Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 22.1–102: Priam and Hecuba plead with Hector

The Trojans cool themselves within the walls like fawns while the Achaeans come up to the wall, and Hector alone stays outside the Scaean gates. Apollo reveals himself to Achilles and tells him that he is chasing a god in vain. Priam sees Achilles racing across the plain like a star of ill omen and begs Hector from the wall to come in, and Hecuba bares her breast and entreats him, but he stays.

Lines 22.1–102 · 1205 words · click a number to copy its link
1ὣς οἳ μὲν κατὰ ἄστυ πεφυζότες ἠΰτε νεβροὶ ἱδρῶ ἀπεψύχοντο πίον τʼ ἀκέοντό τε δίψαν κεκλιμένοι καλῇσιν ἐπάλξεσιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ τείχεος ἆσσον ἴσαν σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες. 5Ἕκτορα δʼ αὐτοῦ μεῖναι ὀλοιὴ μοῖρα πέδησεν Ἰλίου προπάροιθε πυλάων τε Σκαιάων. αὐτὰρ Πηλείωνα προσηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· τίπτέ με Πηλέος υἱὲ ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκεις αὐτὸς θνητὸς ἐὼν θεὸν ἄμβροτον; οὐδέ νύ πώ με 10ἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι, σὺ δʼ ἀσπερχὲς μενεαίνεις. ἦ νύ τοι οὔ τι μέλει Τρώων πόνος, οὓς ἐφόβησας, οἳ δή τοι εἰς ἄστυ ἄλεν, σὺ δὲ δεῦρο λιάσθης. οὐ μέν με κτενέεις, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι μόρσιμός εἰμι. τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· 15ἔβλαψάς μʼ ἑκάεργε θεῶν ὀλοώτατε πάντων ἐνθάδε νῦν τρέψας ἀπὸ τείχεος· ἦ κʼ ἔτι πολλοὶ γαῖαν ὀδὰξ εἷλον πρὶν Ἴλιον εἰσαφικέσθαι. νῦν δʼ ἐμὲ μὲν μέγα κῦδος ἀφείλεο, τοὺς δὲ σάωσας ῥηϊδίως, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι τίσιν γʼ ἔδεισας ὀπίσσω. 20ἦ σʼ ἂν τισαίμην, εἴ μοι δύναμίς γε παρείη.

So they throughout the city, huddled in rout like fawns, were cooling their sweat and drinking and quenching their thirst, as they rested on the fair battlements; while the Achaeans drew near the wall leaning their shields against their shoulders. But Hector did deadly fate ensnare to abide there where he was in front of Ilios and the Scaean gates. Then unto the son of Peleus spake Phoebus Apollo: Wherefore, son of Peleus, dost thou pursue me with swift feet, thyself a mortal, while I am an immortal god? Not even yet hast thou known me that I am a god, but thou ragest incessantly! Hast thou in good sooth no care for thy toil regarding the Trojans whom thou dravest in rout, who now are gathered into the city, while thou hast turned thee aside hitherward? Thou shalt never slay me, for lo, I am not one that is appointed to die. Then with a mighty burst of anger spake to him swift-footed Achilles: Thou hast foiled me, thou god that workest afar, most cruel of all gods in that thou hast now turned me hither from the wall; else had many a man yet bitten the ground or ever they came into Ilios. Now hast thou robbed me of great glory, and them hast thou saved full easily, seeing thou hadst no fear of vengeance in the aftertime. Verily I would avenge me on thee, had I but the power.

21ὣς εἰπὼν προτὶ ἄστυ μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει, σευάμενος ὥς θʼ ἵππος ἀεθλοφόρος σὺν ὄχεσφιν, ὅς ῥά τε ῥεῖα θέῃσι τιταινόμενος πεδίοιο· ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς λαιψηρὰ πόδας καὶ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα. 25τὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος πρῶτος ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσι παμφαίνονθʼ ὥς τʼ ἀστέρʼ ἐπεσσύμενον πεδίοιο, ὅς ῥά τʼ ὀπώρης εἶσιν, ἀρίζηλοι δέ οἱ αὐγαὶ φαίνονται πολλοῖσι μετʼ ἀστράσι νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ, ὅν τε κύνʼ Ὠρίωνος ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσι. 30λαμπρότατος μὲν ὅ γʼ ἐστί, κακὸν δέ τε σῆμα τέτυκται, καί τε φέρει πολλὸν πυρετὸν δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσιν· ὣς τοῦ χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε περὶ στήθεσσι θέοντος. ᾤμωξεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, κεφαλὴν δʼ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσὶν ὑψόσʼ ἀνασχόμενος, μέγα δʼ οἰμώξας ἐγεγώνει 35λισσόμενος φίλον υἱόν· ὃ δὲ προπάροιθε πυλάων ἑστήκει ἄμοτον μεμαὼς Ἀχιλῆϊ μάχεσθαι· τὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων ἐλεεινὰ προσηύδα χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς· Ἕκτορ μή μοι μίμνε φίλον τέκος ἀνέρα τοῦτον οἶος ἄνευθʼ ἄλλων, ἵνα μὴ τάχα πότμον ἐπίσπῃς 40Πηλεΐωνι δαμείς, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστι σχέτλιος· αἴθε θεοῖσι φίλος τοσσόνδε γένοιτο ὅσσον ἐμοί· τάχα κέν ἑ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδοιεν κείμενον· ἦ κέ μοι αἰνὸν ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἄχος ἔλθοι· ὅς μʼ υἱῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν εὖνιν ἔθηκε 45κτείνων καὶ περνὰς νήσων ἔπι τηλεδαπάων.

