Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 23.651–739: Funeral games: boxing and wrestling

Epeius, who boasts that he will crush his opponent, wins the mule in the boxing and knocks out Euryalus with one blow. Ajax and Odysseus compete in the wrestling, and neither can throw the other, until Achilles stops them and gives both the prize.

Lines 23.651–739 · 1055 words · click a number to copy its link
651ὣς φάτο, Πηλεΐδης δὲ πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον Ἀχαιῶν ᾤχετʼ, ἐπεὶ πάντʼ αἶνον ἐπέκλυε Νηλεΐδαο. αὐτὰρ ὃ πυγμαχίης ἀλεγεινῆς θῆκεν ἄεθλα· ἡμίονον ταλαεργὸν ἄγων κατέδησʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι 655ἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην, ἥ τʼ ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι· τῷ δʼ ἄρα νικηθέντι τίθει δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον. στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν· Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ ἄνδρε δύω περὶ τῶνδε κελεύομεν, ὥ περ ἀρίστω, 660πὺξ μάλʼ ἀνασχομένω πεπληγέμεν· ᾧ δέ κʼ Ἀπόλλων δώῃ καμμονίην, γνώωσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί, ἡμίονον ταλαεργὸν ἄγων κλισίην δὲ νεέσθω· αὐτὰρ ὃ νικηθεὶς δέπας οἴσεται ἀμφικύπελλον. ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀνὴρ ἠΰς τε μέγας τε 665εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης υἱὸς Πανοπῆος Ἐπειός, ἅψατο δʼ ἡμιόνου ταλαεργοῦ φώνησέν τε· ἆσσον ἴτω ὅς τις δέπας οἴσεται ἀμφικύπελλον· ἡμίονον δʼ οὔ φημί τινʼ ἀξέμεν ἄλλον Ἀχαιῶν πυγμῇ νικήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι εἶναι ἄριστος.

So spake he, and the son of Peleus went his way through the great throng of the Achaeans, when he had hearkened to all the praise of the son of Neleus. Then set he forth prizes for grievous boxing. A sturdy mule he brought and tethered in the place of gathering, a mule of six years, unbroken, the which is hardest of all to break; and for him that should be worsted he appointed a two-handled cup. Then he stood up, and spake among the Argives, saying: Son of Atreus, and ye other well-greaved Achaeans, for these prizes we invite warriors twain, the best there are, to lift up their hands and box amain. Let him to whom Apollo shall grant strength to endure, and all the Achaeans have knowledge thereof, go his way to his hut leading the sturdy mule; but he that is worsted shall bear as his prize the two-handled cup. So spake he, and forthwith uprose a man valiant and tall, well-skilled in boxing, even Epeius, son of Panopeus; and he laid hold of the sturdy mule, and spake, saying: Let him draw nigh, whoso is to bear as his prize the two-handled cup: the mule I deem that none other of the Achaeans shall lead away, by worsting me with his fists, for I avow me to be the best man.

670ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὅττι μάχης ἐπιδεύομαι; οὐδʼ ἄρα πως ἦν ἐν πάντεσσʼ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι. ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται· ἀντικρὺ χρόα τε ῥήξω σύν τʼ ὀστέʼ ἀράξω. κηδεμόνες δέ οἱ ἐνθάδʼ ἀολλέες αὖθι μενόντων, 675οἵ κέ μιν ἐξοίσουσιν ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δαμέντα. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ. Εὐρύαλος δέ οἱ οἶος ἀνίστατο ἰσόθεος φὼς Μηκιστῆος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος, ὅς ποτε Θήβας δʼ ἦλθε δεδουπότος Οἰδιπόδαο 680ἐς τάφον· ἔνθα δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα Καδμείωνας. τὸν μὲν Τυδεΐδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἀμφεπονεῖτο θαρσύνων ἔπεσιν, μέγα δʼ αὐτῷ βούλετο νίκην. ζῶμα δέ οἱ πρῶτον παρακάββαλεν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα δῶκεν ἱμάντας ἐϋτμήτους βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο. 685τὼ δὲ ζωσαμένω βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα, ἄντα δʼ ἀνασχομένω χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν ἅμʼ ἄμφω σύν ῥʼ ἔπεσον, σὺν δέ σφι βαρεῖαι χεῖρες ἔμιχθεν.

