Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 20.1–74: Zeus calls the gods to council

The Achaeans arm by the ships with Achilles longing to meet Hector, and Zeus on Olympus calls the gods to an assembly. He tells them that he is concerned for the Trojans, since Achilles may sack the city before its fate, and lets the gods go down to help whichever side they choose. All the rivers except Ocean and all the nymphs attend.

Lines 20.1–74 · 841 words · click a number to copy its link
1ὣς οἳ μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσι θωρήσσοντο ἀμφὶ σὲ Πηλέος υἱὲ μάχης ἀκόρητον Ἀχαιοί, Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο· Ζεὺς δὲ Θέμιστα κέλευσε θεοὺς ἀγορὴν δὲ καλέσσαι 5κρατὸς ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο πολυπτύχου· ἣ δʼ ἄρα πάντῃ φοιτήσασα κέλευσε Διὸς πρὸς δῶμα νέεσθαι. οὔτέ τις οὖν ποταμῶν ἀπέην νόσφʼ Ὠκεανοῖο, οὔτʼ ἄρα νυμφάων αἵ τʼ ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν καὶ πίσεα ποιήεντα. 10ἐλθόντες δʼ ἐς δῶμα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο ξεστῇς αἰθούσῃσιν ἐνίζανον, ἃς Διὶ πατρὶ Ἥφαιστος ποίησεν ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσιν. ὣς οἳ μὲν Διὸς ἔνδον ἀγηγέρατʼ· οὐδʼ ἐνοσίχθων νηκούστησε θεᾶς, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἦλθε μετʼ αὐτούς, 15ἷζε δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν μέσσοισι, Διὸς δʼ ἐξείρετο βουλήν· τίπτʼ αὖτʼ ἀργικέραυνε θεοὺς ἀγορὴν δὲ κάλεσσας; ἦ τι περὶ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν μερμηρίζεις; τῶν γὰρ νῦν ἄγχιστα μάχη πόλεμός τε δέδηε. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· 20ἔγνως ἐννοσίγαιε ἐμὴν ἐν στήθεσι βουλὴν ὧν ἕνεκα ξυνάγειρα· μέλουσί μοι ὀλλύμενοί περ.

So by the beaked ships around thee, O son of Peleus, insatiate of fight, the Achaeans arrayed them for battle; and likewise the Trojans over against them on the rising ground of the plain. But Zeus bade Themis summon the gods to the place of gathering from the brow of many-ribbed Olympus; and she sped everywhither, and bade them come to the house of Zeus. There was no river that came not, save only Oceanus, nor any nymph, of all that haunt the fair copses, the springs that feed the rivers, and the grassy meadows. And being come to the house of Zeus they sate them down within the polished colonnades which for father Zeus Hephaestus had builded with cunning skill. Thus were they gathered within the house of Zeus; nor did the Shaker of Earth fail to heed the call of the goddess, but came forth from the sea to join their company; and he sate him in the midst, and made question concerning the purpose of Zeus: Wherefore, thou lord of the bright lightning, hast thou called the gods to the place of gathering? Is it that thou art pondering on somewhat concerning the Trojans and Achaeans? for now is their battle and fighting kindled hard at hand. Then Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, answered him, and said: Thou knowest, O Shaker of Earth, the purpose in my breast, for the which I gathered you hither; I have regard unto them, even though they die.

22ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ μενέω πτυχὶ Οὐλύμποιο ἥμενος, ἔνθʼ ὁρόων φρένα τέρψομαι· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι ἔρχεσθʼ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκησθε μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς, 25ἀμφοτέροισι δʼ ἀρήγεθʼ ὅπῃ νόος ἐστὶν ἑκάστου. εἰ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς οἶος ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μαχεῖται οὐδὲ μίνυνθʼ ἕξουσι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα. καὶ δέ τί μιν καὶ πρόσθεν ὑποτρομέεσκον ὁρῶντες· νῦν δʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ θυμὸν ἑταίρου χώεται αἰνῶς 30δείδω μὴ καὶ τεῖχος ὑπέρμορον ἐξαλαπάξῃ. ὣς ἔφατο Κρονίδης, πόλεμον δʼ ἀλίαστον ἔγειρε. βὰν δʼ ἴμεναι πόλεμον δὲ θεοὶ δίχα θυμὸν ἔχοντες· Ἥρη μὲν μετʼ ἀγῶνα νεῶν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη ἠδὲ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἠδʼ ἐριούνης 35Ἑρμείας, ὃς ἐπὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι κέκασται· Ἥφαιστος δʼ ἅμα τοῖσι κίε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων χωλεύων, ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί. ἐς δὲ Τρῶας Ἄρης κορυθαίολος, αὐτὰρ ἅμʼ αὐτῷ Φοῖβος ἀκερσεκόμης ἠδʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα 40Λητώ τε Ξάνθός τε φιλομειδής τʼ Ἀφροδίτη.

