Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 19.154–275: The gifts and the oath: Briseis is returned

Achilles says that Agamemnon may give the gifts or keep them, since he wants only to fight. Odysseus advises that the men first take food, since a man cannot fight fasting, and the gifts are brought to the middle of the assembly. Agamemnon swears by Zeus that he never lay with Briseis and sacrifices a boar, and Achilles accepts.

Lines 19.154–275 · 1351 words · click a number to copy its link
154τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· 155μὴ δʼ οὕτως, ἀγαθός περ ἐών, θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ νήστιας ὄτρυνε προτὶ Ἴλιον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Τρωσὶ μαχησομένους, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ὀλίγον χρόνον ἔσται φύλοπις, εὖτʼ ἂν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες ἀνδρῶν, ἐν δὲ θεὸς πνεύσῃ μένος ἀμφοτέροισιν. 160ἀλλὰ πάσασθαι ἄνωχθι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιοὺς σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο· τὸ γὰρ μένος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλκή. οὐ γὰρ ἀνὴρ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα ἄκμηνος σίτοιο δυνήσεται ἄντα μάχεσθαι· εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, 165ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται, ἠδὲ κιχάνει δίψά τε καὶ λιμός, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατʼ ἰόντι. ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ οἴνοιο κορεσσάμενος καὶ ἐδωδῆς ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πανημέριος πολεμίζῃ, θαρσαλέον νύ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, οὐδέ τι γυῖα 170πρὶν κάμνει πρὶν πάντας ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο. ἀλλʼ ἄγε λαὸν μὲν σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι ὅπλεσθαι· τὰ δὲ δῶρα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων οἰσέτω ἐς μέσσην ἀγορήν, ἵνα πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωσι, σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ σῇσιν ἰανθῇς.

Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said: Nay, valiant though thou art, godlike Achilles, urge not on this wise the sons of the Achaeans to go fasting against Ilios to do battle with the men of Troy, since not for a short space shall the battle last when once the ranks of men are met and the god breathes might into either host. But bid thou the Achaeans by their swift ships to taste of food and wine; since therein is courage and strength. For there is no man that shall be able the whole day long until set of sun to fight against the foe, fasting the while from food; for though in his heart he be eager for battle, yet his limbs wax heavy unawares and thirst cometh upon him and hunger withal, and his knees grow weary as he goeth. But whoso, having had his fill of wine and food, fighteth the whole day long against the foemen, lo, his heart within him is of good cheer, and his limbs wax not weary until all withdraw them from battle. Come then, dismiss thou the host, and bid them make ready their meal. And as touching the gifts, let Agamemnon, king of men, bring them forth into the midst of the place of gathering, that all the Achaeans may behold them with their eyes, and thou be made glad at heart.

175ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἀναστὰς μή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι· ἣ θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ ἤ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν· καὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἵλαος ἔστω. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτά σε δαιτὶ ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἀρεσάσθω 180πιείρῃ, ἵνα μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευὲς ἔχῃσθα. Ἀτρεΐδη σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ ἔσσεαι. οὐ μὲν γάρ τι νεμεσσητὸν βασιλῆα ἄνδρʼ ἀπαρέσσασθαι ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· 185χαίρω σεῦ Λαερτιάδη τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας· ἐν μοίρῃ γὰρ πάντα διίκεο καὶ κατέλεξας. ταῦτα δʼ ἐγὼν ἐθέλω ὀμόσαι, κέλεται δέ με θυμός, οὐδʼ ἐπιορκήσω πρὸς δαίμονος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς μιμνέτω αὐτόθι τεῖος ἐπειγόμενός περ Ἄρηος· 190μίμνετε δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ἀολλέες, ὄφρά κε δῶρα ἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ τάμωμεν. σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ τόδʼ ἐγὼν ἐπιτέλλομαι ἠδὲ κελεύω· κρινάμενος κούρητας ἀριστῆας Παναχαιῶν δῶρα ἐμῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν, ὅσσʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ 195χθιζὸν ὑπέστημεν δώσειν, ἀγέμεν τε γυναῖκας.

And let him rise up in the midst of the Argives and swear to thee an oath, that never hath he gone up into the woman's bed neither had dalliance with her, as is the appointed way, O king, of men and of women; and let the heart in thine own breast be open to appeasement. Thereafter let him make amends to thee in his hut with a feast full rich, that thou mayest have nothing lacking of thy due. Son of Atreus, towards others also shalt thou be more righteous hereafter; for in no wise is it blame for a king to make amends to another, if so be he wax wroth without a cause. To him then spake again the king of men, Agamemnon: Glad am I, son of Laertes, to hear thy words, for duly hast thou set forth the whole matter, an told the tale thereof. This oath am I ready to swear, and my heart biddeth me thereto, nor shall I forswear myself before the god. But let Achilles abide here the while, eager though he be for war, and abide all ye others together, until the gifts be brought from my hut, and we make oaths of faith with sacrifice. And to thine own self do I thus give charge and commandment: Choose thee young men, princes of the host of the Achaeans, and bear from my ship the gifts even all that we promised yesternight to give Achilles, and bring the women withal.

