Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 17.459–542: Automedon and the horses of Achilles

Automedon drives among the Trojans and the Achaeans but cannot drive and fight at once, until Alcimedon takes the reins while he fights from the ground. Hector and Aeneas come to seize the horses, but Automedon calls to the two Ajaxes and Menelaus, and the two Trojans fall back. Automedon kills Aretus and strips him.

Lines 17.459–542 · 912 words · click a number to copy its link
459τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αὐτομέδων μάχετʼ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου 460ἵπποις ἀΐσσων ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιὸς μετὰ χῆνας· ῥέα μὲν γὰρ φεύγεσκεν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ, ῥεῖα δʼ ἐπαΐξασκε πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀπάζων. ἀλλʼ οὐχ ᾕρει φῶτας ὅτε σεύαιτο διώκειν· οὐ γάρ πως ἦν οἶον ἐόνθʼ ἱερῷ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ 465ἔγχει ἐφορμᾶσθαι καὶ ἐπίσχειν ὠκέας ἵππους. ὀψὲ δὲ δή μιν ἑταῖρος ἀνὴρ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν Ἀλκιμέδων υἱὸς Λαέρκεος Αἱμονίδαο· στῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν δίφροιο καὶ Αὐτομέδοντα προσηύδα· Αὐτόμεδον, τίς τοί νυ θεῶν νηκερδέα βουλὴν 470ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθηκε, καὶ ἐξέλετο φρένας ἐσθλάς; οἷον πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεαι πρώτῳ ἐν ὁμίλῳ μοῦνος· ἀτάρ τοι ἑταῖρος ἀπέκτατο, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ αὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται Αἰακίδαο. τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αὐτομέδων προσέφη Διώρεος υἱός· 475Ἀλκίμεδον τίς γάρ τοι Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ὁμοῖος ἵππων ἀθανάτων ἐχέμεν δμῆσίν τε μένος τε, εἰ μὴ Πάτροκλος θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος ζωὸς ἐών; νῦν αὖ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κιχάνει.

And behind them fought Automedon, albeit he sorrowed for his comrade, swooping with his car as a vulture on a flock of geese, for lightly would he flee from out the battle-din of the Trojans, and lightly charge, setting upon them through the great throng. Howbeit no man might he slay as he hasted to pursue them, for in no wise was it possible for him being alone in the sacred car, to assail them with the spear, and withal to hold the swift horses. But at last a comrade espied him with his eyes, even Alcimedon, son of Laerces, son of Haemon, and he halted behind the chariot and spake unto Automedon: Automedon, what god hath put in thy breast unprofitable counsel and taken from thee thy heart of understanding, that thus in the foremost throng thou fightest with the Trojans, alone as thou art? For thy comrade hath been slain, and his armour Hector weareth on his own shoulders, even the armour of the son of Aeacus, and glorieth therein. To him then made answer Automedon, son of Diores: Alcimedon, what man beside of the Achaeans is of like worth to curb and guide the spirit of immortal steeds, save only Patroclus, the peer of the gods in counsel, while yet he lived?

479ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα 480δέξαι, ἐγὼ δʼ ἵππων ἀποβήσομαι, ὄφρα μάχωμαι. ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀλκιμέδων δὲ βοηθόον ἅρμʼ ἐπορούσας καρπαλίμως μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσίν, Αὐτομέδων δʼ ἀπόρουσε· νόησε δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ, αὐτίκα δʼ Αἰνείαν προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα· 485Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων ἵππω τώδʼ ἐνόησα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο ἐς πόλεμον προφανέντε σὺν ἡνιόχοισι κακοῖσι· τώ κεν ἐελποίμην αἱρησέμεν, εἰ σύ γε θυμῷ σῷ ἐθέλεις, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐφορμηθέντε γε νῶϊ 490τλαῖεν ἐναντίβιον στάντες μαχέσασθαι Ἄρηϊ. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο. τὼ δʼ ἰθὺς βήτην βοέῃς εἰλυμένω ὤμους αὔῃσι στερεῇσι· πολὺς δʼ ἐπελήλατο χαλκός.

But now death and fate have come upon him. Howbeit take thou the lash and the shining reins, and I will dismount to fight. So spake he, and Alcimedon leapt upon the car that was swift in battle, and quickly grasped in his hands the lash and reins; and Automedon leapt down. And glorious Hector espied them, and forthwith spake to Aeneas, that was near: Aeneas, counsellor of the brazen-coated Trojans, yonder I espy the two horses of the swift-footed son of Aeacus coming forth to view into the battle with weakling charioteers. These twain might I hope to take, if thou in thy heart art willing, seeing the men would not abide the oncoming of us two, and stand to contend with us in battle. So spake he, and the valiant son of Anchises failed not to hearken. And the twain went straight forward, their shoulders clad with shields of bull's-hide, dry and tough, and abundant bronze had been welded thereupon.

