Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 24.552–617: Priam ransoms Hector's body: Achilles gives up Hector

Priam asks to be taken to a seat while Hector lies unburied, and Achilles angrily refuses, and the old man gives way. Achilles has the body washed and anointed and placed on a bier, and lays a cloak and tunic over it, and prays to Patroclus not to be angry that he has given up the body. He then bids Priam sit to supper, and tells the tale of Niobe, who ate though her twelve children lay dead.

Lines 24.552–617 · 778 words · click a number to copy its link
552τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής· μή πω μʼ ἐς θρόνον ἵζε διοτρεφὲς ὄφρά κεν Ἕκτωρ κεῖται ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀκηδής, ἀλλὰ τάχιστα 555λῦσον ἵνʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδω· σὺ δὲ δέξαι ἄποινα πολλά, τά τοι φέρομεν· σὺ δὲ τῶνδʼ ἀπόναιο, καὶ ἔλθοις σὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, ἐπεί με πρῶτον ἔασας αὐτόν τε ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· 560μηκέτι νῦν μʼ ἐρέθιζε γέρον· νοέω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Ἕκτορά τοι λῦσαι, Διόθεν δέ μοι ἄγγελος ἦλθε μήτηρ, ἥ μʼ ἔτεκεν, θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος. καὶ δέ σε γιγνώσκω Πρίαμε φρεσίν, οὐδέ με λήθεις, ὅττι θεῶν τίς σʼ ἦγε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν. 565οὐ γάρ κε τλαίη βροτὸς ἐλθέμεν, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἡβῶν, ἐς στρατόν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν φυλάκους λάθοι, οὐδέ κʼ ὀχῆα ῥεῖα μετοχλίσσειε θυράων ἡμετεράων. τὼ νῦν μή μοι μᾶλλον ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς, μή σε γέρον οὐδʼ αὐτὸν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐάσω 570καὶ ἱκέτην περ ἐόντα, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτωμαι ἐφετμάς. ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων καὶ ἐπείθετο μύθῳ.

And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him: Seat me not anywise upon a chair, O thou fostered of Zeus, so long as Hector lieth uncared-for amid the huts; nay, give him back with speed, that mine eyes may behold him; and do thou accept the ransom, the great ransom, that we bring. So mayest thou have joy thereof, and come to thy native land, seeing that from the first thou hast spared me. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows spake to him Achilles swift of foot: Provoke me no more, old sir; I am minded even of myself to give Hector back to thee; for from Zeus there came to me a messenger, even the mother that bare me, daughter of the old man of the sea. And of thee, Priam, do I know in my heart—it nowise escapeth me—that some god led thee to the swift ships of the Achaeans. For no mortal man, were he never so young and strong, would dare to come amid the host; neither could he then escape the watch, nor easily thrust back the bar of our doors. Wherefore now stir my heart no more amid my sorrows, lest, old sire, I spare not even thee within the huts, my suppliant though thou art, and so sin against the behest of Zeus. So spake he, and the old man was seized with fear, and hearkened to his word.

572Πηλεΐδης δʼ οἴκοιο λέων ὣς ἆλτο θύραζε οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω θεράποντες ἕποντο ἥρως Αὐτομέδων ἠδʼ Ἄλκιμος, οὕς ῥα μάλιστα 575τῖʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάρων μετὰ Πάτροκλόν γε θανόντα, οἳ τόθʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν λύον ἵππους ἡμιόνους τε, ἐς δʼ ἄγαγον κήρυκα καλήτορα τοῖο γέροντος, κὰδ δʼ ἐπὶ δίφρου εἷσαν· ἐϋξέστου δʼ ἀπʼ ἀπήνης ᾕρεον Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα. 580κὰδ δʼ ἔλιπον δύο φάρεʼ ἐΰννητόν τε χιτῶνα, ὄφρα νέκυν πυκάσας δοίη οἶκον δὲ φέρεσθαι. δμῳὰς δʼ ἐκκαλέσας λοῦσαι κέλετʼ ἀμφί τʼ ἀλεῖψαι νόσφιν ἀειράσας, ὡς μὴ Πρίαμος ἴδοι υἱόν, μὴ ὃ μὲν ἀχνυμένῃ κραδίῃ χόλον οὐκ ἐρύσαιτο 585παῖδα ἰδών, Ἀχιλῆϊ δʼ ὀρινθείη φίλον ἦτορ, καί ἑ κατακτείνειε, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτηται ἐφετμάς. τὸν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, αὐτὸς τόν γʼ Ἀχιλεὺς λεχέων ἐπέθηκεν ἀείρας, 590σὺν δʼ ἕταροι ἤειραν ἐϋξέστην ἐπʼ ἀπήνην.