196Ταλθύβιος δέ μοι ὦκα κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν κάπρον ἑτοιμασάτω ταμέειν Διί τʼ Ἠελίῳ τε. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον 200ἄλλοτέ περ καὶ μᾶλλον ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι, ὁππότε τις μεταπαυσωλὴ πολέμοιο γένηται καὶ μένος οὐ τόσον ᾖσιν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσι. νῦν δʼ οἳ μὲν κέαται δεδαϊγμένοι, οὓς ἐδάμασσεν Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν, 205ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐς βρωτὺν ὀτρύνετον· ἦ τʼ ἂν ἔγωγε νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν νήστιας ἀκμήνους, ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι τεύξεσθαι μέγα δόρπον, ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην. πρὶν δʼ οὔ πως ἂν ἔμοιγε φίλον κατὰ λαιμὸν ἰείη 210οὐ πόσις οὐδὲ βρῶσις ἑταίρου τεθνηῶτος ὅς μοι ἐνὶ κλισίῃ δεδαϊγμένος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ κεῖται ἀνὰ πρόθυρον τετραμμένος, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι μύρονται· τό μοι οὔ τι μετὰ φρεσὶ ταῦτα μέμηλεν, ἀλλὰ φόνος τε καὶ αἷμα καὶ ἀργαλέος στόνος ἀνδρῶν.

And let Talthybius forthwith make me ready a boar in the midst of the wide camp of the Achaeans, to sacrifice to Zeus and to the Sun. But swift-footed Achilles answered him, and said: Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon, king of men, at some other time were it e'en better that ye be busied thus, when haply there shall come between some pause in war, and the fury in my breast be not so great. Now are they lying mangled, they that Hector, son of Priam, slew, Zeus vouch-safed him glory, and ye twain are bidding us to meat! Verily for mine own part would I even now bid the sons of the Achaeans do battle fasting and unfed, and at set of sun make them ready a mighty meal, when we shall have avenged the shame. Till that shall be, down my throat, at least, neither drink nor food shall pass, seeing my comrade is dead, who in my hut lieth mangled by the sharp bronze, his feet turned toward the door, while round about him our comrades mourn; wherefore it is nowise on these things that my heart is set, but on slaying, and blood, and the grievous groanings of men.

215τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν, κρείσσων εἰς ἐμέθεν καὶ φέρτερος οὐκ ὀλίγον περ ἔγχει, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην πολλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα. 220τώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κραδίη μύθοισιν ἐμοῖσιν. αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν, ἧς τε πλείστην μὲν καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν, ἄμητος δʼ ὀλίγιστος, ἐπὴν κλίνῃσι τάλαντα Ζεύς, ὅς τʼ ἀνθρώπων ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται. 225γαστέρι δʼ οὔ πως ἔστι νέκυν πενθῆσαι Ἀχαιούς· λίην γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπήτριμοι ἤματα πάντα πίπτουσιν· πότε κέν τις ἀναπνεύσειε πόνοιο; ἀλλὰ χρὴ τὸν μὲν καταθάπτειν ὅς κε θάνῃσι νηλέα θυμὸν ἔχοντας ἐπʼ ἤματι δακρύσαντας· 230ὅσσοι δʼ ἂν πολέμοιο περὶ στυγεροῖο λίπωνται μεμνῆσθαι πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι μαχώμεθα νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ ἑσσάμενοι χροῒ χαλκὸν ἀτειρέα. μηδέ τις ἄλλην λαῶν ὀτρυντὺν ποτιδέγμενος ἰσχαναάσθω· 235ἥδε γὰρ ὀτρυντὺς κακὸν ἔσσεται ὅς κε λίπηται νηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων· ἀλλʼ ἀθρόοι ὁρμηθέντες Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.

Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, and said: O Achilles, son of Peleus, far the mightiest of the Achaeans, better art thou than I and mightier not a little with the spear, howbeit in counsel might I surpass thee by far, seeing I am the elder-born and know the more; wherefore let thine heart endure to hearken to my words. Quickly have men surfeit of battle, wherein the bronze streweth most straw upon the ground, albeit the harvest is scantiest, whenso Zeus inclineth his balance, he that is for men the dispenser of battle. But with the belly may it nowise be that the Achaeans should mourn a corpse, for full many are ever falling one after another day by day; when then could one find respite from toil? Nay, it behoveth to bury him that is slain, steeling our hearts and weeping but the one day's space; but all they that are left alive from hateful war must needs bethink them of drink and of food, to the end that yet the more we may fight with the foemen ever incessantly, clothed about with stubborn bronze. And let no man of all the host hold back awaiting other summons beside, for the summons is this: Ill shall it be for him whoso is left at the ships of the Argives. Nay, setting out in one throng let us rouse keen battle against the horse-taming Trojans.

