Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 23.192–261: The pyre burns; the bones are gathered

The pyre will not burn until Achilles prays to the North and West winds, and Iris carries his prayer to them, and the winds roar in and fan it all night. In the morning Achilles drinks wine, calls on the ghost of his friend, and the flame dies. The Achaeans gather the bones, place them in a golden jar covered with fat and a linen cloth, and heap up a low mound for the time being.

Lines 23.192–261 · 801 words · click a number to copy its link
192οὐδὲ πυρὴ Πατρόκλου ἐκαίετο τεθνηῶτος· ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἀλλʼ ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· στὰς ἀπάνευθε πυρῆς δοιοῖς ἠρᾶτʼ ἀνέμοισι 195Βορέῃ καὶ Ζεφύρῳ, καὶ ὑπίσχετο ἱερὰ καλά· πολλὰ δὲ καὶ σπένδων χρυσέῳ δέπαϊ λιτάνευεν ἐλθέμεν, ὄφρα τάχιστα πυρὶ φλεγεθοίατο νεκροί, ὕλη τε σεύαιτο καήμεναι. ὦκα δὲ Ἶρις ἀράων ἀΐουσα μετάγγελος ἦλθʼ ἀνέμοισιν. 200οἳ μὲν ἄρα Ζεφύροιο δυσαέος ἀθρόοι ἔνδον εἰλαπίνην δαίνυντο· θέουσα δὲ Ἶρις ἐπέστη βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ· τοὶ δʼ ὡς ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι πάντες ἀνήϊξαν, κάλεόν τέ μιν εἰς ἓ ἕκαστος· ἣ δʼ αὖθʼ ἕζεσθαι μὲν ἀνήνατο, εἶπε δὲ μῦθον· 205οὐχ ἕδος· εἶμι γὰρ αὖτις ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥέεθρα Αἰθιόπων ἐς γαῖαν, ὅθι ῥέζουσʼ ἑκατόμβας ἀθανάτοις, ἵνα δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ μεταδαίσομαι ἱρῶν. ἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Βορέην ἠδὲ Ζέφυρον κελαδεινὸν ἐλθεῖν ἀρᾶται, καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἱερὰ καλά, 210ὄφρα πυρὴν ὄρσητε καήμεναι, ᾗ ἔνι κεῖται Πάτροκλος, τὸν πάντες ἀναστενάχουσιν Ἀχαιοί.

Howbeit the pyre of dead Patroclus kindled not. Then again did swift footed goodly Achilles take other counsel; he took his stand apart from the pyre, and made prayer to the two winds, to the North Wind and the West Wind, and promised fair offerings, and full earnestly, as he poured libations from a cup of gold, he besought them to come, to the end that the corpses might speedily blaze with fire, and the wood make haste to be kindled. Then forthwith Iris heard his prayer, and hied her with the message to the winds. They in the house of the fierce-blowing West Wind were feasting all together at the banquet and Iris halted from her running on the threshold of stone. Soon as their eyes beheld her, they all sprang up and called her each one to himself. But she refused to sit, and spake saying: I may not sit, for I must go back unto the streams of Oceanus, unto the land of the Ethiopians, where they are sacrificing hecatombs to the immortals, that I too may share in the sacred feast. But Achilles prayeth the North Wind and the noisy West Wind to come, and promiseth them fair offerings, that so ye may rouse the pyre to burn whereon lieth Patroclus, for whom all the Achaeans groan aloud.

212ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τοὶ δʼ ὀρέοντο ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ νέφεα κλονέοντε πάροιθεν. αἶψα δὲ πόντον ἵκανον ἀήμεναι, ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα 215πνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ· Τροίην δʼ ἐρίβωλον ἱκέσθην, ἐν δὲ πυρῇ πεσέτην, μέγα δʼ ἴαχε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ. παννύχιοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε πυρῆς ἄμυδις φλόγʼ ἔβαλλον φυσῶντες λιγέως· ὃ δὲ πάννυχος ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς χρυσέου ἐκ κρητῆρος ἑλὼν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον 220οἶνον ἀφυσσόμενος χαμάδις χέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν ψυχὴν κικλήσκων Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο. ὡς δὲ πατὴρ οὗ παιδὸς ὀδύρεται ὀστέα καίων νυμφίου, ὅς τε θανὼν δειλοὺς ἀκάχησε τοκῆας, ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάροιο ὀδύρετο ὀστέα καίων, 225ἑρπύζων παρὰ πυρκαϊὴν ἁδινὰ στεναχίζων. ἦμος δʼ ἑωσφόρος εἶσι φόως ἐρέων ἐπὶ γαῖαν, ὅν τε μέτα κροκόπεπλος ὑπεὶρ ἅλα κίδναται ἠώς, τῆμος πυρκαϊὴ ἐμαραίνετο, παύσατο δὲ φλόξ. οἳ δʼ ἄνεμοι πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι 230Θρηΐκιον κατὰ πόντον· ὃ δʼ ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων.

