Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 16.101–197: Ajax hard pressed; Patroclus arms

Ajax is struggling against volleys of Trojan missiles, and Hector hacks the head off his spear. The Trojans hurl fire on a ship, and Achilles, seeing the flames, tells Patroclus to arm quickly while he marshals the Myrmidons. Patroclus puts on Achilles' armour but leaves the great spear of Peleus, which only Achilles can wield, and Automedon yokes the horses Xanthus and Balius.

Lines 16.101–197 · 1057 words · click a number to copy its link
101ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, Αἴας δʼ οὐκ ἔτʼ ἔμιμνε· βιάζετο γὰρ βελέεσσι· δάμνα μιν Ζηνός τε νόος καὶ Τρῶες ἀγαυοὶ βάλλοντες· δεινὴν δὲ περὶ κροτάφοισι φαεινὴ 105πήληξ βαλλομένη καναχὴν ἔχε, βάλλετο δʼ αἰεὶ κὰπ φάλαρʼ εὐποίηθʼ· ὃ δʼ ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν ἔμπεδον αἰὲν ἔχων σάκος αἰόλον· οὐδὲ δύναντο ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ πελεμίξαι ἐρείδοντες βελέεσσιν. αἰεὶ δʼ ἀργαλέῳ ἔχετʼ ἄσθματι, κὰδ δέ οἱ ἱδρὼς 110πάντοθεν ἐκ μελέων πολὺς ἔρρεεν, οὐδέ πῃ εἶχεν ἀμπνεῦσαι· πάντῃ δὲ κακὸν κακῷ ἐστήρικτο. ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι, ὅππως δὴ πρῶτον πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. Ἕκτωρ Αἴαντος δόρυ μείλινον ἄγχι παραστὰς 115πλῆξʼ ἄορι μεγάλῳ αἰχμῆς παρὰ καυλὸν ὄπισθεν, ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπάραξε· τὸ μὲν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας πῆλʼ αὔτως ἐν χειρὶ κόλον δόρυ, τῆλε δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ αἰχμὴ χαλκείη χαμάδις βόμβησε πεσοῦσα.

On this wise spake they one to the other, but Aias no longer abode, for he was sore beset with darts; the will of Zeus was overmastering him, and the lordly Trojans with their missiles; and terribly did the bright helm about his temples ring continually, as it was smitten, for smitten it ever was upon the well-wrought cheek-pieces, and his left shoulder grew weary as he ever firmly held his flashing shield; nor might they beat it back about him, for all they pressed him hard with darts. And evermore was he distressed by laboured breathing, and down from his limbs on every side abundant sweat kept streaming, nor had he any wise respite to get his breath withal, but every way evil was heaped upon evil. Tell me now, ye Muses, that have dwellings on Olympus, how fire was first flung upon the ships of the Achaeans. It was Hector that drew nigh to Aias and smote his ashen spear with his great sword hard by the socket, at the base ot the point, and shore it clean away, so that Telamonian Aias brandished all vainly a pointless spear, and far from him the head of bronze fell ringing to the ground.

119γνῶ δʼ Αἴας κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονα ῥίγησέν τε 120ἔργα θεῶν, ὅ ῥα πάγχυ μάχης ἐπὶ μήδεα κεῖρε Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, Τρώεσσι δὲ βούλετο νίκην· χάζετο δʼ ἐκ βελέων. τοὶ δʼ ἔμβαλον ἀκάματον πῦρ νηῒ θοῇ· τῆς δʼ αἶψα κατʼ ἀσβέστη κέχυτο φλόξ. ὣς τὴν μὲν πρυμνὴν πῦρ ἄμφεπεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς 125μηρὼ πληξάμενος Πατροκλῆα προσέειπεν· ὄρσεο διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε· λεύσσω δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ πυρὸς δηΐοιο ἰωήν· μὴ δὴ νῆας ἕλωσι καὶ οὐκέτι φυκτὰ πέλωνται· δύσεο τεύχεα θᾶσσον, ἐγὼ δέ κε λαὸν ἀγείρω. 130ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ κορύσσετο νώροπι χαλκῷ. κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε καλάς, ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας· δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνε ποικίλον ἀστερόεντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο. 135ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον χάλκεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε· κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν ἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν.

