Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 19.338–424: Athena feeds Achilles; the horse Xanthus speaks

Zeus tells Athena to put nectar and ambrosia into Achilles' breast so that hunger cannot touch him, and she flies down like a falcon. The Achaeans pour out from the ships and Achilles arms, his shield gleaming like the moon, and takes the heavy ash spear of Peleus. He tells his horse Xanthus not to leave him dead as they left Patroclus, and Xanthus, given a voice by Hera, tells him that his own day is near, though Apollo and not they killed Patroclus.

Lines 19.338–424 · 991 words · click a number to copy its link
338ὣς ἔφατο κλαίων, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γέροντες, μνησάμενοι τὰ ἕκαστος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔλειπον· 340μυρομένους δʼ ἄρα τούς γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων, αἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· τέκνον ἐμόν, δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος. ἦ νύ τοι οὐκέτι πάγχυ μετὰ φρεσὶ μέμβλετʼ Ἀχιλλεύς; κεῖνος ὅ γε προπάροιθε νεῶν ὀρθοκραιράων 345ἧσται ὀδυρόμενος ἕταρον φίλον· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι οἴχονται μετὰ δεῖπνον, ὃ δʼ ἄκμηνος καὶ ἄπαστος. ἀλλʼ ἴθι οἱ νέκτάρ τε καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν στάξον ἐνὶ στήθεσσʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἵκηται. ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε πάρος μεμαυῖαν Ἀθήνην· 350ἣ δʼ ἅρπῃ ἐϊκυῖα τανυπτέρυγι λιγυφώνῳ οὐρανοῦ ἐκκατεπᾶλτο διʼ αἰθέρος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ αὐτίκα θωρήσσοντο κατὰ στρατόν· ἣ δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ νέκταρ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν στάξʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἀτερπὴς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο· 355αὐτὴ δὲ πρὸς πατρὸς ἐρισθενέος πυκινὸν δῶ ᾤχετο, τοὶ δʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἐχέοντο θοάων.

So spake he weeping, and thereto the elders added their laments, bethinking them each one of what he had left at home. And as they mourned the son of Cronos had sight of them, and was touched with pity; and forthwith he spake winged words unto Athene: My child, lo thou forsakest utterly thine own warrior. Is there then no place in thy thought any more for Achilles? Yonder he sitteth in front of his ships with upright horns, mourning for his dear comrade; the others verily are gone to their meal but he fasteth and will have naught of food. Nay go, shed thou into his breast nectar and pleasant ambrosia, that hunger-pangs come not upon him. So saying he urged on Athene, that was already eager: and she like a falcon, wide of wing and shrill of voice, leapt down upon him from out of heaven through the air. Then while the Achaeans were arraying them speedily for battle throughout the camp, into the breast of Achilles she shed nectar and pleasant ambrosia that grievous hunger-pangs should not come upon his limbs; and then herself was gone to the stout-builded house of her mighty sire, and the Achaeans poured forth from the swift ships.

357ὡς δʼ ὅτε ταρφειαὶ νιφάδες Διὸς ἐκποτέονται ψυχραὶ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο, ὣς τότε ταρφειαὶ κόρυθες λαμπρὸν γανόωσαι 360νηῶν ἐκφορέοντο καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι θώρηκές τε κραταιγύαλοι καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα. αἴγλη δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκε, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα περὶ χθὼν χαλκοῦ ὑπὸ στεροπῆς· ὑπὸ δὲ κτύπος ὄρνυτο ποσσὶν ἀνδρῶν· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι κορύσσετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. 365τοῦ καὶ ὀδόντων μὲν καναχὴ πέλε, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε λαμπέσθην ὡς εἴ τε πυρὸς σέλας, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ δῦνʼ ἄχος ἄτλητον· ὃ δʼ ἄρα Τρωσὶν μενεαίνων δύσετο δῶρα θεοῦ, τά οἱ Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων. κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε 370καλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας· δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνεν. ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον χάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε εἵλετο, τοῦ δʼ ἀπάνευθε σέλας γένετʼ ἠΰτε μήνης.

As when thick and fast the snowflakes flutter down from Zeus chill beneath the blast of the North Wind, born in the bright heaven; even so then thick and fast from the ships were borne the helms, bright-gleaming, and the bossed shields, the corselets with massive plates, and the ashen spears. And the gleam thereof went up to heaven, and all the earth round about laughed by reason of the flashing of bronze; and there went up a din from beneath the feet of men; and in their midst goodly Achilles arrayed him for battle. There was a gnashing of his teeth, and his two eyes blazed as it had been a flame of fire, and into his heart there entered grief that might not be borne. Thus in fierce wrath against the Trojans he clad him in the gifts of the god, that Hephaestus had wrought for him with toil. The greaves first he set about his legs: beautiful they were, and fitted with silver ankle-pieces, and next he did on the corselet about his chest. And about his shoulders he cast the silver-studded sword of bronze, and thereafter grasped the shield great and sturdy, wherefrom went forth afar a gleam as of the moon.

375ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἐκ πόντοιο σέλας ναύτῃσι φανήῃ καιομένοιο πυρός, τό τε καίεται ὑψόθʼ ὄρεσφι σταθμῷ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ· τοὺς δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλοντας ἄελλαι πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φίλων ἀπάνευθε φέρουσιν· ὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος σάκεος σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε 380καλοῦ δαιδαλέου· περὶ δὲ τρυφάλειαν ἀείρας κρατὶ θέτο βριαρήν· ἣ δʼ ἀστὴρ ὣς ἀπέλαμπεν ἵππουρις τρυφάλεια, περισσείοντο δʼ ἔθειραι χρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς. πειρήθη δʼ ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, 385εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε καὶ ἐντρέχοι ἀγλαὰ γυῖα· τῷ δʼ εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετʼ, ἄειρε δὲ ποιμένα λαῶν.

