Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 8.178–332: Book 8: Hera as Semele's nurse

Hera takes the shape of an old nurse and comes to Semele's chamber. She asks which god has been her lover and says that if it is Zeus she should ask him to come with thunder, as he does to Hera. Semele, stung, prays to Zeus for a bridal of lightning and complains that she has never seen his true form.

Lines 8.178–332 · 1574 words · click a number to copy its link
178Δικταίης δὲ λιποῦσα σακέσπαλον ἄντρον ἐρίπνης καὶ λοχίην σπήλυγγα τελεσσιγόνοιο θεαίνης 180εἰς θάλαμον Σεμέλης ἀπατήλιος ἤλυθεν Ἥρη, ζήλῳ φυσιόωσα· μελιγλώσσῳ δὲ γεραιῇ ἰσοφανὴς φιλόπαιδι δέμας μορφοῦτο τιθήνῃ παιδοκόμῳ, τὴν αὐτὸς ἀνηέξησεν Ἀγήνωρ, καί οἱ κλῆρον ἔδωκε, καὶ ὤπασεν ἀνδρὶ γυναῖκα 185οἷα πατήρ· κομιδῆς δὲ χάριν τίνουσα καὶ αὐτὴ νήπιον εἰσέτι Κάδμον ἑᾷ μαιώσατο μαζῷ καὶ βρέφος Εὐρώπην φιλίῳ πήχυνεν ἀγοστῷ. τῇ δέμας ἶσον ἔχουσα διέστιχεν εἰς δόμον Ἥρη χωομένη Σεμέλῃ καὶ Κύπριδι καὶ Διονύσῳ 190μή πω φέγγος ἰδόντι, καὶ ἀρτιγάμῳ παρὰ παστῷ τοῖχον ἐς ἀντικέλευθον ἑὴν ἔκλινεν ὀπωπὴν ὄμμα παρατρέψασα, Διὸς μὴ λέκτρα νοήσῃ. τὴν μὲν Πεισιάνασσα καθίζανεν ὑψόθι δίφρου ἀμφίπολος Σεμέλης, Τυρίης βλάστημα γενέθλης, 195Θελξινόη δὲ τάπητας ἐνήρμοσεν ἤνοπι δίφρῳ. ἔνθα θεὰ σχεδὸν ἧστο δολοπλόκος· εὗρε δὲ κούρην βριθομένην ὠδῖνι πεπαινομένου τοκετοῖο· καὶ τόκον, οὐ ψαύοντα τελεσσιγόνοιο Σελήνης, γαστρὸς ἀσημάντου χλοερὴ κήρυξε παρειὴ 200καὶ χλόος οἰνώπων μελέων πάρος· ἑζομένης δὲ Ἥρης ψευδομένης δολόεν δέμας ἔτρεμε παλμῷ ἀντιτύπῳ, καὶ νέρθεν ἐπὶ χθόνα κάμπτετο νεύων ὤμοις θλιβομένοισι γέρων κυρτούμενος αὐχήν. καὶ πρόφασιν μόγις εὗρεν· ἐπεστενάχιζε δὲ μύθῳ 205δάκρυον εὐποίητον ἀποψήσασα προσώπου, καὶ δολόεν κατέλεξεν ἔπος φρενοθελγέι φωνῇ· Εἰπέ, πόθεν, βασίλεια, τεαὶ χλοάουσι παρειαί; πῇ σέο κάλλος ἐκεῖνο; τίς εἴδεϊ σεῖο μεγαίρων πορφυρέους σπινθῆρας ἀπημάλδυνε προσώπου; 210καὶ ῥόδα τίς μετάμειψεν ἐς ὠκυμόρους ἀνεμώνας; καὶ σὺ κατηφιόωσα τί τήκεαι; ἦ ῥα καὶ αὐτὴ ἔκλυες αἴσχεα κεῖνα, τά περ βοόωσι πολῖται; ἐρρέτω ἀρχεκάκων ὀλοὸν στόμα θηλυτεράων.