And Aias knew in his noble heart, and shuddered at the deeds of the gods, how that Zeus, who thundereth on high, brought utterly to naught the counsels of his battle, and would have victory for the Trojans. Then he gave ground from out the darts; and the Trojans cast upon the swift ship unwearied fire, and over her forthwith streamed a flame that might not be quenched. So then was the ship's stern wreathed about with fire, but Achilles smote both his thighs and spake to Patroclus: Up now, Zeus-born Patroclus, master of horsemen. Lo, I see by the ships the rush of consuming fire. Let it not be that they take the ships and there be no more escaping! Do on my armour with all haste, and I will gather the host. So spake he, and Patroclus arrayed him in gleaming bronze. The greaves first he set about his legs; beautiful they were, and fitted with silver ankle-pieces; next he did on about his chest the corselet of the swift-footed son of Aeacus, richly-wrought, and spangled with stars. And about his shoulders he cast the silver-studded sword of bronze, and thereafter the shield, great and sturdy; and upon his mighty head he set the well-wrought helmet with horse-hair crest, and terribly did the plume nod from above; and he took two valorous spears, that fitted his grasp.

139εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε, τά οἱ παλάμηφιν ἀρήρει. 140ἔγχος δʼ οὐχ ἕλετʼ οἶον ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν πάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεὺς Πηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων Πηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς, φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν. 145ἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδοντα θοῶς ζευγνῦμεν ἄνωγε, τὸν μετʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα τῖε μάλιστα, πιστότατος δέ οἱ ἔσκε μάχῃ ἔνι μεῖναι ὁμοκλήν. τῷ δὲ καὶ Αὐτομέδων ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους Ξάνθον καὶ Βαλίον, τὼ ἅμα πνοιῇσι πετέσθην, 150τοὺς ἔτεκε Ζεφύρῳ ἀνέμῳ Ἅρπυια Ποδάργη βοσκομένη λειμῶνι παρὰ ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο. ἐν δὲ παρηορίῃσιν ἀμύμονα Πήδασον ἵει, τόν ῥά ποτʼ Ἠετίωνος ἑλὼν πόλιν ἤγαγʼ Ἀχιλλεύς, ὃς καὶ θνητὸς ἐὼν ἕπεθʼ ἵπποις ἀθανάτοισι.

Only the spear of the peerless son of Aeacus he took not, the spear heavy and huge and strong; this none other of the Achaeans could wield, but Achilles alone was skilled to wield it, even the Pelian spear of ash, that Cheiron had given to his dear father from the peak of Pelion, to be for the slaying of warriors. And the horses he bade Automedon yoke speedily, even him that he honoured most after Achilles, breaker of the ranks of men, and that in his eyes was faithful above all to abide his call in battle. At his bidding then Automedon led beneath the yoke the fleet horses, Xanthus and Balius, that flew swift as the winds, horses that the Harpy Podarge conceived to the West Wind, as she grazed on the meadow beside the stream of Oceanus. And in the side-traces he set the goodly Pedasus that on a time Achilles had brought away, when he took the city of Eetion; and he, being but mortal, kept pace with immortal steeds.

155Μυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρʼ ἐποιχόμενος θώρηξεν Ἀχιλλεὺς πάντας ἀνὰ κλισίας σὺν τεύχεσιν· οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς ὠμοφάγοι, τοῖσίν τε περὶ φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή, οἵ τʼ ἔλαφον κεραὸν μέγαν οὔρεσι δῃώσαντες δάπτουσιν· πᾶσιν δὲ παρήϊον αἵματι φοινόν· 160καί τʼ ἀγεληδὸν ἴασιν ἀπὸ κρήνης μελανύδρου λάψοντες γλώσσῃσιν ἀραιῇσιν μέλαν ὕδωρ ἄκρον ἐρευγόμενοι φόνον αἵματος· ἐν δέ τε θυμὸς στήθεσιν ἄτρομός ἐστι, περιστένεται δέ τε γαστήρ· τοῖοι Μυρμιδόνων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες 165ἀμφʼ ἀγαθὸν θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο ῥώοντʼ· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἀρήϊος ἵστατʼ Ἀχιλλεύς, ὀτρύνων ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας. πεντήκοντʼ ἦσαν νῆες θοαί, ᾗσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐς Τροίην ἡγεῖτο Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ 170πεντήκοντʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες ἐπὶ κληῗσιν ἑταῖροι· πέντε δʼ ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνας ποιήσατο τοῖς ἐπεποίθει σημαίνειν· αὐτὸς δὲ μέγα κρατέων ἤνασσε.

