 565κασσιτέρου· μία δʼ οἴη ἀταρπιτὸς ἦεν ἐπʼ αὐτήν, τῇ νίσοντο φορῆες ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν. παρθενικαὶ δὲ καὶ ἠΐθεοι ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισι φέρον μελιηδέα καρπόν. τοῖσιν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι πάϊς φόρμιγγι λιγείῃ 570ἱμερόεν κιθάριζε, λίνον δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδε λεπταλέῃ φωνῇ· τοὶ δὲ ῥήσσοντες ἁμαρτῇ μολπῇ τʼ ἰυγμῷ τε ποσὶ σκαίροντες ἕποντο. ἐν δʼ ἀγέλην ποίησε βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων· αἳ δὲ βόες χρυσοῖο τετεύχατο κασσιτέρου τε, 575μυκηθμῷ δʼ ἀπὸ κόπρου ἐπεσσεύοντο νομὸν δὲ πὰρ ποταμὸν κελάδοντα, παρὰ ῥοδανὸν δονακῆα. χρύσειοι δὲ νομῆες ἅμʼ ἐστιχόωντο βόεσσι τέσσαρες, ἐννέα δέ σφι κύνες πόδας ἀργοὶ ἕποντο. σμερδαλέω δὲ λέοντε δύʼ ἐν πρώτῃσι βόεσσι 580ταῦρον ἐρύγμηλον ἐχέτην· ὃ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκὼς ἕλκετο· τὸν δὲ κύνες μετεκίαθον ἠδʼ αἰζηοί.

Therein he set also a vineyard heavily laden with clusters, a vineyard fair and wrought of gold; black were the grapes, and the vines were set up throughout on silver poles. And around it he drave a trench of cyanus, and about that a fence of tin; and one single path led thereto, whereby the vintagers went and came, whensoever they gathered the vintage. And maidens and youths in childish glee were bearing the honey-sweet fruit in wicker baskets. And in their midst a boy made pleasant music with a clear-toned lyre, and thereto sang sweetly the Linos-song with his delicate voice; and his fellows beating the earth in unison therewith followed on with bounding feet mid dance and shoutings. And therein he wrought a herd of straight-horned kine: the kine were fashioned of gold and tin, and with lowing hasted they forth from byre to pasture beside the sounding river, beside the waving reed. And golden were the herdsmen that walked beside the kine, four in number, and nine dogs swift of foot followed after them. But two dread lions amid the foremost kine were holding a loud-lowing bull, and he, bellowing mightily, was haled of them, while after him pursued the dogs and young men.

582τὼ μὲν ἀναρρήξαντε βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην ἔγκατα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα λαφύσσετον· οἳ δὲ νομῆες αὔτως ἐνδίεσαν ταχέας κύνας ὀτρύνοντες. 585οἳ δʼ ἤτοι δακέειν μὲν ἀπετρωπῶντο λεόντων, ἱστάμενοι δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ὑλάκτεον ἔκ τʼ ἀλέοντο. ἐν δὲ νομὸν ποίησε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις ἐν καλῇ βήσσῃ μέγαν οἰῶν ἀργεννάων, σταθμούς τε κλισίας τε κατηρεφέας ἰδὲ σηκούς. 590ἐν δὲ χορὸν ποίκιλλε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, τῷ ἴκελον οἷόν ποτʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσῷ εὐρείῃ Δαίδαλος ἤσκησεν καλλιπλοκάμῳ Ἀριάδνῃ. ἔνθα μὲν ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι ἀλφεσίβοιαι ὀρχεῦντʼ ἀλλήλων ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔχοντες. 595τῶν δʼ αἳ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατʼ ἐϋννήτους, ἦκα στίλβοντας ἐλαίῳ· καί ῥʼ αἳ μὲν καλὰς στεφάνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ μαχαίρας εἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων. οἳ δʼ ὁτὲ μὲν θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι 600ῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις τροχὸν ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσιν ἑζόμενος κεραμεὺς πειρήσεται, αἴ κε θέῃσιν· ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖ θρέξασκον ἐπὶ στίχας ἀλλήλοισι. πολλὸς δʼ ἱμερόεντα χορὸν περιίσταθʼ ὅμιλος τερπόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφιν ἐμέλπετο θεῖος ἀοιδὸς 605φορμίζων· δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατʼ αὐτοὺς μολπῆς ἐξάρχοντες ἐδίνευον κατὰ μέσσους. ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει ποταμοῖο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο ἄντυγα πὰρ πυμάτην σάκεος πύκα ποιητοῖο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε, 610τεῦξʼ ἄρα οἱ θώρηκα φαεινότερον πυρὸς αὐγῆς, τεῦξε δέ οἱ κόρυθα βριαρὴν κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν καλὴν δαιδαλέην, ἐπὶ δὲ χρύσεον λόφον ἧκε, τεῦξε δέ οἱ κνημῖδας ἑανοῦ κασσιτέροιο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθʼ ὅπλα κάμε κλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, 615μητρὸς Ἀχιλλῆος θῆκε προπάροιθεν ἀείρας. ἣ δʼ ἴρηξ ὣς ἆλτο κατʼ Οὐλύμπου νιφόεντος τεύχεα μαρμαίροντα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο φέρουσα.

The lions twain had rent the hide of the great bull, and were devouring the inward parts and the black blood, while the herdsmen vainly sought to fright them, tarring on the swift hounds. Howbeit these shrank from fastening on the lions, but stood hard by and barked and sprang aside. Therein also the famed god of the two strong arms wrought a pasture in a fair dell, a great pasture of white-fleeced sheep, and folds, and roofed huts, and pens. Therein furthermore the famed god of the two strong arms cunningly wrought a dancing-floor like unto that which in wide Cnosus Daedalus fashioned of old for fair-tressed Ariadne. There were youths dancing and maidens of the price of many cattle, holding their hands upon the wrists one of the other. Of these the maidens were clad in fine linen, while the youths wore well-woven tunics faintly glistening with oil; and the maidens had fair chaplets, and the youths had daggers of gold hanging from silver baldrics. Now would they run round with cunning feet exceeding lightly, as when a potter sitteth by his wheel that is fitted between his hands and maketh trial of it whether it will run; and now again would they run in rows toward each other. And a great company stood around the lovely dance, taking joy therein; and two tumblers whirled up and down through the midst of them as leaders in the dance. Therein he set also the great might of the river Oceanus, around the uttermost rim of the strongly-wrought shield. But when he had wrought the shield, great and sturdy, then wrought he for him a corselet brighter than the blaze of fire, and he wrought for him a heavy helmet, fitted to his temples, a fair helm, richly-dight, and set thereon a crest of gold; and he wrought him greaves of pliant tin. But when the glorious god of the two strong arms had fashioned all the armour, he took and laid it before the mother of Achilles. And like a falcon she sprang down from snowy Olympus, bearing the flashing armour from Hephaestus.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 18, lines 541–617: The Shield of Achilles (2)