238ἦ, καὶ Νέστορος υἷας ὀπάσσατο κυδαλίμοιο Φυλεΐδην τε Μέγητα Θόαντά τε Μηριόνην τε 240καὶ Κρειοντιάδην Λυκομήδεα καὶ Μελάνιππον· βὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο. αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ἅμα μῦθος ἔην, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον· ἑπτὰ μὲν ἐκ κλισίης τρίποδας φέρον, οὕς οἱ ὑπέστη, αἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους· 245ἐκ δʼ ἄγον αἶψα γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας ἕπτʼ, ἀτὰρ ὀγδοάτην Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον. χρυσοῦ δὲ στήσας Ὀδυσεὺς δέκα πάντα τάλαντα ἦρχʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι δῶρα φέρον κούρητες Ἀχαιῶν. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃ ἀγορῇ θέσαν, ἂν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων 250ἵστατο· Ταλθύβιος δὲ θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδὴν κάπρον ἔχων ἐν χερσὶ παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν. Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν, ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο, κάπρου ἀπὸ τρίχας ἀρξάμενος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν 255εὔχετο· τοὶ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτόφιν εἵατο σιγῇ Ἀργεῖοι κατὰ μοῖραν ἀκούοντες βασιλῆος.

He spake, and took to him the sons of glorious Nestor, and Meges, son of Phyleus, and Thoas and Meriones and Lycomedes, son of Creon, and Melanippus; and they went their way to the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus. Then straightway in the one moment was the word said, and the deed fulfilled. Seven tripods bare they from the hut, even as he promised him, and twenty gleaming cauldrons and twelve horses; and forth they speedily led women skilled in goodly handiwork; seven they were, and the eighth was fair-cheeked Briseis. Then Odysseus weighed out ten talents of gold in all, and led the way and with him the other youths of the Achaeans bare the gifts. These then they set in the midst of the place of gathering, and Agamemnon rose up, and Talthybius, whose voice was like a god's, took his stand by the side of the shepherd of the people, holding a boar in his hands. And the son of Atreus drew forth with his hand the knife that ever hung beside the great sheath of his sword, and cut the firstling hairs from the boar, and lifting up his hands made prayer to Zeus; and all the Argives sat thereby in silence, hearkening as was meet unto the king.

257εὐξάμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν· ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες, αἵ θʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν 260ἀνθρώπους τίνυνται, ὅτις κʼ ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ, μὴ μὲν ἐγὼ κούρῃ Βρισηΐδι χεῖρʼ ἐπένεικα, οὔτʼ εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος οὔτέ τευ ἄλλου. ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀπροτίμαστος ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐμῇσιν. εἰ δέ τι τῶνδʼ ἐπίορκον ἐμοὶ θεοὶ ἄλγεα δοῖεν 265πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα διδοῦσιν ὅτίς σφʼ ἀλίτηται ὀμόσσας. ἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ στόμαχον κάπρου τάμε νηλέϊ χαλκῷ. τὸν μὲν Ταλθύβιος πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐς μέγα λαῖτμα ῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας βόσιν ἰχθύσιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἀνστὰς Ἀργείοισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα· 270Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ μεγάλας ἄτας ἄνδρεσσι διδοῖσθα· οὐκ ἂν δή ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν Ἀτρεΐδης ὤρινε διαμπερές, οὐδέ κε κούρην ἦγεν ἐμεῦ ἀέκοντος ἀμήχανος· ἀλλά ποθι Ζεὺς ἤθελʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν θάνατον πολέεσσι γενέσθαι. 275νῦν δʼ ἔρχεσθʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, ἵνα ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα.

And he spake in prayer, with a look up to the wide heaven: Be Zeus my witness first, highest and best of gods, and Earth and Sun, and the Erinyes, that under earth take vengeance on men, whosoever hath sworn a false oath, that never laid I hand upon the girl Briseis either by way of a lover's embrace or anywise else, but she ever abode untouched in my huts. And if aught of this oath be false, may the gods give me woes full many, even all that they are wont to give to him whoso sinneth against them in his swearing. He spake, and cut the boar's throat with the pitiless bronze, and the body Talthybius whirled and flung into the great gulf of the grey sea, to be food for the fishes; but Achilles uprose, and spake among the war-loving Argives: Father Zeus, great in good sooth is the blindness thou sendest upon men. Never would the son of Atreus have utterly roused the wrath within my breast, nor led off the girl ruthlessly in my despite, but mayhap it was the good pleasure of Zeus that on many of the Achaeans death should come. But now go ye to your meal, that we may join in battle.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.