So spake he, and was gone toward the city in pride of heart, speeding as speedeth with a chariot a horse that is winner of prizes, one that lightly courseth at full speed over the plain; even so swiftly plied Achilles his feet and knees. Him the old man Priam was first to behold with his eyes, as he sped all-gleaming over the plain, like to the star that cometh forth at harvest-time, and brightly do his rays shine amid the host of stars in the darkness of night, the star that men call by name the Dog of Orion. Brightest of all is he, yet withal is he a sign of evil, and bringeth much fever upon wretched mortals. Even in such wise did the bronze gleam upon the breast of Achilles as he ran. And the old man uttered a groan, and beat upon his head with his hands, lifting them up on high, and with a groan he called aloud, beseeching his dear son, that was standing before the gates furiously eager to do battle with Achilles. To him the old man spake piteously, stretching forth his arms: Hector, my dear child, abide not, I pray thee, yon man, alone with none to aid thee, lest forthwith thou meet thy doom, slain by the son of Peleus, since verily he is far the mightier— cruel that he is. I would that he were loved by the gods even as by me! Then would the dogs and vuhtures speedily devour him as he lay unburied; so would dread sorrow depart from my soul, seeing he hath made me bereft of sons many and valiant, slaying them and selling them into isles that hie afar.

46καὶ γὰρ νῦν δύο παῖδε Λυκάονα καὶ Πολύδωρον οὐ δύναμαι ἰδέειν Τρώων εἰς ἄστυ ἀλέντων, τούς μοι Λαοθόη τέκετο κρείουσα γυναικῶν. ἀλλʼ εἰ μὲν ζώουσι μετὰ στρατῷ, ἦ τʼ ἂν ἔπειτα 50χαλκοῦ τε χρυσοῦ τʼ ἀπολυσόμεθʼ, ἔστι γὰρ ἔνδον· πολλὰ γὰρ ὤπασε παιδὶ γέρων ὀνομάκλυτος Ἄλτης. εἰ δʼ ἤδη τεθνᾶσι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν, ἄλγος ἐμῷ θυμῷ καὶ μητέρι τοὶ τεκόμεσθα· λαοῖσιν δʼ ἄλλοισι μινυνθαδιώτερον ἄλγος 55ἔσσεται, ἢν μὴ καὶ σὺ θάνῃς Ἀχιλῆϊ δαμασθείς. ἀλλʼ εἰσέρχεο τεῖχος ἐμὸν τέκος, ὄφρα σαώσῃς Τρῶας καὶ Τρῳάς, μὴ δὲ μέγα κῦδος ὀρέξῃς Πηλεΐδῃ, αὐτὸς δὲ φίλης αἰῶνος ἀμερθῇς. πρὸς δʼ ἐμὲ τὸν δύστηνον ἔτι φρονέοντʼ ἐλέησον 60δύσμορον, ὅν ῥα πατὴρ Κρονίδης ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ αἴσῃ ἐν ἀργαλέῃ φθίσει κακὰ πόλλʼ ἐπιδόντα υἷάς τʼ ὀλλυμένους ἑλκηθείσας τε θύγατρας, καὶ θαλάμους κεραϊζομένους, καὶ νήπια τέκνα βαλλόμενα προτὶ γαίῃ ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι, 65ἑλκομένας τε νυοὺς ὀλοῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.

For even now there be twain of my sons, Lycaon and Polydorus, that I cannot see amid the Trojans that are gathered into the city, even they that Laothoe bare me, a princess among women. But if they be yet alive in the camp of the foe, then verily will we ransom them with bronze and gold, seeing there is store thereof in my house; for gifts full many did the old Altes, of glorious name, give to his daughter. But and if they be even now dead and in the house of Hades, then shall there be sorrow to my heart and to their mother, to us that gave them birth; but to the rest of the host a briefer sorrow, if so be thou die not as well, slain by Achilles. Nay, enter within the walls, my child, that thou mayest save the Trojan men and Trojan women, and that thou give not great glory to the son of Peleus, and be thyself reft of thy dear life. Furthermore, have thou compassion on me that yet can feel — on wretched me whom the father, son of Cronos, will shay by a grievous fate on the threshold of old age, when I have beheld ills full many, my sons perishing and my daughters haled away, and my treasure chambers laid waste, and little children hurled to the ground in the dread conflict, and my sons" wives being haled away beneath the deadly hands of the Achaeans.