Sufficeth it not that I fall short in battle? One may not, meseemeth, prove him a man of skill in every work. For thus will I speak, and verily this thing shall be brought to pass : utterly will I rend his flesh and crush his bones. Wherefore let them that be next of kin abide here in a throng, that they may bear him forth when worsted by my hands. So spake he, and they all became hushed in silence. Euryalus alone uprose to face him, a godlike man, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus, who on a time had come to Thebes for the burial of Oedipus, when he had fallen, and there had worsted all the sons of Cadmus. And Tydeus' son, famed for his spear, made Euryalus ready, heartening him with words, and much he wished for him victory. A girdle first he cast about him, and thereafter gave him well-cut thongs of the hide of an ox of the field. So the twain, when they had girded themselves, stepped into the midst of the place of gathering, and lifting their mighty hands on high one against the other, fell to, and their hands clashed together in heavy blows.

688δεινὸς δὲ χρόμαδος γενύων γένετʼ, ἔρρεε δʼ ἱδρὼς πάντοθεν ἐκ μελέων· ἐπὶ δʼ ὄρνυτο δῖος Ἐπειός, 690κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν ἑστήκειν· αὐτοῦ γὰρ ὑπήριπε φαίδιμα γυῖα. ὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ φρικὸς Βορέω ἀναπάλλεται ἰχθὺς θίνʼ ἐν φυκιόεντι, μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν, ὣς πληγεὶς ἀνέπαλτʼ· αὐτὰρ μεγάθυμος Ἐπειὸς 695χερσὶ λαβὼν ὤρθωσε· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι, οἵ μιν ἄγον διʼ ἀγῶνος ἐφελκομένοισι πόδεσσιν αἷμα παχὺ πτύοντα κάρη βάλλονθʼ ἑτέρωσε· κὰδ δʼ ἀλλοφρονέοντα μετὰ σφίσιν εἷσαν ἄγοντες, αὐτοὶ δʼ οἰχόμενοι κόμισαν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον. 700Πηλεΐδης δʼ αἶψʼ ἄλλα κατὰ τρίτα θῆκεν ἄεθλα δεικνύμενος Δαναοῖσι παλαισμοσύνης ἀλεγεινῆς, τῷ μὲν νικήσαντι μέγαν τρίποδʼ ἐμπυριβήτην, τὸν δὲ δυωδεκάβοιον ἐνὶ σφίσι τῖον Ἀχαιοί· ἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκʼ ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε, 705πολλὰ δʼ ἐπίστατο ἔργα, τίον δέ ἑ τεσσαράβοιον. στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν· ὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθον.

Dread then was the grinding of their teeth, and the sweat flowed on every side from off their limbs But upon him goodly Epeius rushed as he peered for an opening, and smote him on the cheek, nor after that, methinks, did he long stand upright, for even there did his glorious limbs sink beneath him. And as when beneath the ripple of the North Wind a fish leapeth up on the tangle-strewn sand of a shallow, and then the black wave hideth it, even so leapt up Euryalus when he was smitten. But great-souled Epeius took him in his hands and set him on his feet, and his dear comrades thronged about him and led him through the place of gathering with trailing feet, spitting out clotted blood and letting his head hang to one side; and they brought him wandering in his wits and set him down in the midst of their company, and themselves went and fetched the two-handled cup. Then the son of Peleus forthwith ordained in the sight of the Danaans other prizes for a third contest, even for toilsome wrestling — for him that should win, a great tripod to stand upon the fire, that the Achaeans prized amongst them at the worth of twelve oxen; and for him that should be worsted he set in the midst a woman of manifold skill in handiwork, and they prized her at the worth of four oxen. And he stood up and spake among the Argives saying: Up now, ye twain that will make essay likewise in this contest.

708ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας, ἂν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς πολύμητις ἀνίστατο κέρδεα εἰδώς. 710ζωσαμένω δʼ ἄρα τώ γε βάτην ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα, ἀγκὰς δʼ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν ὡς ὅτʼ ἀμείβοντες, τούς τε κλυτὸς ἤραρε τέκτων δώματος ὑψηλοῖο βίας ἀνέμων ἀλεείνων. τετρίγει δʼ ἄρα νῶτα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν 715ἑλκόμενα στερεῶς· κατὰ δὲ νότιος ῥέεν ἱδρώς, πυκναὶ δὲ σμώδιγγες ἀνὰ πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους αἵματι φοινικόεσσαι ἀνέδραμον· οἳ δὲ μάλʼ αἰεὶ νίκης ἱέσθην τρίποδος πέρι ποιητοῖο· οὔτʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πελάσσαι, 720οὔτʼ Αἴας δύνατο, κρατερὴ δʼ ἔχεν ἲς Ὀδυσῆος. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀνίαζον ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς, δὴ τότε μιν προσέειπε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ ἤ μʼ ἀνάειρʼ, ἢ ἐγὼ σέ· τὰ δʼ αὖ Διὶ πάντα μελήσει. 725ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνάειρε· δόλου δʼ οὐ λήθετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς· κόψʼ ὄπιθεν κώληπα τυχών, ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα, κὰδ δʼ ἔβαλʼ ἐξοπίσω· ἐπὶ δὲ στήθεσσιν Ὀδυσσεὺς κάππεσε· λαοὶ δʼ αὖ θηεῦντό τε θάμβησάν τε. δεύτερος αὖτʼ ἀνάειρε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, 730κίνησεν δʼ ἄρα τυτθὸν ἀπὸ χθονός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄειρεν, ἐν δὲ γόνυ γνάμψεν· ἐπὶ δὲ χθονὶ κάππεσον ἄμφω πλησίοι ἀλλήλοισι, μιάνθησαν δὲ κονίῃ. καί νύ κε τὸ τρίτον αὖτις ἀναΐξαντʼ ἐπάλαιον, εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτὸς ἀνίστατο καὶ κατέρυκε· 735μηκέτʼ ἐρείδεσθον, μὴ δὲ τρίβεσθε κακοῖσι· νίκη δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν· ἀέθλια δʼ ἶσʼ ἀνελόντες ἔρχεσθʼ, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλοι ἀεθλεύωσιν Ἀχαιοί. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο, καί ῥʼ ἀπομορξαμένω κονίην δύσαντο χιτῶνας.

So spake he, and thereat arose great Telamonian Aias, and up stood Odysseus of many wiles, he of guileful mind. Then the twain, when they had girded themselves, stepped into the midst of the place of gathering, and laid hold each of the other in close grip with their mighty hands, even as the gable-rafters of a high house, which some famous craftsman joineth together, that he may have shelter from the might of the winds. And their backs creaked beneath the violent tugging of bold hands, and the sweat flowed down in streams; and many a weal, red with blood, sprang up along their ribs and shoulders; and ever they strove amain for victory, to win the fashioned tripod. Neither might Odysseus avail to trip Aias and throw him to the ground, nor Aias him, for the mighty strength of Odysseus held firm. But when at the last they were like to weary the well-greaved Achaeans, then unto Odysseus spake great Telamonian Aias, saying: Zeus-born, son of Laertes, Odysseus of many wiles, lift thou me, or let me lift thee; but the issue shall rest with Zeus. He spake, and lifted him; but Odysseus forgat not his guile. He smote with a sure blow the hollow of Aias' knee from behind, and loosed his limbs, so that he was thrown backward, and Odysseus fell upon his chest; and the people gazed thereon and were seized with wonder. Then in his turn the much-enduring goodly Odysseus essayed to lift, and moved him a little from the ground, but lifted him not, howbeit he crooked his knee within that of Aias, and upon the ground the twain fell one hard by the other, and were befouled with dust. And now would they have sprung up again for the third time and have wrestled, but that Achilles himself uprose, and held them back: No longer strain ye now, neither be worn with pain. Victory is with you both; take then equal prizes and go your ways, that other Achaeans too may strive. So spake he, and they readily hearkened to him and obeyed, and wiping from their bodies the dust they put upon them their tunics.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 23.651–739: Funeral games: boxing and wrestling