Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 22.273–375: The death of Hector

Achilles' spear is turned aside by Athena, and Hector's spear strikes the shield and rebounds. Hector calls for another from Deiphobus, but finds no one there and knows that Athena has tricked him. He draws his sword and rushes in, and Achilles drives his spear through the gap at the throat, and Hector, dying, begs for burial and is told that dogs will eat him.

Lines 22.273–375 · 1224 words · click a number to copy its link
273ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος· καὶ τὸ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ· 275ἕζετο γὰρ προϊδών, τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο χάλκεον ἔγχος, ἐν γαίῃ δʼ ἐπάγη· ἀνὰ δʼ ἥρπασε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, ἂψ δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δίδου, λάθε δʼ Ἕκτορα ποιμένα λαῶν. Ἕκτωρ δὲ προσέειπεν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα· ἤμβροτες, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ 280ἐκ Διὸς ἠείδης τὸν ἐμὸν μόρον, ἦ τοι ἔφης γε· ἀλλά τις ἀρτιεπὴς καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ἔπλεο μύθων, ὄφρά σʼ ὑποδείσας μένεος ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι. οὐ μέν μοι φεύγοντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πήξεις, ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτι διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσον 285εἴ τοι ἔδωκε θεός· νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος ἄλευαι χάλκεον· ὡς δή μιν σῷ ἐν χροῒ πᾶν κομίσαιο. καί κεν ἐλαφρότερος πόλεμος Τρώεσσι γένοιτο σεῖο καταφθιμένοιο· σὺ γάρ σφισι πῆμα μέγιστον. ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, 290καὶ βάλε Πηλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε· τῆλε δʼ ἀπεπλάγχθη σάκεος δόρυ· χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ ὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός, στῆ δὲ κατηφήσας, οὐδʼ ἄλλʼ ἔχε μείλινον ἔγχος.

He spake, and poised his far-shadowing spear, and hurled it; howbeit glorious Hector, looking steadily at him, avoided it; for he was ware of it in time and crouched, and the spear of bronze flew over, and fixed itself in the earth; but Pallas Athene caught it up, and gave it back to Achilles, unseen of Hector, shepherd of the host. And Hector spake unto the peerless son of Peleus: Thou hast missed, neither in any wise, as it seemeth, O Achilles like to the gods, hast thou yet known from Zeus of my doom, though verily thou thoughtest it. Howbeit thou wast but glib of tongue and a cunning knave in speech, to the end that seized with fear of thee I might be forgetful of my might and my valour. Not as I flee shalt thou plant thy spear in my back; nay, as I charge upon thee drive thou it straight through my breast, if a god hath vouchsafed thee this. Now in turn avoid thou my spear of bronze. Would that thou mightest take it all into thy flesh! So would war be lighter for the Trojans, if thou wert but dead; for thou art their greatest bane. He spake, and poised his far-shadowing spear and hurled it, and smote full upon the shield of the son of Peleus, and missed him not; but far from the shield the spear leapt back. And Hector waxed wroth for that the swift shaft had flown vainly from his hand, and he stood confounded, for he had no second spear of ash.

294Δηΐφοβον δʼ ἐκάλει λευκάσπιδα μακρὸν ἀΰσας· 295ᾔτεέ μιν δόρυ μακρόν· ὃ δʼ οὔ τί οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦεν. Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε· ὢ πόποι ἦ μάλα δή με θεοὶ θάνατόνδε κάλεσσαν· Δηΐφοβον γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην ἥρωα παρεῖναι· ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν τείχει, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐξαπάτησεν Ἀθήνη. 300νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐγγύθι μοι θάνατος κακός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄνευθεν, οὐδʼ ἀλέη· ἦ γάρ ῥα πάλαι τό γε φίλτερον ἦεν Ζηνί τε καὶ Διὸς υἷι ἑκηβόλῳ, οἵ με πάρος γε πρόφρονες εἰρύατο· νῦν αὖτέ με μοῖρα κιχάνει. μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε καὶ ἀκλειῶς ἀπολοίμην, 305ἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας εἰρύσσατο φάσγανον ὀξύ, τό οἱ ὑπὸ λαπάρην τέτατο μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε, οἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥς τʼ αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις, ὅς τʼ εἶσιν πεδίον δὲ διὰ νεφέων ἐρεβεννῶν 310ἁρπάξων ἢ ἄρνʼ ἀμαλὴν ἤ πτῶκα λαγωόν· ὣς Ἕκτωρ οἴμησε τινάσσων φάσγανον ὀξύ.