Yet verily, for myself will I abide here sitting in a fold of Olympus, wherefrom I will gaze and make glad my heart; but do ye others all go forth till ye be come among the Trojans and Achaeans, and bear aid to this side or that, even as the mind of each may be. For if Achilles shall fight alone against the Trojans, not even for a little space will they hold back the swift-footed son of Peleus. Nay, even aforetime were they wont to tremble as they looked upon him, and now when verily his heart is grievously in wrath for his friend, I fear me lest even beyond what is ordained he lay waste the wall. So spake the son of Cronos, and roused war unabating. And the gods went their way into the battle, being divided in counsel: Hera gat her to the gathering of the ships, and with her Pallas Athene, and Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, and the helper Hermes, that was beyond all in the cunning of his mind; and together with these went Hephaestus, exulting in his might, halting, but beneath him his slender legs moved nimbly; but unto the Trojans went Ares, of the flashing helm, and with him Phoebus, of the unshorn locks, and Artemis, the archer, and Leto and Xanthus and laughter-loving Aphrodite.

41εἷος μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε θεοὶ θνητῶν ἔσαν ἀνδρῶν, τεῖος Ἀχαιοὶ μὲν μέγα κύδανον, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς· Τρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα ἕκαστον 45δειδιότας, ὅθʼ ὁρῶντο ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα τεύχεσι λαμπόμενον βροτολοιγῷ ἶσον Ἄρηϊ. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ μεθʼ ὅμιλον Ὀλύμπιοι ἤλυθον ἀνδρῶν, ὦρτο δʼ Ἔρις κρατερὴ λαοσσόος, αὖε δʼ Ἀθήνη στᾶσʼ ὁτὲ μὲν παρὰ τάφρον ὀρυκτὴν τείχεος ἐκτός, 50ἄλλοτʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτάων ἐριδούπων μακρὸν ἀΰτει. αὖε δʼ Ἄρης ἑτέρωθεν ἐρεμνῇ λαίλαπι ἶσος ὀξὺ κατʼ ἀκροτάτης πόλιος Τρώεσσι κελεύων, ἄλλοτε πὰρ Σιμόεντι θέων ἐπὶ Καλλικολώνῃ. ὣς τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους μάκαρες θεοὶ ὀτρύνοντες 55σύμβαλον, ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖς ἔριδα ῥήγνυντο βαρεῖαν· δεινὸν δὲ βρόντησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε ὑψόθεν· αὐτὰρ νέρθε Ποσειδάων ἐτίναξε γαῖαν ἀπειρεσίην ὀρέων τʼ αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα. πάντες δʼ ἐσσείοντο πόδες πολυπίδακος Ἴδης 60καὶ κορυφαί, Τρώων τε πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν. ἔδεισεν δʼ ὑπένερθεν ἄναξ ἐνέρων Ἀϊδωνεύς, δείσας δʼ ἐκ θρόνου ἆλτο καὶ ἴαχε, μή οἱ ὕπερθε γαῖαν ἀναρρήξειε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων, οἰκία δὲ θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι φανείη 65σμερδαλέʼ εὐρώεντα, τά τε στυγέουσι θεοί περ· τόσσος ἄρα κτύπος ὦρτο θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνιόντων. ἤτοι μὲν γὰρ ἔναντα Ποσειδάωνος ἄνακτος ἵστατʼ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος ἔχων ἰὰ πτερόεντα, ἄντα δʼ Ἐνυαλίοιο θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· 70Ἥρῃ δʼ ἀντέστη χρυσηλάκατος κελαδεινὴ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα κασιγνήτη ἑκάτοιο· Λητοῖ δʼ ἀντέστη σῶκος ἐριούνιος Ἑρμῆς, ἄντα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο μέγας ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης, ὃν Ξάνθον καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον.

Now as long as the gods were afar from the mortal men, even for so long triumphed the Achaeans mightily, seeing Achilles was come forth, albeit he had long kept him aloof from grievous battle; but upon the Trojans came dread trembling on the limbs of every man in their terror, when they beheld the swift-footed son of Peleus, flaming in his harness, the peer of Ares, the bane of men. But when the Olympians were come into the midst of the throng of men, then up leapt mighty Strife, the rouser of hosts, and Athene cried aloud,—now would she stand beside the digged trench without the wall, and now upon the loud-sounding shores would she utter her loud cry. And over against her shouted Ares, dread as a dark whirlwind, calling with shrill tones to the Trojans from the topmost citadel, and now again as he sped by the shore of Simois over Callicolone. Thus did the blessed gods urge on the two hosts to clash in battle, and amid them made grievous strife to burst forth. Then terribly thundered the father of gods and men from on high; and from beneath did Poseidon cause the vast earth to quake, and the steep crests of the mountains. All the roots of many-fountained Ida were shaken, and all her peaks, and the city of the Trojans, and the ships of the Achaeans. And seized with fear in the world below was Aidoneus, lord of the shades, and in fear leapt he from his throne and cried aloud, lest above him the earth be cloven by Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, and his abode be made plain to view for mortals and immortals- the dread and dank abode, wherefor the very gods have loathing: so great was the din that arose when the gods clashed in strife. For against king Poseidon stood Phoebus Apollo with his winged arrows, and against Enyalius the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene; against Hera stood forth the huntress of the golden arrows, and the echoing chase, even the archer Artemis, sister of the god that smiteth afar; against Leto stood forth the strong helper, Hermes, and against Hephaestus the great, deep-eddying river, that god called Xanthus, and men Scamander.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 20.1–74: Zeus calls the gods to council | Homer