Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 24.322–467: Priam's night journey; Hermes appears

Priam and the herald Idaeus drive out of the city, and in the dusk, as they water the mules at the tomb of Ilus, Hermes meets them in the shape of a young Myrmidon. Hermes takes the reins, gets them past the guards, and tells Priam who he is and where Achilles lies. He tells Priam to go in and clasp the knees of Achilles and entreat him by his father, his mother and his child.

Lines 24.322–467 · 1666 words · click a number to copy its link
322σπερχόμενος δʼ ὃ γεραιὸς ἑοῦ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου, ἐκ δʼ ἔλασε προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου. πρόσθε μὲν ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην, 325τὰς Ἰδαῖος ἔλαυνε δαΐφρων· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν ἵπποι, τοὺς ὃ γέρων ἐφέπων μάστιγι κέλευε καρπαλίμως κατὰ ἄστυ· φίλοι δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο πόλλʼ ὀλοφυρόμενοι ὡς εἰ θάνατον δὲ κιόντα. οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πόλιος κατέβαν, πεδίον δʼ ἀφίκοντο, 330οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄψορροι προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέοντο παῖδες καὶ γαμβροί, τὼ δʼ οὐ λάθον εὐρύοπα Ζῆν ἐς πεδίον προφανέντε· ἰδὼν δʼ ἐλέησε γέροντα, αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἑρμείαν υἱὸν φίλον ἀντίον ηὔδα· Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν 335ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι, καί τʼ ἔκλυες ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκʼ ἴθι καὶ Πρίαμον κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ὣς ἄγαγʼ, ὡς μήτʼ ἄρ τις ἴδῃ μήτʼ ἄρ τε νοήσῃ τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν, πρὶν Πηλεΐωνα δʼ ἱκέσθαι. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.

Then the old man made haste and stepped upon his car, and drave forth from the gateway and the echoing portico. In front the mules drew the four-wheeled waggon, driven of wise-hearted Idaeus, and behind came the horses that the old man ever plying the lash drave swiftly through the city; and his kinsfolk all followed wailing aloud as for one faring to his death. But when they had gone down from the city and were come to the plain, back then to Ilios turned his sons and his daughters' husbands; howbeit the twain were not unseen of Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, as they came forth upon the plain, but as he saw the old man he had pity, and forthwith spake to Hermes, his dear son: Hermes, seeing thou lovest above all others to companion a man, and thou givest ear to whomsoever thou art minded up, go and guide Priam unto the hollow ships of the Achaeans in such wise that no man may see him or be ware of him among all the Damans, until he be come to the son of Peleus. So spake he, and the messenger, Argeiphontes, failed not to hearken.

340αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν ἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο· εἵλετο δὲ ῥάβδον, τῇ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει· 345τὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης. αἶψα δʼ ἄρα Τροίην τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκανε, βῆ δʼ ἰέναι κούρῳ αἰσυμνητῆρι ἐοικὼς πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦ περ χαριεστάτη ἥβη. οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν μέγα σῆμα παρὲξ Ἴλοιο ἔλασσαν, 350στῆσαν ἄρʼ ἡμιόνους τε καὶ ἵππους ὄφρα πίοιεν ἐν ποταμῷ· δὴ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἤλυθε γαῖαν. τὸν δʼ ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο ἰδὼν ἐφράσσατο κῆρυξ Ἑρμείαν, ποτὶ δὲ Πρίαμον φάτο φώνησέν τε· φράζεο Δαρδανίδη· φραδέος νόου ἔργα τέτυκται. 355ἄνδρʼ ὁρόω, τάχα δʼ ἄμμε διαρραίσεσθαι ὀΐω. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φεύγωμεν ἐφʼ ἵππων, ἤ μιν ἔπειτα γούνων ἁψάμενοι λιτανεύσομεν αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ.

