Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 23.798–897: Funeral games: armed duel, weight, archery and spear

Ajax and Diomedes fight in armour for the arms of Sarpedon, but the Achaeans stop the bout, fearing for them, and Achilles gives the sword to Diomedes. Polypoetes wins the contest in throwing the weight, and Meriones the archery with a dove tied to the mast. Agamemnon steps up for the spear, but Achilles awards him the prize without a throw.

Lines 23.798–897 · 1043 words · click a number to copy its link
798αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης κατὰ μὲν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος θῆκʼ ἐς ἀγῶνα φέρων, κατὰ δʼ ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν 800τεύχεα Σαρπήδοντος, ἅ μιν Πάτροκλος ἀπηύρα. στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν· ἄνδρε δύω περὶ τῶνδε κελεύομεν, ὥ περ ἀρίστω, τεύχεα ἑσσαμένω ταμεσίχροα χαλκὸν ἑλόντε ἀλλήλων προπάροιθεν ὁμίλου πειρηθῆναι. 805ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν, ψαύσῃ δʼ ἐνδίνων διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα, τῷ μὲν ἐγὼ δώσω τόδε φάσγανον ἀργυρόηλον καλὸν Θρηΐκιον, τὸ μὲν Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀπηύρων· τεύχεα δʼ ἀμφότεροι ξυνήϊα ταῦτα φερέσθων· 810καί σφιν δαῖτʼ ἀγαθὴν παραθήσομεν ἐν κλισίῃσιν. ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας, ἂν δʼ ἄρα Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο, κρατερὸς Διομήδης. οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἑκάτερθεν ὁμίλου θωρήχθησαν, ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέρω συνίτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι 815δεινὸν δερκομένω· θάμβος δʼ ἔχε πάντας Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες, τρὶς μὲν ἐπήϊξαν, τρὶς δὲ σχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν.

But the son of Peleus brought and set in the place of gathering a far-shadowing spear, and therewith a shield and helmet, the battlegear of Sarpedon, that Patroclus stripped from him; and he stood up, and spake among the Argives, saying: To win these prizes invite we warriors twain, the best there are, to clothe them in their armour and take bronze that cleaveth the flesh, and so make trial each of the other before the host. Whoso of the twain shall first reach the other's fair flesh, and touch the inward parts through armour and dark blood, to him will I give this silver-studded sword—a goodly Thracian sword which I took from Asteropaeus; and these arms let the twain bear away to hold in common; and a goodly banquet shall we set before them in our huts. So spake he, and thereat arose great Telamonian Aias, and up rose the son of Tydeus, stalwart Diomedes. So when they had armed them on either side of the throng, into the midst strode the twain, eager for battle, glaring terribly; and amazement held all the Achaeans. But when they were come near as they advanced one against the other, thrice they set upon each other, and thrice they clashed together.

818ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ἔπειτα κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην νύξʼ, οὐδὲ χρόʼ ἵκανεν· ἔρυτο γὰρ ἔνδοθι θώρηξ· 820Τυδεΐδης δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ὑπὲρ σάκεος μεγάλοιο αἰὲν ἐπʼ αὐχένι κῦρε φαεινοῦ δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ. καὶ τότε δή ῥʼ Αἴαντι περιδείσαντες Ἀχαιοὶ παυσαμένους ἐκέλευσαν ἀέθλια ἶσʼ ἀνελέσθαι. αὐτὰρ Τυδεΐδῃ δῶκεν μέγα φάσγανον ἥρως 825σὺν κολεῷ τε φέρων καὶ ἐϋτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι. αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης θῆκεν σόλον αὐτοχόωνον ὃν πρὶν μὲν ῥίπτασκε μέγα σθένος Ἠετίωνος· ἀλλʼ ἤτοι τὸν ἔπεφνε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, τὸν δʼ ἄγετʼ ἐν νήεσσι σὺν ἄλλοισι κτεάτεσσι. 830στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν· ὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθε. εἴ οἱ καὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἀπόπροθι πίονες ἀγροί, ἕξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς χρεώμενος· οὐ μὲν γάρ οἱ ἀτεμβόμενός γε σιδήρου 835ποιμὴν οὐδʼ ἀροτὴρ εἶσʼ ἐς πόλιν, ἀλλὰ παρέξει. ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης, ἂν δὲ Λεοντῆος κρατερὸν μένος ἀντιθέοιο, ἂν δʼ Αἴας Τελαμωνιάδης καὶ δῖος Ἐπειός.