When she had thus departed, and they arose with a wondrous din, driving the clouds tumultuously before them. And swiftly they came to the sea to blow thereon, and the wave swelled beneath the shrill blast; and they came to deep-soiled Troyland, and fell upon the pyre, and mightily roared the wordrous blazing fire. So the whole night long as with one blast they beat upon the flame of the pyre, blowing shrill; and the whole night long swift Achilles, taking a two-handled cup in hand, drew wine from a golden howl and poured it upon the earth, and wetted the ground, calling ever upon the spirit of hapless Patroclus. As a father waileth for his son, as he burneth his bones, a son newly wed whose death has brought woe to his hapless parents, even so wailed Achilles for his comrade as he burned his bones, going heavily about the pyre with ceaseless groaning. But at the hour when the star of morning goeth forth to herald light over the face of the earth—the star after which followeth saffron-robed Dawn and spreadeth over the sea—even then grew the burning faint, and the flame thereof died down. And the winds went back again to return to their home over the Thracian sea, and it roared with surging flood.

231Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς ἑτέρωσε λιασθεὶς κλίνθη κεκμηώς, ἐπὶ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ὄρουσεν· οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο· τῶν μιν ἐπερχομένων ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ἔγειρεν, 235ἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθεὶς καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν, πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσατʼ αἴθοπι οἴνῳ πᾶσαν, ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα ὀστέα Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο λέγωμεν 240εὖ διαγιγνώσκοντες· ἀριφραδέα δὲ τέτυκται· ἐν μέσσῃ γὰρ ἔκειτο πυρῇ, τοὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἄνευθεν ἐσχατιῇ καίοντʼ ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ ἄνδρες. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν χρυσέῃ φιάλῃ καὶ δίπλακι δημῷ θείομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι. 245τύμβον δʼ οὐ μάλα πολλὸν ἐγὼ πονέεσθαι ἄνωγα, ἀλλʼ ἐπιεικέα τοῖον· ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀχαιοὶ εὐρύν θʼ ὑψηλόν τε τιθήμεναι, οἵ κεν ἐμεῖο δεύτεροι ἐν νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι λίπησθε. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐπίθοντο ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι. 250πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ ὅσσον ἐπὶ φλὸξ ἦλθε, βαθεῖα δὲ κάππεσε τέφρη· κλαίοντες δʼ ἑτάροιο ἐνηέος ὀστέα λευκὰ ἄλλεγον ἐς χρυσέην φιάλην καὶ δίπλακα δημόν, ἐν κλισίῃσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν· 255τορνώσαντο δὲ σῆμα θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο ἀμφὶ πυρήν· εἶθαρ δὲ χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν, χεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτοῦ λαὸν ἔρυκε καὶ ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀγῶνα, νηῶν δʼ ἔκφερʼ ἄεθλα λέβητάς τε τρίποδάς τε 260ἵππους θʼ ἡμιόνους τε βοῶν τʼ ἴφθιμα κάρηνα, ἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον.

Then the son of Peleus withdrew apart from the burning pyre, and laid him down sore-wearied; and sweet sleep leapt upon him. But they that were with the son of Atreus gathered in a throng, and the noise and din of their oncoming aroused him; and he sat upright and spake to them saying: Son of Atreus, and ye other princes of the hosts of Achaea, first quench ye with flaming wine the burning pyre, even all whereon the might of the fire hath come, and thereafter let us gather the bones of Patroclus, Menoetius' son, singling them out well from the rest; and easy they are to discern, for he lay in the midst of the pyre, while the others burned apart on the edges thereof, horses and men mingled together. Then let us place the bones in a golden urn wrapped in a double layer of fat until such time as I myself be hidden in Hades. Howbeit no huge barrow do I bid you rear with toil for him, but such a one only as beseemeth; but in aftertime do ye Achaeans build it broad and high, ye that shall be left amid the benched ships when I am gone. So spake he, and they hearkened to the swift-footed son of Peleus. First they quenched with flaming wine the pyre, so far as the flame had come upon it, and the ash had settled deep; and with weeping they gathered up the white bones of their gentle comrade into a golden urn, and wrapped them in a double layer of fat, and placing the urn in the hut they covered it with a soft linen cloth. Then they traced the compass of the barrow and set forth the foundations thereof round about the pyre, and forthwith they piled the up-piled earth. And when they had piled the barrow, they set them to go back again. But Achilles stayed the folk even where they were, and made them to sit in a wide gathering; and from his ships brought forth prizes; cauldrons and tripods and horses and mules and strong oxen and fair-girdled women and grey iron.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 23.192–261: The pyre burns; the bones are gathered