And as when forth ower the sea there appeareth to seamen the gleam of blazing fire, and it burneth high up in the mountains in a lonely steading—but sore against their will the storm-winds bear them over the teeming deep afar from their friends; even so from the shield of Achilles went up a gleam to heaven, from that shield fair and richly-dight. And he lifted the mighty helm and set it upon his head; and it shone as it were a star—the helm with crest of horse-hair, and around it waved the plumes of gold, that Hephaestus had set thick about the crest. And goodly Achilles made proof of himself in his armour, whether it fitted him, and his glorious limbs moved free; and it became as it were wings to him, and lifted up the shepherd of the people.

387ἐκ δʼ ἄρα σύριγγος πατρώϊον ἐσπάσατʼ ἔγχος βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν πάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεύς, 390Πηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων Πηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν· ἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιμος ἀμφιέποντες ζεύγνυον· ἀμφὶ δὲ καλὰ λέπαδνʼ ἕσαν, ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς γαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖναν ὀπίσσω 395κολλητὸν ποτὶ δίφρον. ὃ δὲ μάστιγα φαεινὴν χειρὶ λαβὼν ἀραρυῖαν ἐφʼ ἵπποιιν ἀνόρουσεν Αὐτομέδων· ὄπιθεν δὲ κορυσσάμενος βῆ Ἀχιλλεὺς τεύχεσι παμφαίνων ὥς τʼ ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων, σμερδαλέον δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο πατρὸς ἑοῖο· 400Ξάνθέ τε καὶ Βαλίε τηλεκλυτὰ τέκνα Ποδάργης ἄλλως δὴ φράζεσθε σαωσέμεν ἡνιοχῆα ἂψ Δαναῶν ἐς ὅμιλον ἐπεί χʼ ἕωμεν πολέμοιο, μηδʼ ὡς Πάτροκλον λίπετʼ αὐτόθι τεθνηῶτα.

And forth from its stand he drew his father's spear, heavy and huge and strong, that none other of the Achaeans could wield, but Achilles alone was skilled to wield it, even the Pelian spear of ash that Cheiron had given to his dear father from the peak of Pelion, to be for the slaying of warriors. And Automedon and Alcinous set them busily to yoke the horses, and about them they set the fair breast-straps, and cast bits within their jaws, and drew the reins behind to the jointed car. And Automedon grasped in his hand the bright lash, that fitted it well, and leapt upon the car; and behind him stepped Achilles harnessed for fight, gleaming in his armour like the bright Hyperion. Then terribly he called aloud to the horses of his father: Xanthus and Balius, ye far-famed children of Podarge, in some other wise bethink you to bring your charioteer back safe to the host of the Danaans, when we have had our fill of war, and leave ye not him there dead, as ye did Patroclus.

404τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφι προσέφη πόδας αἰόλος ἵππος 405Ξάνθος, ἄφαρ δʼ ἤμυσε καρήατι· πᾶσα δὲ χαίτη ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν οὖδας ἵκανεν· αὐδήεντα δʼ ἔθηκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· καὶ λίην σʼ ἔτι νῦν γε σαώσομεν ὄβριμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ· ἀλλά τοι ἐγγύθεν ἦμαρ ὀλέθριον· οὐδέ τοι ἡμεῖς 410αἴτιοι, ἀλλὰ θεός τε μέγας καὶ Μοῖρα κραταιή. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡμετέρῃ βραδυτῆτί τε νωχελίῃ τε Τρῶες ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Πατρόκλου τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο· ἀλλὰ θεῶν ὤριστος, ὃν ἠΰκομος τέκε Λητώ, ἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε. 415νῶϊ δὲ καί κεν ἅμα πνοιῇ Ζεφύροιο θέοιμεν, ἥν περ ἐλαφροτάτην φάσʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ μόρσιμόν ἐστι θεῷ τε καὶ ἀνέρι ἶφι δαμῆναι. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντος Ἐρινύες ἔσχεθον αὐδήν. τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· 420Ξάνθε τί μοι θάνατον μαντεύεαι; οὐδέ τί σε χρή. εὖ νυ τὸ οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ μοι μόρος ἐνθάδʼ ὀλέσθαι νόσφι φίλου πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης οὐ λήξω πρὶν Τρῶας ἅδην ἐλάσαι πολέμοιο. ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἰάχων ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.

Then from beneath the yoke spake to him the horse Xanthus, of the swift-glancing feet; on a sudden he bowed his head, and all his mane streamed from beneath the yoke-pad beside the yoke, and touched the ground; and the goddess, white-armed Hera, gave him speech: Aye verily, yet for this time will we save thee, mighty Achilles, albeit the day of doom is nigh thee, nor shall we be the cause thereof, but a mighty god and overpowering Fate. For it was not through sloth or slackness of ours that the Trojans availed to strip the harness from the shoulders of Patroclus, but one, far the best of gods, even he that fair-haired Leto bare, slew him amid the foremost fighters and gave glory to Hector. But for us twain, we could run swift as the blast of the West Wind, which, men say, is of all winds the fleetest; nay, it is thine own self that art fated to be slain in fight by a god and a mortal. When he had thus spoken, the Erinyes checked his voice. Then, his heart mightily stirred, spake to him swift-footed Achilles: Xanthus, why dost thou prophesy my death? Thou needest not at all. Well know I even of myself that it is my fate to perish here, far from my father dear, and my mother; howbeit even so will I not cease, until I have driven the Trojans to surfeit of war. He spake, and with a cry drave amid the foremost his single-hooved horses.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 19, lines 338–424: Athena feeds Achilles