Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 23.108–191: The funeral pyre of Patroclus

At dawn Agamemnon sends men with mules to fetch wood from Ida, and Meriones leads them. The wood is laid in a pyre a hundred feet each way, and the body is brought out, covered with locks of hair cut off by the Myrmidons, with Achilles' own hair laid in the dead man's hands. On the pyre are laid sheep, cattle, horses, two of the dead man's dogs, and the twelve Trojan youths, and Achilles cries out against Hector's body, which Apollo and Aphrodite keep from the dogs.

Lines 23.108–191 · 981 words · click a number to copy its link
108ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο· μυρομένοισι δὲ τοῖσι φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠὼς 110ἀμφὶ νέκυν ἐλεεινόν. ἀτὰρ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων οὐρῆάς τʼ ὄτρυνε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀξέμεν ὕλην πάντοθεν ἐκ κλισιῶν· ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνὴρ ἐσθλὸς ὀρώρει Μηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος. οἳ δʼ ἴσαν ὑλοτόμους πελέκεας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες 115σειράς τʼ εὐπλέκτους· πρὸ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐρῆες κίον αὐτῶν. πολλὰ δʼ ἄναντα κάταντα πάραντά τε δόχμιά τʼ ἦλθον· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κνημοὺς προσέβαν πολυπίδακος Ἴδης, αὐτίκʼ ἄρα δρῦς ὑψικόμους ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ τάμνον ἐπειγόμενοι· ταὶ δὲ μεγάλα κτυπέουσαι 120πῖπτον· τὰς μὲν ἔπειτα διαπλήσσοντες Ἀχαιοὶ ἔκδεον ἡμιόνων· ταὶ δὲ χθόνα ποσσὶ δατεῦντο ἐλδόμεναι πεδίοιο διὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνά. πάντες δʼ ὑλοτόμοι φιτροὺς φέρον· ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει Μηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος. 125κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς βάλλον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς φράσσατο Πατρόκλῳ μέγα ἠρίον ἠδὲ οἷ αὐτῷ.

So spake he, and in them all aroused the desire of lament, and rosy-fingered Dawn shone forth upon them while yet they wailed around the piteous corpse. But the lord Agamemnon sent forth mules and men from all sides from out the huts to fetch wood and a man of valour watched thereover, even Meriones, squire of kindly Idomeneus. And they went forth bearing in their hands axes for the cutting of wood and well-woven ropes, and before them went the mules: and ever upward, downward, sideward, and aslant they fared. But when they were come to the spurs of many-fountained Ida, forthwith they set them to fill high-crested oaks with the long-edged bronze in busy haste and with a mighty crash the trees kept falling. Then the Achaeans split the trunks asunder and bound them behind the mules, and these tore up the earth with their feet as they hasted toward the plain through the thick underbrush. And all the woodcutters bare logs; for so were they bidden of Meriones, squire of kindly Idomeneus. Then down upon the shore they cast these, man after man, where Achilles planned a great barrow for Patroclus and for himself.

127αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάντῃ παρακάββαλον ἄσπετον ὕλην ἥατʼ ἄρʼ αὖθι μένοντες ἀολλέες. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτίκα Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι κέλευσε 130χαλκὸν ζώννυσθαι, ζεῦξαι δʼ ὑπʼ ὄχεσφιν ἕκαστον ἵππους· οἳ δʼ ὄρνυντο καὶ ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον, ἂν δʼ ἔβαν ἐν δίφροισι παραιβάται ἡνίοχοί τε, πρόσθε μὲν ἱππῆες, μετὰ δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν μυρίοι· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι φέρον Πάτροκλον ἑταῖροι. 135θριξὶ δὲ πάντα νέκυν καταείνυσαν, ἃς ἐπέβαλλον κειρόμενοι· ὄπιθεν δὲ κάρη ἔχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς ἀχνύμενος· ἕταρον γὰρ ἀμύμονα πέμπʼ Ἄϊδος δέ. οἳ δʼ ὅτε χῶρον ἵκανον ὅθί σφισι πέφραδʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς κάτθεσαν, αἶψα δέ οἱ μενοεικέα νήεον ὕλην. 140ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· στὰς ἀπάνευθε πυρῆς ξανθὴν ἀπεκείρατο χαίτην, τήν ῥα Σπερχειῷ ποταμῷ τρέφε τηλεθόωσαν· ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον· Σπερχείʼ ἄλλως σοί γε πατὴρ ἠρήσατο Πηλεὺς 145κεῖσέ με νοστήσαντα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν σοί τε κόμην κερέειν ῥέξειν θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην, πεντήκοντα δʼ ἔνορχα παρʼ αὐτόθι μῆλʼ ἱερεύσειν ἐς πηγάς, ὅθι τοι τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις.

But when on all sides they had cast down the measureless wood, they sate them down there and abode, all in one throng. And Achilles straightway bade the war-loving Myrmidons gird them about with bronze, and yoke each man his horses to his car. And they arose and did on their armour and mounted their chariots, warriors and charioteers alike. In front fared the men in chariots, and thereafter followed a cloud of footmen, a host past counting and in the midst his comrades bare Patroclus. And as with a garment they wholly covered the corpse with their hair that they shore off and cast thereon; and behind them goodly Achilles clasped the head, sorrowing the while; for peerless was the comrade whom he was speeding to the house of Hades. But when they were come to the place that Achilles had appointed unto them, they set down the dead, and swiftly heaped up for him abundant store of wood. Then again swift-footed goodly Achilles took other counsel; he took his stand apart from the fire and shore off a golden lock, the rich growth whereof he had nursed for the river Spercheüs, and his heart mightily moved, he spake, with a look over the wine-dark sea: Spercheüs, to no purpose did my father Peleus vow to thee that when I had come home thither to my dear native land, I would shear my hair to thee and offer a holy hecatomb, and on the selfsame spot would sacrifice fifty rams, males without blemish, into thy waters, where is thy demesne and thy fragrant altar.