Then he shouted aloud, and called to Deiphobus of the white shield, and asked of him a long spear; but he was nowise nigh. And Hector knew all in his heart, and spake, saying: Out upon it, in good sooth have the gods called me to my death. For I deemed that the warrior Deiphobus was at hand, but lo, he is within the wall, and Athene hath beguiled me. Now of a surety is evil death nigh at hand, and no more afar from me, neither is there way of escape. So I ween from of old was the good pleasure of Zeus, and of the son of Zeus, the god that smiteth afar, even of them that aforetime were wont to succour me with ready hearts; but now again is my doom come upon me. Nay, but not without a struggle let me die, neither ingloriously, but in the working of some great deed for the hearing of men that are yet to be. So saying, he drew his sharp sword that hung beside his flank, a great sword and a mighty, and gathering himself together swooped like an eagle of lofty flight that darteth to the plain through the dark clouds to seize a tender lamb or a cowering hare; even so Hector swooped, brandishing his sharp sword.

312ὁρμήθη δʼ Ἀχιλεύς, μένεος δʼ ἐμπλήσατο θυμὸν ἀγρίου, πρόσθεν δὲ σάκος στέρνοιο κάλυψε καλὸν δαιδάλεον, κόρυθι δʼ ἐπένευε φαεινῇ 315τετραφάλῳ· καλαὶ δὲ περισσείοντο ἔθειραι χρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς. οἷος δʼ ἀστὴρ εἶσι μετʼ ἀστράσι νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ ἕσπερος, ὃς κάλλιστος ἐν οὐρανῷ ἵσταται ἀστήρ, ὣς αἰχμῆς ἀπέλαμπʼ εὐήκεος, ἣν ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς 320πάλλεν δεξιτερῇ φρονέων κακὸν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, εἰσορόων χρόα καλόν, ὅπῃ εἴξειε μάλιστα. τοῦ δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τόσον μὲν ἔχε χρόα χάλκεα τεύχεα, καλά, τὰ Πατρόκλοιο βίην ἐνάριξε κατακτάς· φαίνετο δʼ ᾗ κληῗδες ἀπʼ ὤμων αὐχένʼ ἔχουσι, 325λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος· τῇ ῥʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαῶτʼ ἔλασʼ ἔγχεϊ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἁπαλοῖο διʼ αὐχένος ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ ἀσφάραγον μελίη τάμε χαλκοβάρεια, ὄφρά τί μιν προτιείποι ἀμειβόμενος ἐπέεσσιν.

And Achilles rushed upon him, his beart ful of savage wrath, and before his breast he made a covering of his shield, fair and richly-dight, and tossed his bright four-horned helm; and fair about it waved the plumes wrought of gold, that Hephaestus had set thick about the crest. As a star goeth forth amid stars in the darkness of night, the star of evening, that is set in heaven as the fairest of all; even so went forth a gleam from the keen spear that Achilles poised in his right hand, as he devised evil for goodly Hector, looking the while upon his fair flesh to find where it was most open to a blow. Now all the rest of his flesh was covered by the armour of bronze, the goodly armour that he had stripped from mighty Patroclus when he slew him; but there was an opening where the collar bones part the neck and shoulders, even the gullet, where destruction of life cometh most speedily; even there, as he rushed upon him, goodly Achilles let drive with his spear; and clean out through the tender neck went the point. Howbeit the ashen spear, heavy with bronze, clave not the windpipe, to the end that he might yet make answer and speak unto his foe.

330ἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃς· ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· Ἕκτορ ἀτάρ που ἔφης Πατροκλῆʼ ἐξεναρίζων σῶς ἔσσεσθʼ, ἐμὲ δʼ οὐδὲν ὀπίζεο νόσφιν ἐόντα, νήπιε· τοῖο δʼ ἄνευθεν ἀοσσητὴρ μέγʼ ἀμείνων νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγὼ μετόπισθε λελείμμην, 335ὅς τοι γούνατʼ ἔλυσα· σὲ μὲν κύνες ἠδʼ οἰωνοὶ ἑλκήσουσʼ ἀϊκῶς, τὸν δὲ κτεριοῦσιν Ἀχαιοί. τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· λίσσομʼ ὑπὲρ ψυχῆς καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων, μή με ἔα παρὰ νηυσὶ κύνας καταδάψαι Ἀχαιῶν, 340ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν χαλκόν τε ἅλις χρυσόν τε δέδεξο, δῶρα τά τοι δώσουσι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ, σῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς· 345μή με κύον γούνων γουνάζεο μὴ δὲ τοκήων· αἲ γάρ πως αὐτόν με μένος καὶ θυμὸς ἀνήη ὤμʼ ἀποταμνόμενον κρέα ἔδμεναι, οἷα ἔοργας, ὡς οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὃς σῆς γε κύνας κεφαλῆς ἀπαλάλκοι, οὐδʼ εἴ κεν δεκάκις τε καὶ εἰκοσινήριτʼ ἄποινα 350στήσωσʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἄγοντες, ὑπόσχωνται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα, οὐδʼ εἴ κέν σʼ αὐτὸν χρυσῷ ἐρύσασθαι ἀνώγοι Δαρδανίδης Πρίαμος· οὐδʼ ὧς σέ γε πότνια μήτηρ ἐνθεμένη λεχέεσσι γοήσεται ὃν τέκεν αὐτή, ἀλλὰ κύνες τε καὶ οἰωνοὶ κατὰ πάντα δάσονται.

