Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 22.208–272: The scales of Zeus; Athena deceives Hector

Zeus lifts his golden scales and weighs the fates of the two men, and Hector's sinks toward Hades, and Apollo leaves him. Athena goes to Hector in the shape of his brother Deiphobus and tells him to stand and fight. Hector gladly turns, and proposes to Achilles that the victor shall give back the body of the other, but Achilles refuses.

Lines 22.208–272 · 745 words · click a number to copy its link
208ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπὶ κρουνοὺς ἀφίκοντο, καὶ τότε δὴ χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα, 210ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει δύο κῆρε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο, τὴν μὲν Ἀχιλλῆος, τὴν δʼ Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο, ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ Ἕκτορος αἴσιμον ἦμαρ, ᾤχετο δʼ εἰς Ἀΐδαο, λίπεν δέ ἑ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων. Πηλεΐωνα δʼ ἵκανε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, 215ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· νῦν δὴ νῶι ἔολπα Διῒ φίλε φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ οἴσεσθαι μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιοῖσι προτὶ νῆας Ἕκτορα δῃώσαντε μάχης ἄατόν περ ἐόντα. οὔ οἱ νῦν ἔτι γʼ ἔστι πεφυγμένον ἄμμε γενέσθαι, 220οὐδʼ εἴ κεν μάλα πολλὰ πάθοι ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων προπροκυλινδόμενος πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν στῆθι καὶ ἄμπνυε, τόνδε δʼ ἐγώ τοι οἰχομένη πεπιθήσω ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι. ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, ὃ δʼ ἐπείθετο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ, 225στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ μελίης χαλκογλώχινος ἐρεισθείς.

But when for the fourth time they were come to the springs, lo then the Father lifted on high his golden scales, and set therein two fates of grievous death, one for Achilles, and one for horse-taming Hector; then he grasped the balance by the midst and raised it; and down sank the day of doom of Hector, and departed unto Hades; and Phoebus Apollo left him. But unto Peleus' son came the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene, and drawing nigh she spake to him winged words: Now in good sooth, glorious Achilles, dear to Zeus, have I hope that to the ships we twain shall bear off great glory for the Achaeans, having slain Hector, insatiate of battle though he be; for now is it no more possible for him to escape us, nay, not though Apollo, that worketh afar, should travail sore, grovelling before Father Zeus, that beareth the aegis. But do thou now stand, and get thy breath; myself will I go and persuade yon warrior to do battle with thee man to man. So spake Athene, and he obeyed and was glad at heart, and stood leaning upon his bronze-barbed spear of ash.

226ἣ δʼ ἄρα τὸν μὲν ἔλειπε, κιχήσατο δʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον Δηϊφόβῳ ἐϊκυῖα δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν· ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· ἠθεῖʼ ἦ μάλα δή σε βιάζεται ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς 230ἄστυ πέρι Πριάμοιο ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκων· ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν καὶ ἀλεξώμεσθα μένοντες. τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· Δηΐφοβʼ ἦ μέν μοι τὸ πάρος πολὺ φίλτατος ἦσθα γνωτῶν οὓς Ἑκάβη ἠδὲ Πρίαμος τέκε παῖδας· 235νῦν δʼ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήσασθαι, ὃς ἔτλης ἐμεῦ εἵνεκʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδες ὀφθαλμοῖσι, τείχεος ἐξελθεῖν, ἄλλοι δʼ ἔντοσθε μένουσι. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· ἠθεῖʼ ἦ μὲν πολλὰ πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ 240λίσσονθʼ ἑξείης γουνούμενοι, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι, αὖθι μένειν· τοῖον γὰρ ὑποτρομέουσιν ἅπαντες· ἀλλʼ ἐμὸς ἔνδοθι θυμὸς ἐτείρετο πένθεϊ λυγρῷ. νῦν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτε μαχώμεθα, μὴ δέ τι δούρων ἔστω φειδωλή, ἵνα εἴδομεν εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς 245νῶϊ κατακτείνας ἔναρα βροτόεντα φέρηται νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, ἦ κεν σῷ δουρὶ δαμήῃ.