149ὣς ἠρᾶθʼ ὃ γέρων, σὺ δέ οἱ νόον οὐκ ἐτέλεσσας. 150νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ κόμην ὀπάσαιμι φέρεσθαι. ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ κόμην ἑτάροιο φίλοιο θῆκεν, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο. καί νύ κʼ ὀδυρομένοισιν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο 155εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αἶψʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι εἶπε παραστάς· Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι, γόοιο μὲν ἔστι καὶ ἆσαι, νῦν δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι ὅπλεσθαι· τάδε δʼ ἀμφὶ πονησόμεθʼ οἷσι μάλιστα 160κήδεός ἐστι νέκυς· παρὰ δʼ οἵ τʼ ἀγοὶ ἄμμι μενόντων. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων, αὐτίκα λαὸν μὲν σκέδασεν κατὰ νῆας ἐΐσας, κηδεμόνες δὲ παρʼ αὖθι μένον καὶ νήεον ὕλην, ποίησαν δὲ πυρὴν ἑκατόμπεδον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, 165ἐν δὲ πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ νεκρὸν θέσαν ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ. πολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς πρόσθε πυρῆς ἔδερόν τε καὶ ἄμφεπον· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πάντων δημὸν ἑλὼν ἐκάλυψε νέκυν μεγάθυμος Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, περὶ δὲ δρατὰ σώματα νήει.

So vowed that old man, but thou didst not fulfill for him his desire. Now, therefore, seeing I go not home to my dear native land, I would fain give unto the warrior Patroclus this lock to fare with him. He spake and set the lock in the hands of his dear comrade, and in them all aroused the desire of lament. And now would the light of the sun have gone down upon their weeping, had not Achilles drawn nigh to Agamemnon's side and said: Son of Atreus—for to thy words as to those of none other will the host of the Achaeans give heed— of lamenting they may verily take their fill, but for this present disperse them from the pyre, and bid them make ready their meal; for all things here we to whom the dead is nearest and dearest will take due care; and with us let the chieftains also abide. Then when the king of men Agamemnon heard this word, he forthwith dispersed the folk amid the shapely ships, but they that were neareat and dearest to the dead abode there, and heaped up the wood, and made a pyre of an hundred feet this way and that, and on the topmost part thereof they set the dead man, their hearts sorrow-laden. And many goodly sheep and many sleek kine of shambling gait they flayed and dressed before the pyre; and from them all great-souled Achilles gathered the fat, and enfolded the dead therein from head to foot, and about him heaped the flayed bodies.

170ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει μέλιτος καὶ ἀλείφατος ἀμφιφορῆας πρὸς λέχεα κλίνων· πίσυρας δʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους ἐσσυμένως ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ μεγάλα στεναχίζων. ἐννέα τῷ γε ἄνακτι τραπεζῆες κύνες ἦσαν, καὶ μὲν τῶν ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ δύο δειροτομήσας, 175δώδεκα δὲ Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς χαλκῷ δηϊόων· κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα· ἐν δὲ πυρὸς μένος ἧκε σιδήρεον ὄφρα νέμοιτο. ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον· χαῖρέ μοι ὦ Πάτροκλε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι· 180πάντα γὰρ ἤδη τοι τελέω τὰ πάροιθεν ὑπέστην, δώδεκα μὲν Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς τοὺς ἅμα σοὶ πάντας πῦρ ἐσθίει· Ἕκτορα δʼ οὔ τι δώσω Πριαμίδην πυρὶ δαπτέμεν, ἀλλὰ κύνεσσιν. ὣς φάτʼ ἀπειλήσας· τὸν δʼ οὐ κύνες ἀμφεπένοντο, 185ἀλλὰ κύνας μὲν ἄλαλκε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη ἤματα καὶ νύκτας, ῥοδόεντι δὲ χρῖεν ἐλαίῳ ἀμβροσίῳ, ἵνα μή μιν ἀποδρύφοι ἑλκυστάζων. τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ κυάνεον νέφος ἤγαγε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων οὐρανόθεν πεδίον δέ, κάλυψε δὲ χῶρον ἅπαντα 190ὅσσον ἐπεῖχε νέκυς, μὴ πρὶν μένος ἠελίοιο σκήλειʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ χρόα ἴνεσιν ἠδὲ μέλεσσιν.

And thereon he set two-handled jars of honey and oil, leaning them against the bier; and four horses with high arched neeks he cast swiftly upon the pyre, groaning aloud the while. Nine dogs had the prince, that fed beneath his table, and of these did Achilles cut the throats of twain, and cast them upon the pyre. And twelve valiant sons of the great-souled Trojans slew he with the bronze—and grim was the work he purposed in his heart and thereto he set the iron might of fire, to range at large. Then he uttered a groan, and called on his dear comrade by name: Hail, I bid thee, O Patroclus, even in the house of Hades, for now am I bringing all to pass, which afore-time I promised thee. Twelve valiant sons of the great-souled Trojans, lo all these together with thee the flame devoureth; but Hector, son of Priam, will I nowise give to the fire to feed upon, but to dogs. So spake he threatening, but with Hector might no dogs deal; nay, the daughter of Zeus, Aphrodite, kept dogs from him by day alike and by night, and with oil anointed she him, rose-sweet, ambrosial, to the end that Achilles might not tear him as he dragged him. And over him Phoebus Apollo drew a dark cloud from heaven to the plain, and covered all the place whereon the dead man lay, lest ere the time the might of the sun should shrivel his flesh round about on his sinews and limbs.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 23.108–191: The funeral pyre of Patroclus | Homer