Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 23.1–56: Mourning for Patroclus; the funeral feast

The Trojans mourn within the walls, and the Myrmidons by the shore drive their horses three times round the body of Patroclus. Achilles lays his hands on his friend's chest and promises him the head of Hector and the twelve Trojan youths. Agamemnon gives the Achaeans a feast, and Achilles, who refuses to wash until he has laid Patroclus on the pyre, sleeps by the sea.

Lines 23.1–56 · 622 words · click a number to copy its link
1ὣς οἳ μὲν στενάχοντο κατὰ πτόλιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐπεὶ δὴ νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκοντο, οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὴν ἐπὶ νῆα ἕκαστος, Μυρμιδόνας δʼ οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Ἀχιλλεύς, 5ἀλλʼ ὅ γε οἷς ἑτάροισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα· Μυρμιδόνες ταχύπωλοι ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι μὴ δή πω ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῖς ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν ἆσσον ἰόντες Πάτροκλον κλαίωμεν· ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων. 10αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ὀλοοῖο τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο, ἵππους λυσάμενοι δορπήσομεν ἐνθάδε πάντες. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ᾤμωξαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ Ἀχιλλεύς. οἳ δὲ τρὶς περὶ νεκρὸν ἐΰτριχας ἤλασαν ἵππους μυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι Θέτις γόου ἵμερον ὦρσε. 15δεύοντο ψάμαθοι, δεύοντο δὲ τεύχεα φωτῶν δάκρυσι· τοῖον γὰρ πόθεον μήστωρα φόβοιο. τοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο χεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου· χαῖρέ μοι ὦ Πάτροκλε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι· 20πάντα γὰρ ἤδη τοι τελέω τὰ πάροιθεν ὑπέστην Ἕκτορα δεῦρʼ ἐρύσας δώσειν κυσὶν ὠμὰ δάσασθαι, δώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε πυρῆς ἀποδειροτομήσειν Τρώων ἀγλαὰ τέκνα σέθεν κταμένοιο χολωθείς.

Thus they made lamentation throughout the city; but the Achaeans, when they were come to the ships and the Hellespont, scattered each man to his own ship; howbeit the Myrmidons would Achilles nowise suffer to be scattered, but spake among his war-loving comrades, saying: Ye Myrmidons of fleet steeds, my trusty comrades, let us not yet loose our single-hooved horses from their cars, but with horses and chariots let us draw nigh and mourn Patroclus; for that is the due of the dead. Then when we have taken our fill of dire lamenting, we will unyoke our horses and sup here all together. So spake he, and they raised the voice of wailing all with one accord, and Achilles was leader thereof. Then thrice about the corpse they drave their fair-maned steeds, mourning the while; and among them Thetis roused desire of wailing. Wetted were the sands and wetted the armour of the warriors with their tears; so mighty a deviser of rout was he for whom they mourned. And among them the son of Peleus was leader in the vehement lamentation; laying his man-slaying hands upon the breast of his comrade: Hail, I bid thee, O Patroclus, even in the house of Hades, for even now I am bringing to fulfillment all that aforetime I promised thee: that I would drag Hector hither and give him raw unto dogs to devour, and of twelve glorious sons of the Trojans would I cut the throats before thy pyre, in my wrath at thy slaying.

24ἦ ῥα καὶ Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀεικέα μήδετο ἔργα 25πρηνέα πὰρ λεχέεσσι Μενοιτιάδαο τανύσσας ἐν κονίῃς· οἳ δʼ ἔντεʼ ἀφωπλίζοντο ἕκαστος χάλκεα μαρμαίροντα, λύον δʼ ὑψηχέας ἵππους, κὰδ δʼ ἷζον παρὰ νηῒ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο μυρίοι· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι τάφον μενοεικέα δαίνυ. 30πολλοὶ μὲν βόες ἀργοὶ ὀρέχθεον ἀμφὶ σιδήρῳ σφαζόμενοι, πολλοὶ δʼ ὄϊες καὶ μηκάδες αἶγες· πολλοὶ δʼ ἀργιόδοντες ὕες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ εὑόμενοι τανύοντο διὰ φλογὸς Ἡφαίστοιο· πάντῃ δʼ ἀμφὶ νέκυν κοτυλήρυτον ἔρρεεν αἷμα. 35αὐτὰρ τόν γε ἄνακτα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα εἰς Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον ἄγον βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν σπουδῇ παρπεπιθόντες ἑταίρου χωόμενον κῆρ. οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος ἷξον ἰόντες, αὐτίκα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσαν 40ἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, εἰ πεπίθοιεν Πηλεΐδην λούσασθαι ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα. αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἠρνεῖτο στερεῶς, ἐπὶ δʼ ὅρκον ὄμοσσεν· οὐ μὰ Ζῆνʼ, ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος, οὐ θέμις ἐστὶ λοετρὰ καρήατος ἆσσον ἱκέσθαι 45πρίν γʼ ἐνὶ Πάτροκλον θέμεναι πυρὶ σῆμά τε χεῦαι κείρασθαί τε κόμην, ἐπεὶ οὔ μʼ ἔτι δεύτερον ὧδε ἵξετʼ ἄχος κραδίην ὄφρα ζωοῖσι μετείω. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν στυγερῇ πειθώμεθα δαιτί· ἠῶθεν δʼ ὄτρυνον ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον 50ὕλην τʼ ἀξέμεναι παρά τε σχεῖν ὅσσʼ ἐπιεικὲς νεκρὸν ἔχοντα νέεσθαι ὑπὸ ζόφον ἠερόεντα, ὄφρʼ ἤτοι τοῦτον μὲν ἐπιφλέγῃ ἀκάματον πῦρ θᾶσσον ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν, λαοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα τράπωνται. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο. 55ἐσσυμένως δʼ ἄρα δόρπον ἐφοπλίσσαντες ἕκαστοι δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.

He spake, and devised foul entreatment for goodly Hector, stretching him on his face in the dust before the bier of the son of Menoetius. And they put off, each man of them, their shining harnesses of bronze, and loosed their loud-neighing horses, and themselves sat down beside the ship of the swift-footed son of Aeacus, a countless host; and he made them a funeral feast to satisfy their hearts. Many sleek bulls bellowed about the knife, as they were slaughtered, many sheep and bleating goats, and many white-tusked swine, rich with fat, were stretched to singe over the flame of Hephaestus; and everywhere about the corpse the blood ran so that one might dip cups therein. But the prince, the swiftfooted son of Peleus, was led unto goodly Agamemnon by the chiefs of the Achaeans, that had much ado to persuade him thereto, so wroth at heart was he for his comrade. But when, as they went, they were come to the hut of Agamemnon, forthwith they bade clear-voiced heralds set upon the fire a great cauldron, if so be they might persuade the son of Peleus to wash from him the bloody gore. But he steadfastly denied them, and swore an oath thereto: Nay, verily by Zeus, that is highest and best of gods, it may not be that water should come nigh my head, until such time as I have laid Patroclus on the fire, and have heaped him a barrow, and shorn my hair withal, since never more shall a second grief thus reach my heart, while yet I abide among the living. Howbeit for this present let us yield us to the banquet we needs must loathe; but in the morning rouse thou the folk, king of men Agamemnon, to bring wood, and to make ready all that it beseemeth a dead man to have, whenso he goeth beneath the murky darkness, to the end that unwearied fire may burn him quickly from sight, and the host betake it to its tasks. So spake he, and they readily hearkened to him and obeyed, and speedily making ready each man his meal they supped, nor did their hearts lack aught of the equal feast.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.