Then Aias thrust upon the shield, that was well-balanced upon every side, but reached not the flesh, for the corselet within kept off the spear. But Tydeus' son over the great shield sought ever to reach the neck with the point of his shining spear. Then verily the Achaeans, seized with fear for Aias, bade them cease and take up equal prizes. Howbeit to Tydeus' son the warrior gave the great sword, bringing it with its scabbard and its well-cut baldric. Then the son of Peleus set forth a mass of rough-cast iron, which of old the mighty strength of Eëtion was wont to hurl; but him had swift-footed goodly Achilles slain, and bare this away on his ships with his other possessions. And he stood up, and spake among the Argives, saying : Up now, ye that will make essay likewise in this contest. Though his rich fields lie very far remote, the winner hereof will have it five revolving years to serve his need; for not through lack of iron will his shepherd or ploughman fare to the city; nay, this will supply them. So spake he, and thereat arose Polypoetes, staunch in fight, and the mighty strength of godlike Leonteus, and Aias, son of Telamon, and goodly Epeius.

839ἑξείης δʼ ἵσταντο, σόλον δʼ ἕλε δῖος Ἐπειός, 840ἧκε δὲ δινήσας· γέλασαν δʼ ἐπὶ πάντες Ἀχαιοί. δεύτερος αὖτʼ ἀφέηκε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος· τὸ τρίτον αὖτʼ ἔρριψε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας χειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς, καὶ ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σόλον εἷλε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης, 845ὅσσόν τίς τʼ ἔρριψε καλαύροπα βουκόλος ἀνήρ, ἣ δέ θʼ ἑλισσομένη πέτεται διὰ βοῦς ἀγελαίας, τόσσον παντὸς ἀγῶνος ὑπέρβαλε· τοὶ δὲ βόησαν. ἀνστάντες δʼ ἕταροι Πολυποίταο κρατεροῖο νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς ἔφερον βασιλῆος ἄεθλον. 850αὐτὰρ ὃ τοξευτῇσι τίθει ἰόεντα σίδηρον, κὰδ δʼ ἐτίθει δέκα μὲν πελέκεας, δέκα δʼ ἡμιπέλεκκα, ἱστὸν δʼ ἔστησεν νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο τηλοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ἐκ δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν λεπτῇ μηρίνθῳ δῆσεν ποδός, ἧς ἄρʼ ἀνώγει 855τοξεύειν· ὃς μέν κε βάλῃ τρήρωνα πέλειαν, πάντας ἀειράμενος πελέκεας οἶκον δὲ φερέσθω· ὃς δέ κε μηρίνθοιο τύχῃ ὄρνιθος ἁμαρτών, ἥσσων γὰρ δὴ κεῖνος, ὃ δʼ οἴσεται ἡμιπέλεκκα.

Then they took their places in order, and goodly Epeius grasped the mass, and whirled and flung it; and all the Achaeans laughed aloud thereat. Then in turn Leonteus, scion of Ares, made a cast; and thirdly great Telamonian Aias hurled it from his strong hand, and sent it past the marks of all. But when Polypoetes, staunch in fight, grasped the mass, far as a herdsman flings his crook, and it flieth whirling over the herds of kine, even so far cast he it beyond all the gathering; and the folk shouted aloud. And the comrades of strong Polypoetes rose up and bare to the hollow ships the prize of the king. Then for the archers he set forth as a prize dark iron—ten double axes laid he down, and ten single; and he set up the mast of a dark-prowed ship far off in the sands, and with a slender cord made fast thereto by the foot a timorous dove, and bade shoot thereat. Whoso shall hit the timorous dove let him take up all the double axes and bear them home, and whoso shall hit the cord, albeit he miss the bird: lo, his is the worser shot; he shall bear as his prize the single axes.

859ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα βίη Τεύκροιο ἄνακτος, 860ἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος. κλήρους δʼ ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον ἑλόντες, Τεῦκρος δὲ πρῶτος κλήρῳ λάχεν· αὐτίκα δʼ ἰὸν ἧκεν ἐπικρατέως, οὐδʼ ἠπείλησεν ἄνακτι ἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην. 865ὄρνιθος μὲν ἅμαρτε· μέγηρε γάρ οἱ τό γʼ Ἀπόλλων· αὐτὰρ ὃ μήρινθον βάλε πὰρ πόδα, τῇ δέδετʼ ὄρνις· ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπὸ μήρινθον τάμε πικρὸς ὀϊστός. ἣ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊξε πρὸς οὐρανόν, ἣ δὲ παρείθη μήρινθος ποτὶ γαῖαν· ἀτὰρ κελάδησαν Ἀχαιοί. 870σπερχόμενος δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης ἐξείρυσε χειρὸς τόξον· ἀτὰρ δὴ ὀϊστὸν ἔχεν πάλαι, ὡς ἴθυνεν. αὐτίκα δʼ ἠπείλησεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι ἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην. ὕψι δʼ ὑπὸ νεφέων εἶδε τρήρωνα πέλειαν· 875τῇ ῥʼ ὅ γε δινεύουσαν ὑπὸ πτέρυγος βάλε μέσσην, ἀντικρὺ δὲ διῆλθε βέλος· τὸ μὲν ἂψ ἐπὶ γαίῃ πρόσθεν Μηριόναο πάγη ποδός· αὐτὰρ ἣ ὄρνις ἱστῷ ἐφεζομένη νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο αὐχένʼ ἀπεκρέμασεν, σὺν δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν.

So spake he, and there arose the might of the prince Teucer, and Meriones the valiant squire of Idomeneus. Then took they the lots and shook them in a helmet of bronze, and Teucer drew by lot the first place. Forthwith he let fly an arrow with might, howbeit he vowed not that he would sacrifice to the king a glorious hecatomb of firstling lambs. So he missed the bird, for Apollo grudged him that, but hit the cord beside its foot wherewith the bird was tied, and clean away the bitter arrow cut the cord. Then the dove darted skyward, and the cord hung loose toward earth; and the Achaeans shouted aloud. But Meriones speedily snatched the bow from Teucer's hand—an arrow had he long been holding while Teucer aimed—and vowed forthwith that he would sacrifice to Apollo that smiteth afar a glorious hecatomb of firstling lambs. High up beneath the cloud he spied the timorous dove; there as she circled round he struck her in the midst beneath the wing, and clean through passed the shaft, and fell again and fixed itself in the ground before the foot of Meriones; but the dove, lighting on the mast of the dark-prowed ship, hung down her head, and her thick plumage drooped.

880ὠκὺς δʼ ἐκ μελέων θυμὸς πτάτο, τῆλε δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ κάππεσε· λαοὶ δʼ αὖ θηεῦντό τε θάμβησάν τε. ἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης πελέκεας δέκα πάντας ἄειρε, Τεῦκρος δʼ ἡμιπέλεκκα φέρεν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας. αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης κατὰ μὲν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, 885κὰδ δὲ λέβητʼ ἄπυρον βοὸς ἄξιον ἀνθεμόεντα θῆκʼ ἐς ἀγῶνα φέρων· καί ῥʼ ἥμονες ἄνδρες ἀνέσταν· ἂν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων, ἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης, θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος. τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· 890Ἀτρεΐδη· ἴδμεν γὰρ ὅσον προβέβηκας ἁπάντων ἠδʼ ὅσσον δυνάμει τε καὶ ἥμασιν ἔπλευ ἄριστος· ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν τόδʼ ἄεθλον ἔχων κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας ἔρχευ, ἀτὰρ δόρυ Μηριόνῃ ἥρωϊ πόρωμεν, εἰ σύ γε σῷ θυμῷ ἐθέλοις· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε. 895ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· δῶκε δὲ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως Ταλθυβίῳ κήρυκι δίδου περικαλλὲς ἄεθλον.

Swiftly the life fled from her limbs, and she fell far from the mast; and the people gazed thereon and were seized with wonder. And Meriones took up all ten double axes, and Teucer bare the single to the hollow ships. Then the son of Peleus brought and set in the place of gathering a far-shadowing spear and a cauldron, that the fire had not yet touched, of an ox's worth, embossed with flowers; and men that were hurlers of javelins arose. Up rose the son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon and Meriones, the valiant squire of Idomeneus. But among them spake swift-footed, goodly Achilles: Son of Atreus, we know how far thou excellest all, and how far thou art the best in might and in the casting of the spear; nay, take thou this prize and go thy way to the hollow ships; but the spear let us give to the warrior Meriones, if thy heart consenteth thereto: so at least would I have it: So spake he, and the king of men, Agamemnon, failed not to hearken. Then to Meriones he gave the spear of bronze, but the warrior handed to the herald Talthybius the beauteous prize.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.