Then fell he in the dust, and goodly Achilles exulted over him; Hector, thou thoughtest, I ween, whilst thou wast spoiling Patroclus, that thou wouldest be safe, and hadst no thought of me that was afar, thou fool. Far from him a helper, mightier far, was left behind at the hollow ships, even I, that have loosed thy knees. Thee shall dogs and birds rend in unseemly wise, but to him shall the Achaeans give burial. Then, his strength all spent, spake to him Hector of the flashing helm: I implore thee by thy life and knees and parents, suffer me not to be devoured of dogs by the ships of the Achaeans; nay, take thou store of bronze and gold, gifts that my fathec and queenly mother shall give thee, but my bodv give thou back to my home, that the Trojans and the Trojans' wives may give me my due meed of fire in my death. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows spake unto him Achilhes swift of foot: Implore me not, dog, by knees or parents. Would that in any wise wrath and fury might bid me carve thy flesh and myself eat it raw, because of what thou hast wrought, as surely as there lives no man that shall ward off the dogs from thy head; nay, not though they should bring hither and weigh out ransom ten-fold, aye, twenty-fold, and should promise yet more; nay, not though Priam, son of Dardanus, should bid pay thy weight in gold; not even so shall thy queenly mother lay thee on a bier and make lament for thee, the son herself did bear, but dogs and birds shall devour thee utterly.

355τὸν δὲ καταθνῄσκων προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· ἦ σʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων προτιόσσομαι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον πείσειν· ἦ γὰρ σοί γε σιδήρεος ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός. φράζεο νῦν, μή τοί τι θεῶν μήνιμα γένωμαι ἤματι τῷ ὅτε κέν σε Πάρις καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων 360ἐσθλὸν ἐόντʼ ὀλέσωσιν ἐνὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν. ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψε, ψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδος δὲ βεβήκει ὃν πότμον γοόωσα λιποῦσʼ ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην. τὸν καὶ τεθνηῶτα προσηύδα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· 365τέθναθι· κῆρα δʼ ἐγὼ τότε δέξομαι ὁππότε κεν δὴ Ζεὺς ἐθέλῃ τελέσαι ἠδʼ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι. ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐκ νεκροῖο ἐρύσσατο χάλκεον ἔγχος, καὶ τό γʼ ἄνευθεν ἔθηχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα αἱματόεντʼ· ἄλλοι δὲ περίδραμον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, 370οἳ καὶ θηήσαντο φυὴν καὶ εἶδος ἀγητὸν Ἕκτορος· οὐδʼ ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη. ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον· ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι Ἕκτωρ ἢ ὅτε νῆας ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ. 375ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε καὶ οὐτήσασκε παραστάς.

Then even in dying spake unto him Hector of the flashing helm: Verily I know thee well, and forbode what shall be, neither was it to be that I should persuade thee; of a truth the heart in thy breast is of iron. Bethink thee now lest haply I bring the wrath of the gods upon thee on the day when Paris and Phoebus Apollo shall slay thee, valorous though thou art, at the Scaean gate. Even as he thus spake the end of death enfolded him and his soul fleeting from his limbs was gone to Hades, bewailing her fate, leaving manliness and youth. And to him even in his death spake goodly Achilles: Lie thou dead; my fate will I accept whenso Zeus willeth to bring it to pass and the other immortal gods. He spake, and from the corpse drew forth his spear of bronze and laid it aside, and set him to strip from the shoulders the blood-stained armour. And the other sons of the Achaeans ran up round about, and gazed upon the stature and wondrous comeliness of Hector, neither did any draw nigh but dealt him a wound. And thus would one speak, with a look at his neighbour: Look you, in good sooth softer is Hector for the handling now than when he burned the ships with blazing fire. Thus would one speak, and drawing nigh would deal a wound.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 22, lines 273–375: The death of Hector | Homer