But she left him, and came to goodly Hector in the likeness of Deiphobus both in form and untiring voice; and drawing nigh she spake to him winged words: Dear brother, full surely fleet Achilles doeth violence unto thee, chasing thee with swift feet around the city of Priam. But come, let us stand, and abiding here ward off his onset. Then spake to her great Hector of the flashing helm: Deiphobus, verily in time past thou wast far the dearest of my brethren, that were born of Hecabe and Priam, but now I deem that I shall honour thee in my heart even more, seeing thou hast dared for my sake, when thine eyes beheld me, to come forth from out the wall, while the others abide within. To him then spake again the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene: Dear brother, in sooth my father and queenly mother, yea, and my comrades round about me, besought me much, entreating me each in turn that I should abide there, in such wise do they all tremble before Achilles; but my heart within me was sore distressed with bitter grief. Howbeit now let us charge straight at him and do battle, neither let there be anywise a sparing of spears, to the end that we may know whether Achilles shall slay us twain, and bear our bloody spoils to the hollow ships, or whether he shall haply be vanquished by thy spear.

247ὣς φαμένη καὶ κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀθήνη· οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες, τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· 250οὔ σʼ ἔτι Πηλέος υἱὲ φοβήσομαι, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ τρὶς περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου δίον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔτλην μεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον· νῦν αὖτέ με θυμὸς ἀνῆκε στήμεναι ἀντία σεῖο· ἕλοιμί κεν ἤ κεν ἁλοίην. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο θεοὺς ἐπιδώμεθα· τοὶ γὰρ ἄριστοι 255μάρτυροι ἔσσονται καὶ ἐπίσκοποι ἁρμονιάων· οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ σʼ ἔκπαγλον ἀεικιῶ, αἴ κεν ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς δώῃ καμμονίην, σὴν δὲ ψυχὴν ἀφέλωμαι· ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἄρ κέ σε συλήσω κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ νεκρὸν Ἀχαιοῖσιν δώσω πάλιν· ὣς δὲ σὺ ῥέζειν. 260τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· Ἕκτορ μή μοι ἄλαστε συνημοσύνας ἀγόρευε· ὡς οὐκ ἔστι λέουσι καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὅρκια πιστά, οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θυμὸν ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέουσι διαμπερὲς ἀλλήλοισιν, 265ὣς οὐκ ἔστʼ ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ φιλήμεναι, οὐδέ τι νῶϊν ὅρκια ἔσσονται, πρίν γʼ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν. παντοίης ἀρετῆς μιμνήσκεο· νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ αἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν. 270οὔ τοι ἔτʼ ἔσθʼ ὑπάλυξις, ἄφαρ δέ σε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη ἔγχει ἐμῷ δαμάᾳ· νῦν δʼ ἀθρόα πάντʼ ἀποτίσεις κήδεʼ ἐμῶν ἑτάρων οὓς ἔκτανες ἔγχεϊ θύων.

By such words and by guile Athene led him on. And when they were come near as they advanced one against the other, then first unto Achilles spake great Hector of the glancing helm: No longer, son of Peleus, will I flee from thee, as before I thrice fled around the great city of Priam, nor ever had the heart to abide thy onset; but now again my spirit biddeth me stand and face thee, whether I slay or be slain. But come hither, let us call the gods to witness, for they shall be the best witnesses and guardians of our covenant: I will do unto thee no foul despite, if Zeus grant me strength to outstay thee, and I take thy life; but when I have stripped from thee thy glorious armour, Achilles, I will give thy dead body back to the Achaeans; and so too do thou. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows spake unto him Achilles, swift of foot: Hector, talk not to me, thou madman, of covenants. As between lions and men there are no oaths of faith, nor do wolves and lambs have hearts of concord but are evil-minded continually one against the other, even so is it not possible for thee and me to be friends, neither shall there be oaths between us till one or the other shall have fallen, and glutted with his blood Ares, the warrior with tough shield of hide. Bethink thee of all manner of valour: now in good sooth it behoveth thee to quit thee as a spearman and a dauntless warrior. No more is there any escape for thee, but forthwith shall Pallas Athene lay thee low by my spear. Now shalt thou pay back the full price of all my sorrows for my comrades, whom thou didst slay when raging with thy spear.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.