66αὐτὸν δʼ ἂν πύματόν με κύνες πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν ὠμησταὶ ἐρύουσιν, ἐπεί κέ τις ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ τύψας ἠὲ βαλὼν ῥεθέων ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται, οὓς τρέφον ἐν μεγάροισι τραπεζῆας θυραωρούς, 70οἵ κʼ ἐμὸν αἷμα πιόντες ἀλύσσοντες περὶ θυμῷ κείσοντʼ ἐν προθύροισι. νέῳ δέ τε πάντʼ ἐπέοικεν ἄρηϊ κταμένῳ δεδαϊγμένῳ ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ κεῖσθαι· πάντα δὲ καλὰ θανόντι περ ὅττι φανήῃ· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πολιόν τε κάρη πολιόν τε γένειον 75αἰδῶ τʼ αἰσχύνωσι κύνες κταμένοιο γέροντος, τοῦτο δὴ οἴκτιστον πέλεται δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσιν. ἦ ῥʼ ὃ γέρων, πολιὰς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνὰ τρίχας ἕλκετο χερσὶ τίλλων ἐκ κεφαλῆς· οὐδʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἔπειθε. μήτηρ δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ὀδύρετο δάκρυ χέουσα 80κόλπον ἀνιεμένη, ἑτέρηφι δὲ μαζὸν ἀνέσχε· καί μιν δάκρυ χέουσʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· Ἕκτορ τέκνον ἐμὸν τάδε τʼ αἴδεο καί μʼ ἐλέησον αὐτήν, εἴ ποτέ τοι λαθικηδέα μαζὸν ἐπέσχον· τῶν μνῆσαι φίλε τέκνον ἄμυνε δὲ δήϊον ἄνδρα 85τείχεος ἐντὸς ἐών, μὴ δὲ πρόμος ἵστασο τούτῳ σχέτλιος· εἴ περ γάρ σε κατακτάνῃ, οὔ σʼ ἔτʼ ἔγωγε κλαύσομαι ἐν λεχέεσσι φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή, οὐδʼ ἄλοχος πολύδωρος· ἄνευθε δέ σε μέγα νῶϊν Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ κύνες ταχέες κατέδονται.

Myself then last of all at the entering in of my door shall ravening dogs rend, when some man by thrust or cast of the sharp bronze hath reft my limbs of life—even the dogs that in my halls I reared at my table to guard my door, which then having drunk my blood in the madness of their hearts, shall lie there in the gateway. A young man it beseemeth wholly, when he is slain in battle, that he lie mangled by the sharp bronze; dead though he be, all is honourable whatsoever be seen. But when dogs work shame upon the hoary head and hoary beard and on the nakedness of an old man slain, lo, this is the most piteous thing that cometh upon wretched mortals. Thus spake the old man, and with his hands he plucked and tore the hoary hairs from his head; but he could not persuade the heart of Hector. And over against him the mother in her turn wailed and shed tears, loosening the folds of her robe, while with the other hand she showed her breast, and amid shedding of tears she spake unto him winged words: Hector, my child, have thou respect unto this and pity me, if ever I gave thee the breast to lull thy pain. Think thereon, dear child, and ward off yon foemen from within the wall, neither stand thou forth to face him. Cruel is he; for if so be he shay thee, never shall I lay thee on a bier and bewail thee, dear plant, born of mine own self, nay, nor shall thy bounteous wife; but far away from us by the ships of the Argives shall swift dogs devour thee.

90ὣς τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην φίλον υἱὸν πολλὰ λισσομένω· οὐδʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἔπειθον, ἀλλʼ ὅ γε μίμνʼ Ἀχιλῆα πελώριον ἆσσον ἰόντα. ὡς δὲ δράκων ἐπὶ χειῇ ὀρέστερος ἄνδρα μένῃσι βεβρωκὼς κακὰ φάρμακʼ, ἔδυ δέ τέ μιν χόλος αἰνός, 95σμερδαλέον δὲ δέδορκεν ἑλισσόμενος περὶ χειῇ· ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἄσβεστον ἔχων μένος οὐχ ὑπεχώρει πύργῳ ἔπι προὔχοντι φαεινὴν ἀσπίδʼ ἐρείσας· ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν· ὤ μοι ἐγών, εἰ μέν κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω, 100Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει, ὅς μʼ ἐκέλευε Τρωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθʼ ὕπο τήνδʼ ὀλοὴν ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.

So the twain with weeping spake unto their dear son, beseeching him instantly; howbeit they could not persuade the heart of Hector, but he abode Achilles as he drew nigh in his mightiness. And as a serpent of the mountain awaiteth a man at his lair, having fed upon evil herbs, and dread wrath hath entered into him, and terribly he glareth as he coileth him about within his lair; even so Hector in his courage unquenchable would not give ground, leaning his bright shield against the jutting wall. Then, mightily moved, he spake unto his own great-hearted spirit: Ah, woe is me, if I go within the gates and the walls Polydamas will be the first to put reproach upon me, for that he bade me lead the Trojans to the city during this fatal night, when goodly Achilles arose.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 22.1–102: Priam and Hecuba plead with Hector | Homer