But Achilles went to and fro throughout the huts and let harness in their armour all the Myrmidons, and they rushed forth like ravening wolves in whose hearts is fury unspeakable—wolves that have slain in the hills a great horned stag, and rend him, and the jaws of all are red with gore; and in a pack they go to lap with their slender tongues the surface of the black water from a dusky spring, belching forth the while blood and gore, the heart in their breasts unflinching, and their bellies gorged full; even in such wise the leaders and rulers of the Myrmidons sped forth round about the valiant squire of the swift-footed son of Aeacus. And among them all stood warlike Achilles, urging on both horses and men that bear the shield. Fifty were the swift ships which Achilles, dear to Zeus, led to Troy, and in each ship at the thole-pins were fifty men, his comrades; and five leaders had he appointed in whom he trusted to give command, and himself in his great might was king over all.

173τῆς μὲν ἰῆς στιχὸς ἦρχε Μενέσθιος αἰολοθώρηξ υἱὸς Σπερχειοῖο διιπετέος ποταμοῖο· 175ὃν τέκε Πηλῆος θυγάτηρ καλὴ Πολυδώρη Σπερχειῷ ἀκάμαντι γυνὴ θεῷ εὐνηθεῖσα, αὐτὰρ ἐπίκλησιν Βώρῳ Περιήρεος υἷι, ὅς ῥʼ ἀναφανδὸν ὄπυιε πορὼν ἀπερείσια ἕδνα. τῆς δʼ ἑτέρης Εὔδωρος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε 180παρθένιος, τὸν ἔτικτε χορῷ καλὴ Πολυμήλη Φύλαντος θυγάτηρ· τῆς δὲ κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης ἠράσατʼ, ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδὼν μετὰ μελπομένῃσιν ἐν χορῷ Ἀρτέμιδος χρυσηλακάτου κελαδεινῆς. αὐτίκα δʼ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβὰς παρελέξατο λάθρῃ 185Ἑρμείας ἀκάκητα, πόρεν δέ οἱ ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν Εὔδωρον πέρι μὲν θείειν ταχὺν ἠδὲ μαχητήν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια ἐξάγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠελίου ἴδεν αὐγάς, τὴν μὲν Ἐχεκλῆος κρατερὸν μένος Ἀκτορίδαο 190ἠγάγετο πρὸς δώματʼ, ἐπεὶ πόρε μυρία ἕδνα, τὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων Φύλας εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλεν ἀμφαγαπαζόμενος ὡς εἴ θʼ ἑὸν υἱὸν ἐόντα. τῆς δὲ τρίτης Πείσανδρος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε Μαιμαλίδης, ὃς πᾶσι μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν 195ἔγχεϊ μάρνασθαι μετὰ Πηλεΐωνος ἑταῖρον. τῆς δὲ τετάρτης ἦρχε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Φοῖνιξ, πέμπτης δʼ Ἀλκιμέδων Λαέρκεος υἱὸς ἀμύμων.

The one rank was led by Menesthius of the flashing corselet, son of Spercheius, the heaven-fed river. Him did fair Polydora, daughter of Peleus, bear to tireless Spercheius, a woman couched with a god, but in name she bare him to Borus, son of Perieres, who openly wedded her, when he had given gifts of wooing past counting. And of the next company warlike Eudorus was captain, the son of a girl unwed, and him did Polymele, fair in the dance, daughter of Phylas, bear. Of her the strong Argeiphontes became enamoured, when his eyes had sight of her amid the singing maidens, in the dancing-floor of Artemis, huntress of the golden arrows and the echoing chase. Forthwith then he went up into her upper chamber, and lay with her secretly, even Hermes the helper, and she gave him a goodly son, Eudorus, pre-eminent in speed of foot and as a warrior. But when at length Eileithyia, goddess of child-birth, had brought him to the light, and he saw the rays of the sun, then her did the stalwart and mighty Echecles, son of Actor, lead to his home, when he had given countless gifts of wooing, and Eudorus did old Phylas nurse and cherish tenderly, loving him dearly, as he had been his own son. And of the third company warlike Peisander was captain, son of Maemalus, a man pre-eminent among all the Myrmidons in fighting with the spear, after the comrade of the son of Peleus. And the fourth company did the old knight Phoenix lead, and the fifth Alcimedon, the peerless son of Laerces.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.