494τοῖσι δʼ ἅμα Χρομίος τε καὶ Ἄρητος θεοειδὴς 495ἤϊσαν ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς αὐτώ τε κτενέειν ἐλάαν τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους νήπιοι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἀναιμωτί γε νέεσθαι αὖτις ἀπʼ Αὐτομέδοντος. ὃ δʼ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος πλῆτο φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας· 500αὐτίκα δʼ Ἀλκιμέδοντα προσηύδα πιστὸν ἑταῖρον· Ἀλκίμεδον μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐμπνείοντε μεταφρένῳ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μένεος σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, πρίν γʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος καλλίτριχε βήμεναι ἵππω 505νῶϊ κατακτείναντα, φοβῆσαί τε στίχας ἀνδρῶν Ἀργείων, ἤ κʼ αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ἁλοίη. ὣς εἰπὼν Αἴαντε καλέσσατο καὶ Μενέλαον· Αἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε καὶ Μενέλαε ἤτοι μὲν τὸν νεκρὸν ἐπιτράπεθʼ οἵ περ ἄριστοι 510ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ βεβάμεν καὶ ἀμύνεσθαι στίχας ἀνδρῶν, νῶϊν δὲ ζωοῖσιν ἀμύνετε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ· τῇδε γὰρ ἔβρισαν πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα Ἕκτωρ Αἰνείας θʼ, οἳ Τρώων εἰσὶν ἄριστοι.

And with them went Chromius, and godlike Aretus both, and their hearts within them were full of hope to slay the men and drive off the horses with high-arched necks—fools that they were! for not without shedding of blood were they to get them back from Automedon. He made prayer to father Zeus, and his dark heart within him was filled with valour and strength; and forthwith he spake to Alcimedon, his trusty comrade: Alcimedon, not afar from me do thou hold the horses, but let their breath smite upon my very back; for I verily deem not that Hector, son of Priam, will be stayed from his fury until he mount behind the fair-maned horses of Achilles, and have slain the two of us, and driven in rout the ranks of the Argive warriors, or haply himself be slain amid the foremost. So spake he, and called to the two Aiantes and to Menelaus: Ye Aiantes twain, leaders of the Argives, and thou Menelaus, lo now, leave ye the corpse in charge of them that are bravest to stand firm about it and to ward off the ranks of men; but from us twain that yet live ward ye off the pitiless day of doom, for here are pressing hard in tearful war Hector and Aeneas, the best men of the Trojans.

514ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται· 515ἥσω γὰρ καὶ ἐγώ, τὰ δέ κεν Διὶ πάντα μελήσει. ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, καὶ βάλεν Ἀρήτοιο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην· ἣ δʼ οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο, διὰ πρὸ δὲ εἴσατο χαλκός, νειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ διὰ ζωστῆρος ἔλασσεν. 520ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ὀξὺν ἔχων πέλεκυν αἰζήϊος ἀνὴρ κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο ἶνα τάμῃ διὰ πᾶσαν, ὃ δὲ προθορὼν ἐρίπῃσιν, ὣς ἄρʼ ὅ γε προθορὼν πέσεν ὕπτιος· ἐν δέ οἱ ἔγχος νηδυίοισι μάλʼ ὀξὺ κραδαινόμενον λύε γυῖα. 525Ἕκτωρ δʼ Αὐτομέδοντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ· ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος· πρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν οὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης. 530καί νύ κε δὴ ξιφέεσσʼ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμηθήτην εἰ μή σφωʼ Αἴαντε διέκριναν μεμαῶτε, οἵ ῥʼ ἦλθον καθʼ ὅμιλον ἑταίρου κικλήσκοντος· τοὺς ὑποταρβήσαντες ἐχώρησαν πάλιν αὖτις Ἕκτωρ Αἰνείας τʼ ἠδὲ Χρομίος θεοειδής, 535Ἄρητον δὲ κατʼ αὖθι λίπον δεδαϊγμένον ἦτορ κείμενον· Αὐτομέδων δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ τεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα· ἦ δὴ μὰν ὀλίγον γε Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος κῆρ ἄχεος μεθέηκα χερείονά περ καταπέφνων. 540ὣς εἰπὼν ἐς δίφρον ἑλὼν ἔναρα βροτόεντα θῆκʼ, ἂν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔβαινε πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν αἱματόεις ὥς τίς τε λέων κατὰ ταῦρον ἐδηδώς.

Yet these things verily lie on the knees of the gods: I too will cast, and the issue shall rest with Zeus. He spake, and poised his far-shadowing spear and hurled it, and smote upon the shield of Aretus, that was well-balanced upon every side, and this stayed not the spear, but the bronze passed clean through, and into the lower belly he drave it through the belt. And as when a strong man with sharp axe in hand smiteth behind the horns of an ox of the steading and cutteth clean through the sinew, and the ox leapeth forward and falleth; even so Aretus leapt forward and fell upon his back, and the spear, exceeding sharp, fixed quivering in his entrails loosed his limbs. But Hector cast at Automedon with his bright spear, howbeit he, looking steadily at him, avoided the spear of bronze, for he stooped forward, and the long spear fixed itself in the ground behind him, and the butt of the spear quivered; howbeit there at length did mighty Ares stay its fury. And now had they clashed with their swords in close fight but that the twain Aiantes parted them in their fury, for they came through the throng at the call of their comrade, and seized with fear of them Hector and Aeneas and godlike Chromius gave ground again and left Aretus lying there stricken to the death. And Automedon, the peer of swift Ares, despoiled him of his armour, and exulted, saying: Verily a little have I eased mine heart of grief for the death of Menoetius' son, though it be but a worse man that I have slain. So saying, he took up the bloody spoils, and set them in the car, and himself mounted thereon, his feet and his hands above all bloody, even as a lion that hath devoured a bull.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 17.459–542: Automedon and the horses of Achilles