Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 8.1–77: Zeus forbids the gods to intervene; the scales of fate

At dawn Zeus calls the gods to an assembly and forbids them to help either side, threatening to hurl any who disobey into Tartarus. He boasts that he could draw up the whole earth and sea on a golden chain and that all the gods together could not pull him down. He then drives to Ida, weighs the fates in his golden scales so that the Achaeans' sink to the earth and the Trojans' rise, and sends a flash of lightning into the Achaean host.

Lines 8.1–77 · 843 words · click a number to copy its link
1Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος ἐκίδνατο πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν, Ζεὺς δὲ θεῶν ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο τερπικέραυνος ἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο· αὐτὸς δέ σφʼ ἀγόρευε, θεοὶ δʼ ὑπὸ πάντες ἄκουον· 5κέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι, ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει. μήτέ τις οὖν θήλεια θεὸς τό γε μήτέ τις ἄρσην πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος, ἀλλʼ ἅμα πάντες αἰνεῖτʼ, ὄφρα τάχιστα τελευτήσω τάδε ἔργα. 10ὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε θεῶν ἐθέλοντα νοήσω ἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηγέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσι πληγεὶς οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἐλεύσεται Οὔλυμπον δέ· ἤ μιν ἑλὼν ῥίψω ἐς Τάρταρον ἠερόεντα τῆλε μάλʼ, ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον, 15ἔνθα σιδήρειαί τε πύλαι καὶ χάλκεος οὐδός, τόσσον ἔνερθʼ Ἀΐδεω ὅσον οὐρανός ἐστʼ ἀπὸ γαίης· γνώσετʼ ἔπειθʼ ὅσον εἰμὶ θεῶν κάρτιστος ἁπάντων. εἰ δʼ ἄγε πειρήσασθε θεοὶ ἵνα εἴδετε πάντες· σειρὴν χρυσείην ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες 20πάντές τʼ ἐξάπτεσθε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι· ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐρύσαιτʼ ἐξ οὐρανόθεν πεδίον δὲ Ζῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα πολλὰ κάμοιτε.

Now Dawn the saffron-robed was spreading over the face of all the earth, and Zeus that hurleth the thunderbolt made a gathering of the gods upon the topmost peak of many-ridged Olympus, and himself addressed their gathering; and all the gods gave ear: Hearken unto me, all ye gods and goddesses, that I may speak what the heart in my breast biddeth me. Let not any goddess nor yet any god essay this thing, to thwart my word, but do ye all alike assent thereto, that with all speed I may bring these deeds to pass. Whomsoever I shall mark minded apart from the gods to go and bear aid either to Trojans or Danaans, smitten in no seemly wise shall he come back to Olympus, or I shall take and hurl him into murky Tartarus, far, far away, where is the deepest gulf beneath the earth, the gates whereof are of iron and the threshold of bronze, as far beneath Hades as heaven is above earth: then shall ye know how far the mightiest am I of all gods. Nay, come, make trial, ye gods, that ye all may know. Make ye fast from heaven a chain of gold, and lay ye hold thereof, all ye gods and all goddesses; yet could ye not drag to earth from out of heaven Zeus the counsellor most high, not though ye laboured sore.

23ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ πρόφρων ἐθέλοιμι ἐρύσσαι, αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαιμʼ αὐτῇ τε θαλάσσῃ· 25σειρὴν μέν κεν ἔπειτα περὶ ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην, τὰ δέ κʼ αὖτε μετήορα πάντα γένοιτο. τόσσον ἐγὼ περί τʼ εἰμὶ θεῶν περί τʼ εἴμʼ ἀνθρώπων. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ μῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι· μάλα γὰρ κρατερῶς ἀγόρευσεν. 30ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη ὕπατε κρειόντων εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν· ἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων, οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται. 35ἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ ὡς σὺ κελεύεις· βουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει, ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο. τὴν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· θάρσει Τριτογένεια φίλον τέκος· οὔ νύ τι θυμῷ 40πρόφρονι μυθέομαι, ἐθέλω δέ τοι ἤπιος εἶναι.