Straightway he bound beneath his feet his beautiful sandals, immortal, golden, which were wont to bear him over the waters of the sea and over the boundless land swift as the blasts of the wind. And he took the wand wherewith he lulls to sleep the eyes of whom he will, while others again he awakens even out of slumber. With this in his hand the strong Argeiphontes flew, and quickly came to Troy-land and the Hellespont. Then went he his way in the likeness of a young man that is a prince, with the first down upon his lip, in whom the charm of youth is fairest. Now when the others had driven past the great barrow of Ilus, they halted the mules and the horses in the river to drink; for darkness was by now come down over the earth. Then the herald looked and was ware of Hermes hard at hand, and he spake to Priam, saying: Bethink thee, son of Dardanus, here is somewhat that calls for prudent thought. I see a man, and anon methinks shall we be cut to pieces. Come, let us flee in thie chariot, or at least clasp his knees and entreat him, if so be he will have pity.

358ὣς φάτο, σὺν δὲ γέροντι νόος χύτο, δείδιε δʼ αἰνῶς, ὀρθαὶ δὲ τρίχες ἔσταν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι, 360στῆ δὲ ταφών· αὐτὸς δʼ ἐριούνιος ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν χεῖρα γέροντος ἑλὼν ἐξείρετο καὶ προσέειπε· πῇ πάτερ ὧδʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἡμιόνους ἰθύνεις νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι; οὐδὲ σύ γʼ ἔδεισας μένεα πνείοντας Ἀχαιούς, 365οἵ τοι δυσμενέες καὶ ἀνάρσιοι ἐγγὺς ἔασι; τῶν εἴ τίς σε ἴδοιτο θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν τοσσάδʼ ὀνείατʼ ἄγοντα, τίς ἂν δή τοι νόος εἴη; οὔτʼ αὐτὸς νέος ἐσσί, γέρων δέ τοι οὗτος ὀπηδεῖ, ἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ. 370ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐδέν σε ῥέξω κακά, καὶ δέ κεν ἄλλον σεῦ ἀπαλεξήσαιμι· φίλῳ δέ σε πατρὶ ἐΐσκω. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής· οὕτω πῃ τάδε γʼ ἐστὶ φίλον τέκος ὡς ἀγορεύεις. ἀλλʼ ἔτι τις καὶ ἐμεῖο θεῶν ὑπερέσχεθε χεῖρα, 375ὅς μοι τοιόνδʼ ἧκεν ὁδοιπόρον ἀντιβολῆσαι αἴσιον, οἷος δὴ σὺ δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἀγητός, πέπνυσαί τε νόῳ, μακάρων δʼ ἔξεσσι τοκήων.

So spake he, and the old man's mind was confounded and he was sore afraid, and up stood the hair on his pliant limbs, and he stood in a daze. But of himself the Helper drew nigh, and took the ohd man's hand, and made question of him, saying: Whither, Father, dost thou thus guide horses and mules through the immortal night when other mortals are sleeping? Art thou untouched by fear of the fury-breathing Achaeans, hostile men and ruthless that are hard anigh thee? If one of them should espy thee bearing such store of treasure through the swift bhack night, what were thy counsel then? Thou art not young thyself, and thy companion here is old, that ye should defend you against a man, when one waxes wroth without a cause. But as for me, I will nowise harm thee, nay, I will even defend thee against another; for like unto my dear father art thou in mine eyes. Then the old man, godlike Priam, answered him: Even so, dear son, are all these things as thou dost say. Howbeit still hath some god stretched out his hand even over me, seeing he hath sent a way-farer such as thou to meet me, a bringer of blessing, so wondrous in form and comeliness, and withal thou art wise of heart; blessed parents are they from whom thou art sprung.

378τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης· ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες. 380ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον, ἠέ πῃ ἐκπέμπεις κειμήλια πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαποὺς ἵνα περ τάδε τοι σόα μίμνῃ, ἦ ἤδη πάντες καταλείπετε Ἴλιον ἱρὴν δειδιότες· τοῖος γὰρ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ὄλωλε 385σὸς πάϊς· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι μάχης ἐπιδεύετʼ Ἀχαιῶν. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής· τίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε τέων δʼ ἔξεσσι τοκήων; ὥς μοι καλὰ τὸν οἶτον ἀπότμου παιδὸς ἔνισπες. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης· 390πειρᾷ ἐμεῖο γεραιὲ καὶ εἴρεαι Ἕκτορα δῖον. τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ μάλα πολλὰ μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὄπωπα, καὶ εὖτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἐλάσσας Ἀργείους κτείνεσκε δαΐζων ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ· ἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν· οὐ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς 395εἴα μάρνασθαι κεχολωμένος Ἀτρεΐωνι. τοῦ γὰρ ἐγὼ θεράπων, μία δʼ ἤγαγε νηῦς εὐεργής· Μυρμιδόνων δʼ ἔξειμι, πατὴρ δέ μοί ἐστι Πολύκτωρ.

Then again the messenger, Argeiphontes, spake to him: Yea verily, old sire, all this hast thou spoken according to right. But come, tell me this, and declare it truly, whether thou art bearing forth these many treasures and goodly unto some foreign folk, where they may abide for thee in safety, or whether by now ye are all forsaking holy Ilios in fear; so great a warrior, the noblest of all, hath perished, even thy son; for never held he back from warring with the Achaeans. And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him: Who art thou, noble youth, and from what parents art thou sprung, seeing thou speakest thus fitly of the fate of my hapless son? Then again the messenger, Argeiphontes, spake to him: Thou wouldest make trial of me, old sire, in asking me of goodly Hector. Him have mine eyes full often seen in battle, where men win glory, and when after driving the Argives to the ships he would slay them in havoc with the sharp bronze; and we stood there and marvelled, for Achilles would not suffer us to fight, being filled with wrath against the son of Atreus. His squire am I, and the selfsame well-wrought ship brought us hither. Of the Myrmidons am I one, and my father is Polyctor.

398ἀφνειὸς μὲν ὅ γʼ ἐστί, γέρων δὲ δὴ ὡς σύ περ ὧδε, ἓξ δέ οἱ υἷες ἔασιν, ἐγὼ δέ οἱ ἕβδομός εἰμι· 400τῶν μέτα παλλόμενος κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδʼ ἕπεσθαι. νῦν δʼ ἦλθον πεδίον δʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν· ἠῶθεν γὰρ θήσονται περὶ ἄστυ μάχην ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοί. ἀσχαλόωσι γὰρ οἵδε καθήμενοι, οὐδὲ δύνανται ἴσχειν ἐσσυμένους πολέμου βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν. 405τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής· εἰ μὲν δὴ θεράπων Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος εἴς, ἄγε δή μοι πᾶσαν ἀληθείην κατάλεξον, ἢ ἔτι πὰρ νήεσσιν ἐμὸς πάϊς, ἦέ μιν ἤδη ᾗσι κυσὶν μελεϊστὶ ταμὼν προύθηκεν Ἀχιλλεύς. 410τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης· ὦ γέρον οὔ πω τόν γε κύνες φάγον οὐδʼ οἰωνοί, ἀλλʼ ἔτι κεῖνος κεῖται Ἀχιλλῆος παρὰ νηῒ αὔτως ἐν κλισίῃσι· δυωδεκάτη δέ οἱ ἠὼς κειμένῳ, οὐδέ τί οἱ χρὼς σήπεται, οὐδέ μιν εὐλαὶ 415ἔσθουσʼ, αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσιν.