But like a lion the son of Peleus sprang forth from the houses—not alone, for with him went two squires as well, even the warrior Automedon and Alcimus, they that Achilles honoured above all his comrades, after the dead Patroclus. These then loosed from beneath the yoke the horses and mules, and led within the herald, the crier of the old king, and set him on a chair; and from the wain of goodly felloes they took the countless ransom for Hector's head. But they left there two robes and a fair-woven tunic, to the end that Achilles might enwrap the dead therein and so give him to be borne to his home. Then Achilles called forth the hand-maids and bade them wash and anoint him, bearing him to a place apart that Priam might not have sight of his son, lest in grief of heart he should not restrain his wrath, whenso he had sight of his son, and Achilles' own spirit be stirred to anger, and he slay him, and so sin against the behest of Zeus. So when the handmaids had washed the body and anointed it with oil, and had cast about it a fair cloak and a tunic, then Achilles himself lifted it and set it upon a bier, and his comrades with him lifted it upon the polished waggon.

591ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον· μή μοι Πάτροκλε σκυδμαινέμεν, αἴ κε πύθηαι εἰν Ἄϊδός περ ἐὼν ὅτι Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔλυσα πατρὶ φίλῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ μοι ἀεικέα δῶκεν ἄποινα. 595σοὶ δʼ αὖ ἐγὼ καὶ τῶνδʼ ἀποδάσσομαι ὅσσʼ ἐπέοικεν. ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐς κλισίην πάλιν ἤϊε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, ἕζετο δʼ ἐν κλισμῷ πολυδαιδάλῳ ἔνθεν ἀνέστη τοίχου τοῦ ἑτέρου, ποτὶ δὲ Πρίαμον φάτο μῦθον· υἱὸς μὲν δή τοι λέλυται γέρον ὡς ἐκέλευες, 600κεῖται δʼ ἐν λεχέεσσʼ· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν ὄψεαι αὐτὸς ἄγων· νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου. καὶ γάρ τʼ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου, τῇ περ δώδεκα παῖδες ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὄλοντο ἓξ μὲν θυγατέρες, ἓξ δʼ υἱέες ἡβώοντες. 605τοὺς μὲν Ἀπόλλων πέφνεν ἀπʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο χωόμενος Νιόβῃ, τὰς δʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα, οὕνεκʼ ἄρα Λητοῖ ἰσάσκετο καλλιπαρῄῳ· φῆ δοιὼ τεκέειν, ἣ δʼ αὐτὴ γείνατο πολλούς· τὼ δʼ ἄρα καὶ δοιώ περ ἐόντʼ ἀπὸ πάντας ὄλεσσαν. 610οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐννῆμαρ κέατʼ ἐν φόνῳ, οὐδέ τις ἦεν κατθάψαι, λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων· τοὺς δʼ ἄρα τῇ δεκάτῃ θάψαν θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες. ἣ δʼ ἄρα σίτου μνήσατʼ, ἐπεὶ κάμε δάκρυ χέουσα. νῦν δέ που ἐν πέτρῃσιν ἐν οὔρεσιν οἰοπόλοισιν 615ἐν Σιπύλῳ, ὅθι φασὶ θεάων ἔμμεναι εὐνὰς νυμφάων, αἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀχελώϊον ἐρρώσαντο, ἔνθα λίθος περ ἐοῦσα θεῶν ἐκ κήδεα πέσσει.

Then he uttered a groan, and called by name upon his dear comrade: Be not thou wroth with me, Patroclus, if thou hearest even in the house of Hades that I have given back goodly Hector to his dear father, seeing that not unseemly is the ransom he hath given me. And unto thee shall I render even of this all that is thy due. So spake goodly Achilles, and went back within the hut and on the richly-wrought chair wherefrom he had risen sate him down by the opposite wall, and he spake unto Priam, saying: Thy son, old sire, is given back according to thy wish, and lieth upon a bier; and at break of day thou shalt thyself behold him, as thou bearest him hence; but for this present let us bethink us of supper. For even the fair-haired Niobe bethought her of meat, albeit twelve children perished in her halls, six daughters and six lusty sons. The sons Apollo slew with shafts from his silver bow, being wroth against Niobe, and the daughters the archer Artemis, for that Niobe had matched her with fair-cheeked Leto, saying that the goddess had borne but twain, while herself was mother to many; wherefore they, for all they were but twain, destroyed them all. For nine days' space they lay in their blood, nor was there any to bury them, for the son of Cronos turned the folk to stones; howbeit on the tenth day the gods of heaven buried them; and Niobe bethought her of meat, for she was wearied with the shedding of tears. And now somewhere amid the rocks, on the lonely mountains, on Sipylus, where, men say, are the couching-places of goddesses, even of the nymphs that range swiftly in the dance about Achelous, there, albeit a stone, she broodeth over her woes sent by the gods.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.