But whenso I were minded to draw of a ready heart, then with earth itself should I draw you and with sea withal; and the rope should I thereafter bind about a peak of Olympus and all those things should hang in space. By so much am I above gods and above men. So spake he, and they all became hushed in silence, marvelling at his words; for full masterfully did he address their gathering. But at length there spake among them the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene: Father of us all, thou son of Cronos, high above all lords, well know we of ourselves that thy might is unyielding, yet even so have we pity for the Danaan spearmen who now shall perish and fulfill an evil fate. Yet verily will we refrain us from battle, even as thou dost bid; howbeit counsel will we offer to the Argives which shall be for their profit, that they perish not all by reason of thy wrath. Then with a smile spake to her Zeus the cloud-gatherer: Be of good cheer, Tritogeneia, dear child. In no wise do I speak with full purpose of heart, but am minded to be kindly to thee.

41ὣς εἰπὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω ὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε, χρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην χρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου, 45μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην μεσσηγὺς γαίης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος. Ἴδην δʼ ἵκανεν πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν Γάργαρον, ἔνθά τέ οἱ τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις. ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε 50λύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ἠέρα πουλὺν ἔχευεν. αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κορυφῇσι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων εἰσορόων Τρώων τε πόλιν καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν. οἳ δʼ ἄρα δεῖπνον ἕλοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ ῥίμφα κατὰ κλισίας, ἀπὸ δʼ αὐτοῦ θωρήσσοντο. 55Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀνὰ πτόλιν ὁπλίζοντο παυρότεροι· μέμασαν δὲ καὶ ὧς ὑσμῖνι μάχεσθαι χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, πρό τε παίδων καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν. πᾶσαι δʼ ὠΐγνυντο πύλαι, ἐκ δʼ ἔσσυτο λαός, πεζοί θʼ ἱππῆές τε· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.

So saying, he let harness beneath his car his bronze-hooved horses, swift of flight, with flowing manes of gold; and with gold he clad himself about his body, and grasped the well-wrought whip of gold, and stepped upon his car and touched the horses with the lash to start them; and nothing loath the pair sped onward midway between earth and starry heaven. To Ida he fared, the many-fountained, mother of wild beasts, even to Gargarus, where is his demesne and his fragrant altar. There did the father of men and gods stay his horses, and loose them from the car, and shed thick mist upon them; and himself sat amid the mountain peaks exulting in his glory, looking upon the city of the Trojans and the ships of the Achaeans. But the long-haired Achaeans took their meal hastily throughout the huts, and as they rose up therefrom arrayed them in armour; and in like manner, the Trojans, on their side, armed themselves throughout the city; fewer they were, but even so were they eager to contend in battle through utter need, for their children's sake and their wives'. And all the gates were opened, and the host hasted forth, footmen alike and charioteers; and a great din arose.

60οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐς χῶρον ἕνα ξυνιόντες ἵκοντο σύν ῥʼ ἔβαλον ῥινούς, σὺν δʼ ἔγχεα καὶ μένεʼ ἀνδρῶν χαλκεοθωρήκων· ἀτὰρ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι ἔπληντʼ ἀλλήλῃσι, πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει. ἔνθα δʼ ἅμʼ οἰμωγή τε καὶ εὐχωλὴ πέλεν ἀνδρῶν 65ὀλλύντων τε καὶ ὀλλυμένων, ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα. ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ, τόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός. ἦμος δʼ Ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει, καὶ τότε δὴ χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα· 70ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει δύο κῆρε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο Τρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων, ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ αἴσιμον ἦμαρ Ἀχαιῶν. αἳ μὲν Ἀχαιῶν κῆρες ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ ἑζέσθην, Τρώων δὲ πρὸς οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἄερθεν· 75αὐτὸς δʼ ἐξ Ἴδης μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε, δαιόμενον δὲ ἧκε σέλας μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες θάμβησαν, καὶ πάντας ὑπὸ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν.

But when they were met together and come into one place, then clashed they their shields and spears, and the fury of bronze-mailed warriors; and the bossed shields closed each with each, and a great din arose. Then were heard alike the sound of groaning and the cry of triumph of the slayers and the slain, and the earth flowed with blood. Now as long as it was morn and the sacred day was waxing, so long the missiles of either side struck home, and the folk kept falling. But when the sun had reached mid heaven, then verily the Father lifted on high his golden scales, and set therein two fates of grievous death, one for the horse-taming Trojans, and one for the brazen-coated Achaeans; then he grasped the balance by the midst and raised it, and down sank the day of doom of the Achaeans. So the Achaeans' fates settled down upon the bounteous earth and those of the Trojans were raised aloft toward wide heaven. Then himself he thundered aloud from Ida, and sent a blazing flash amid the host of the Achaeans; and at sight thereof they were seized with wonder, and pale fear gat hold of all.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 8, lines 1–77: Zeus forbids the gods to intervene