Rich in substance is he, and an old man even as thou, and six sons hath he, and myself the seventh. From these by the casting of lots was I chosen to fare hitherward. And now am I come to the plain from the ships; for at dawn the bright-eyed Achaeans will set the battle in array about the city. For it irketh them that they sit idle here, nor can the kings of the Achaeans avail to hold them back in their eagerness for war. And the old man, godlike Priam, answered him: If thou art indeed a squire of Peleus' son Achilles, come now, tell me all the truth, whether my son is even yet by the ships or whether by now Achilles hath hewn him limb from limb and cast him before his dogs. Then again the messenger Argeiphontes spake to him: Old sire, not yet have dogs and birds devoured him, but still he lieth there beside the ship of Achilles amid the huts as he was at the first; and this is now the twelfth day that he lieth there, yet his flesh decayeth not at all, neither do worms consume it, such as devour men that be slain in fight.

416ἦ μέν μιν περὶ σῆμα ἑοῦ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο ἕλκει ἀκηδέστως ἠὼς ὅτε δῖα φανήῃ, οὐδέ μιν αἰσχύνει· θηοῖό κεν αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν οἷον ἐερσήεις κεῖται, περὶ δʼ αἷμα νένιπται, 420οὐδέ ποθι μιαρός· σὺν δʼ ἕλκεα πάντα μέμυκεν ὅσσʼ ἐτύπη· πολέες γὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ χαλκὸν ἔλασσαν. ὥς τοι κήδονται μάκαρες θεοὶ υἷος ἑῆος καὶ νέκυός περ ἐόντος, ἐπεί σφι φίλος περὶ κῆρι. ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ· 425ὦ τέκος, ἦ ῥʼ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἐναίσιμα δῶρα διδοῦναι ἀθανάτοις, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποτʼ ἐμὸς πάϊς, εἴ ποτʼ ἔην γε, λήθετʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι· τώ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο καὶ ἐν θανάτοιό περ αἴσῃ. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ τόδε δέξαι ἐμεῦ πάρα καλὸν ἄλεισον, 430αὐτόν τε ῥῦσαι, πέμψον δέ με σύν γε θεοῖσιν, ὄφρά κεν ἐς κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω ἀφίκωμαι. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης· πειρᾷ ἐμεῖο γεραιὲ νεωτέρου, οὐδέ με πείσεις, ὅς με κέλῃ σέο δῶρα παρὲξ Ἀχιλῆα δέχεσθαι.

Truly Achilles draggeth him ruthlessly about the barrow of his dear comrade, so oft as sacred Dawn appeareth, howbeit he marreth him not; thou wouldst thyself marvel, wert thou to come and see how dewy-fresh he lieth, and is washen clean of blood, neither hath anywhere pollution; and all the wounds are closed wherewith he was stricken, for many there were that drave the bronze into his flesh. In such wise do the blessed gods care for thy son, a corpse though he be, seeing he was dear unto their hearts. So spake he, and the old man waxed glad, and answered, saying: My child, a good thing is it in sooth e'en to give to the immortals such gifts as be due; for never did my son—as sure as ever such a one there was—forget in our halls the gods that hold Olympus; wherefore they have remembered this for him, even though he be in the doom of death. But come, take thou from me this fair goblet, and guard me myself, and guide me with the speeding of the gods, until I be come unto the hut of the son of Peleus. And again the messenger, Argeiphontes, spake to him: Thou dost make trial of me, old sire, that am younger than thou; but thou shalt not prevail upon me, seeing thou biddest me take gifts from thee while Achilles knoweth naught thereof.

435τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ δείδοικα καὶ αἰδέομαι περὶ κῆρι συλεύειν, μή μοί τι κακὸν μετόπισθε γένηται. σοὶ δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ πομπὸς καί κε κλυτὸν Ἄργος ἱκοίμην, ἐνδυκέως ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἢ πεζὸς ὁμαρτέων· οὐκ ἄν τίς τοι πομπὸν ὀνοσσάμενος μαχέσαιτο. 440ἦ καὶ ἀναΐξας ἐριούνιος ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους καρπαλίμως μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσίν, ἐν δʼ ἔπνευσʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἡμιόνοις μένος ἠΰ. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύργους τε νεῶν καὶ τάφρον ἵκοντο, οἳ δὲ νέον περὶ δόρπα φυλακτῆρες πονέοντο, 445τοῖσι δʼ ἐφʼ ὕπνον ἔχευε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης πᾶσιν, ἄφαρ δʼ ὤϊξε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσεν ὀχῆας, ἐς δʼ ἄγαγε Πρίαμόν τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ δῶρʼ ἐπʼ ἀπήνης. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω ἀφίκοντο ὑψηλήν, τὴν Μυρμιδόνες ποίησαν ἄνακτι 450δοῦρʼ ἐλάτης κέρσαντες· ἀτὰρ καθύπερθεν ἔρεψαν λαχνήεντʼ ὄροφον λειμωνόθεν ἀμήσαντες· ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ μεγάλην αὐλὴν ποίησαν ἄνακτι σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι· θύρην δʼ ἔχε μοῦνος ἐπιβλὴς εἰλάτινος, τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον Ἀχαιοί, 455τρεῖς δʼ ἀναοίγεσκον μεγάλην κληῗδα θυράων τῶν ἄλλων· Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος· δή ῥα τόθʼ Ἑρμείας ἐριούνιος ᾦξε γέροντι, ἐς δʼ ἄγαγε κλυτὰ δῶρα ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι, ἐξ ἵππων δʼ ἀπέβαινεν ἐπὶ χθόνα φώνησέν τε· 460ὦ γέρον ἤτοι ἐγὼ θεὸς ἄμβροτος εἰλήλουθα Ἑρμείας· σοὶ γάρ με πατὴρ ἅμα πομπὸν ὄπασσεν. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ πάλιν εἴσομαι, οὐδʼ Ἀχιλῆος ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴσειμι· νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη ἀθάνατον θεὸν ὧδε βροτοὺς ἀγαπαζέμεν ἄντην· 465τύνη δʼ εἰσελθὼν λαβὲ γούνατα Πηλεΐωνος, καί μιν ὑπὲρ πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος ἠϋκόμοιο λίσσεο καὶ τέκεος, ἵνα οἱ σὺν θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς.

Of him have I fear and awe at heart, that I should defraud him, lest haply some evil befall me hereafter. Howbeit as thy guide would I go even unto glorious Argos, attending thee with kindly care in a swift ship or on foot; nor would any man make light of thy guide and set upon thee. So spake the Helper, and leaping upon the chariot behind the horses quickly grasped in his hands the lash and reins, and breathed great might into the horses and mules. But when they were come to the walls and the trench that guarded the ships, even as the watchers were but now busying them about their supper, upon all of these the messenger Argeiphontes shed sleep, and forthwith opened the gates, and thrust back the bars, and brought within Priam, and the splendid gifts upon the wain. But when they were come to the hut of Peleus' son, the lofty hut which the Myrmidons had builded for their king, hewing therefor beams of fir —and they had roofed it over with downy thatch, gathered from the meadows; and round it they reared for him, their king, a great court with thick-set pales; and the door thereof was held by one single bar of fir that three Achaeans were wont to drive home, and three to draw back the great bolt of the door (three of the rest, but Achilles would drive it home even of himself)—then verily the helper Hermes opened the door for the old man, and brought in the glorious gifts for the swift-footed son of Peleus; and from the chariot he stepped down to the ground and spake, saying: Old sire, I that am come to thee am immortal god, even Hermes; for the Father sent me to guide thee on thy way. But now verily will I go back, neither come within Achilles' sight; good cause for wrath would it be that an immortal god should thus openly be entertained of mortals. But go thou in, and clasp the knees of the son of Peleus and entreat him by his father and his fair-haired mother and his child, that thou mayest stir his soul.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 24.322–467: Priam's night journey; Hermes appears