Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 7.1–91: Hector challenges the Achaeans

Hector and Paris return to the battle together, and each kills an Achaean. Apollo and Athena meet beside the oak and agree to end the fighting for the day with a single combat, and Helenus, who understands the gods' plan, tells Hector to challenge the best of the Achaeans. Hector steps between the armies and proposes a duel in which the winner keeps the dead man's armour but returns his body.

Lines 7.1–91 · 1021 words · click a number to copy its link
1ὣς εἰπὼν πυλέων ἐξέσσυτο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ, τῷ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κίʼ ἀδελφεός· ἐν δʼ ἄρα θυμῷ ἀμφότεροι μέμασαν πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι. ὡς δὲ θεὸς ναύτῃσιν ἐελδομένοισιν ἔδωκεν 5οὖρον, ἐπεί κε κάμωσιν ἐϋξέστῃς ἐλάτῃσι πόντον ἐλαύνοντες, καμάτῳ δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα λέλυνται, ὣς ἄρα τὼ Τρώεσσιν ἐελδομένοισι φανήτην. ἔνθʼ ἑλέτην ὃ μὲν υἱὸν Ἀρηϊθόοιο ἄνακτος Ἄρνῃ ναιετάοντα Μενέσθιον, ὃν κορυνήτης 10γείνατʼ Ἀρηΐθοος καὶ Φυλομέδουσα βοῶπις· Ἕκτωρ δʼ Ἠϊονῆα βάλʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι αὐχένʼ ὑπὸ στεφάνης εὐχάλκου, λύντο δὲ γυῖα. Γλαῦκος δʼ Ἱππολόχοιο πάϊς Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀνδρῶν Ἰφίνοον βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην 15Δεξιάδην ἵππων ἐπιάλμενον ὠκειάων ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ἐξ ἵππων χαμάδις πέσε, λύντο δὲ γυῖα. τοὺς δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη Ἀργείους ὀλέκοντας ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ, βῆ ῥα κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα 20Ἴλιον εἰς ἱερήν· τῇ δʼ ἀντίος ὄρνυτʼ Ἀπόλλων Περγάμου ἐκκατιδών, Τρώεσσι δὲ βούλετο νίκην· ἀλλήλοισι δὲ τώ γε συναντέσθην παρὰ φηγῷ.

So saying, glorious Hector hastened forth from the gates, and with him went his brother Alexander; and in their hearts were both eager for war and battle. And as a god giveth to longing seamen a fair wind when they have grown weary of beating the sea with polished oars of fir, and with weariness are their limbs fordone; even so appeared these twain to the longing Trojans. Then the one of them slew the son of king Areithous, Menesthius, that dwelt in Arne, who was born of the mace-man Areithous and ox-eyed Phylomedusa; and Hector with his sharp spear smote Eioneus on the neck beneath the well-wrought helmet of bronze, and loosed his limbs. And Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, leader of the Lycians, made a cast with his spear in the fierce conflict at Iphinous, son of Dexios, as he sprang upon his car behind his swift mares, and smote him upon the shoulder; so he fell from his chariot to the ground and his limbs were loosed. But when the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene, was ware of them as they were slaying the Argives in the fierce conflict, she went darting down from the peaks of Olympus to sacred Ilios. And Apollo sped forth to meet her, for he looked down from out of Pergamus and beheld her, and was fain to have victory for the Trojans. So the twain met one with the other by the oak-tree.

23τὴν πρότερος προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων· τίπτε σὺ δʼ αὖ μεμαυῖα Διὸς θύγατερ μεγάλοιο 25ἦλθες ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο, μέγας δέ σε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν; ἦ ἵνα δὴ Δαναοῖσι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην δῷς; ἐπεὶ οὔ τι Τρῶας ἀπολλυμένους ἐλεαίρεις. ἀλλʼ εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη· νῦν μὲν παύσωμεν πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα 30σήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχήσοντʼ εἰς ὅ κε τέκμωρ Ἰλίου εὕρωσιν, ἐπεὶ ὣς φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ ὑμῖν ἀθανάτῃσι, διαπραθέειν τόδε ἄστυ. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· ὧδʼ ἔστω ἑκάεργε· τὰ γὰρ φρονέουσα καὶ αὐτὴ 35ἦλθον ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλʼ ἄγε πῶς μέμονας πόλεμον καταπαυσέμεν ἀνδρῶν; τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων· Ἕκτορος ὄρσωμεν κρατερὸν μένος ἱπποδάμοιο, ἤν τινά που Δαναῶν προκαλέσσεται οἰόθεν οἶος 40ἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι, οἳ δέ κʼ ἀγασσάμενοι χαλκοκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ οἶον ἐπόρσειαν πολεμίζειν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.

Then to her spake first the king Apollo, son of Zeus: Wherefore art thou again come thus eagerly from Olympus, thou daughter of great Zeus, and why hath thy proud spirit sent thee? Is it that thou mayest give to the Danaans victory to turn the tide of battle, seeing thou hast no pity for the Trojans, that perish? But if thou wouldst in anywise hearken unto me—and so would it be better far—let us now stay the war and fighting for this day. Hereafter shall they fight again until they win the goal of Ilios, since thus it seemeth good to the hearts of you immortal goddesses, to lay waste this city. And in answer to him spake the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene: So be it, thou god that workest afar; with this in mind am I myself come from Olympus to the midst of Trojans and Achaeans. But come, how art thou minded to stay the battle of the warriors? Then in answer to her spake king Apollo, son of Zeus: Let us rouse the valiant spirit of horse-taming Hector, in hope that he may challenge some one of the Danaans in single fight to do battle with him man to man in dread combat. So shall the bronze-greaved Achaeans have indignation and rouse some one to do battle in single combat against goodly Hector.

43ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη. τῶν δʼ Ἕλενος Πριάμοιο φίλος παῖς σύνθετο θυμῷ 45βουλήν, ἥ ῥα θεοῖσιν ἐφήνδανε μητιόωσι· στῆ δὲ παρʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· Ἕκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντε ἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο, κασίγνητος δέ τοί εἰμι· ἄλλους μὲν κάθισον Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιούς, 50αὐτὸς δὲ προκάλεσσαι Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος ἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι· οὐ γάρ πώ τοι μοῖρα θανεῖν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν· ὣς γὰρ ἐγὼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσα θεῶν αἰειγενετάων. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτε χάρη μέγα μῦθον ἀκούσας, 55καί ῥʼ ἐς μέσσον ἰὼν Τρώων ἀνέεργε φάλαγγας, μέσσου δουρὸς ἑλών· οἳ δʼ ἱδρύνθησαν ἅπαντες. κὰδ δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων εἷσεν ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς· κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων ἑζέσθην ὄρνισιν ἐοικότες αἰγυπιοῖσι 60φηγῷ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο ἀνδράσι τερπόμενοι· τῶν δὲ στίχες εἵατο πυκναὶ ἀσπίσι καὶ κορύθεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι.

So he spake, and the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene, failed not to hearken. And Helenus, the dear son of Priam, understood in spirit this plan that had found pleasure with the gods in council; and he came and stood by Hector's side, and spake to him, saying: Hector, son of Priam, peer of Zeus in counsel, wouldst thou now in anywise hearken unto me? for I am thy brother. Make the Trojans to sit down, and all the Achaeans, and do thou challenge whoso is best of the Achaeans to do battle with thee man to man in dread combat. Not yet is it thy fate to die and meet thy doom; for thus have I heard the voice of the gods that are for ever. So spake he and Hector rejoiced greatly when he heard his words; and he went into the midst and kept back the battalions of the Trojans with his spear grasped by the middle; and they all sate them down, and Agamemnon made the well-greaved Achaeans to sit. And Athene and Apollo of the silver bow in the likeness of vultures sate them upon the lofty oak of father Zeus that beareth the aegis, rejoicing in the warriors; and the ranks of these sat close, bristling with shields and helms and spears.

63οἵη δὲ Ζεφύροιο ἐχεύατο πόντον ἔπι φρὶξ ὀρνυμένοιο νέον, μελάνει δέ τε πόντος ὑπʼ αὐτῆς, 65τοῖαι ἄρα στίχες εἵατʼ Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε ἐν πεδίῳ· Ἕκτωρ δὲ μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔειπε· κέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει. ὅρκια μὲν Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐκ ἐτέλεσσεν, 70ἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέων τεκμαίρεται ἀμφοτέροισιν εἰς ὅ κεν ἢ ὑμεῖς Τροίην εὔπυργον ἕλητε ἢ αὐτοὶ παρὰ νηυσὶ δαμείετε ποντοπόροισιν. ὑμῖν δʼ ἐν γὰρ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν· τῶν νῦν ὅν τινα θυμὸς ἐμοὶ μαχέσασθαι ἀνώγει 75δεῦρʼ ἴτω ἐκ πάντων πρόμος ἔμμεναι Ἕκτορι δίῳ. ὧδε δὲ μυθέομαι, Ζεὺς δʼ ἄμμʼ ἐπιμάρτυρος ἔστω· εἰ μέν κεν ἐμὲ κεῖνος ἕλῃ ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ, τεύχεα συλήσας φερέτω κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας, σῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με 80Τρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα. εἰ δέ κʼ ἐγὼ τὸν ἕλω, δώῃ δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀπόλλων, τεύχεα σύλησας οἴσω προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν, καὶ κρεμόω προτὶ νηὸν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκάτοιο, τὸν δὲ νέκυν ἐπὶ νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀποδώσω, 85ὄφρά ἑ ταρχύσωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί, σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύωσιν ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ. καί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἀνθρώπων νηῒ πολυκλήϊδι πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον· ἀνδρὸς μὲν τόδε σῆμα πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος, 90ὅν ποτʼ ἀριστεύοντα κατέκτανε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ. ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.

Even as there is spread over the face of the deep the ripple of the West Wind, that is newly risen, and the deep groweth black beneath it, so sat the ranks of the Achaeans and Trojans in the plain. And Hector spake between the two hosts: Hear me, ye Trojans and well-greaved Achaeans, that I may speak what the heart in my breast biddeth me. Our oaths the son of Cronos, throned on high, brought not to fulfillment, but with ill intent ordaineth a time for both hosts, until either ye take well-walled Troy or yourselves be vanquished beside your sea-faring ships. With you are the chieftains of the whole host of the Achaeans; of these let now that man whose heart soever biddeth him fight with me, come hither from among you all to be your champion against goodly Hector. And thus do I declare my word, and be Zeus our witness thereto: if so be he shall slay me with the long-edged bronze, let him spoil me of my armour and bear it to the hollow ships, but my body let him give back to my home, that the Trojans and the Trojan wives may give me my due meed of fire in my death. But if so be I slay him, and Apollo give me glory, I will spoil him of his armour and bear it to sacred Ilios and hang it upon the temple of Apollo, the god that smiteth afar, but his corpse will I render back to the well-benched ships, that the long-haired Achaeans may give him burial, and heap up for him a barrow by the wide Hellespont. And some one shall some day say even of men that are yet to be, as he saileth in his many-benched ship over the wine-dark sea: ‘This is a barrow of a man that died in olden days, whom on a time in the midst of his prowess glorious Hector slew.’ So shall some man say, and my glory shall never die.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.