Now Hera left the shield-beswingled cave of the Dictaian rock and the cavern where the goddess of childbirth was born, and came full of guile to Semele’s chamber, puffing with jealousy. She made herself like a honey-voiced old dame, like the loving nurse whom Agenor himself had chosen to care for his children, and made much of her—gave her a holding, found her husband as if she had been his daughter ; and she paid him back for his care, nursed Cadmos at her own breast and dandled baby Europa in her loving arms. This was what Hera looked like when she passed into the house, hating Semele and Cypris, and Dionysos who had not yet seen the light ; and as she came to the chamber of the recent bridal, she turned face and eyes away to the opposite wall, that she might not see the bed of Zeus. She was led and seated on a chair by Semele’s attendant Peisianassa, a maid of Tyrian race, and Thelxinoe spread the rugs over the gleaming seat. There sat the goddess close beside her, weaving her plot. She noticed how the girl carried a burden of ripening fruit; a birth which touched not yet the moon of delivery, but a pale cheek and the pallor of limbs once rosy told of womb no longer sealed. As treacherous Hera sat, a simulated palsy passed over her fake body, and the old neck bowed downwards, nodding over the bent shoulders. Scarce finding an excuse, she […] aloud and the well-feigned tear from face, as she spoke her false words in […] enchanting tone :

214εἰπὲ δέ μοι, μὴ κρύπτε τεῆς συλήτορα μίτρης· 215τίς σε θεῶν ἐμίηνε; τίς ἥρπασε σεῖο κορείην; εἰ μὲν Ἄρης λαθραῖος ἐμὴν νυμφεύσατο κούρην καὶ Σεμέλῃ παρίαυεν ἀφειδήσας Ἀφροδίτης, ἐλθέτω εἰς σέο λέκτρα γαμήλιον ἔγχος ἀφάσσων· γινώσκει μενέχαρμον ἑὸν γενέτην σέο μήτηρ. 220εἰ δέ σοι ὠκυπέδιλος ἐκώμασε νυμφίος Ἑρμῆς καὶ Σεμέλης διὰ κάλλος ἑὴν ἠρνήσατο Πειθώ, ῥάβδον ἑὴν ὀπάσειε τεῆς αὐτάγγελον εὐνῆς, ἠέ σε κοσμήσειεν ἑοῖς χρυσέοισι πεδίλοις δῶρον ἄγων λεχέων σέθεν ἄξιον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὴ 225εἴης χρυσοπέδιλος, ἅ περ Διὸς εὐνέτις Ἥρη. εἰ δέ σοι οὐρανόθεν πόσις ἤλυθε καλὸς Ἀπόλλων καὶ Σεμέλης ὑπʼ ἔρωτι λελασμένος ἔπλετο Δάφνης, νόσφι δόλου κρυφίοιο διʼ ἠέρος εἰς σὲ χορεύσῃ ἁβρὸς ἀσιγήτων ἐποχημένος ἅρματι κύκνων, 230ἕδνα τεῆς φιλότητος ἑὴν φόρμιγγα κομίζων, πιστὸν ἑῶν θαλάμων σημήιον· εἰσορόων γὰρ Κάδμος ἐπουρανίην κιθάρην Φοίβοιο νοήσει, ἣν ἴδεν αἰολόφωνον ἑῆς παρὰ δεῖπνα τραπέζης Ἁρμονίης μέλπουσαν ἐπιχθονίους ὑμεναίους. 235εἰ δὲ γυναιμανέων σε βιήσατο κυανοχαίτης, καί σε σοφῆς προβέβουλεν ἀειδομένης Μελανίππης, ἀμφαδὰ κωμάσσειε, παρὰ προπύλαια δὲ Κάδμου νυμφιδίης πήξειεν ἑῆς γλωχῖνα τριαίνης, ξυνώσας γέρας ἶσον ἐχιδνοκόμῳ παρὰ Δίρκῃ, 240οἷα παρʼ Ἀργείοισι λεοντοβότῳ παρὰ Λέρνῃ, σῆμα γάμων ἔστησεν Ἀμυμώνης, ὅθι νύμφης Λερναίης ἔτι χῶρος ἐπώνυμός ἐστι τριαίνης. ἀλλὰ τί κικλήσκω σε παρευνέτιν ἐννοσιγαίου; ποῖα Ποσειδάωνος ἔχεις σημήια λέκτρων; 245ὑδρηλαῖς παλάμῃσι χυθεὶς ἠγκάσσατο Τυρὼ παφλάζων δολόεντι ῥόῳ μιμηλὸς Ἐνιπεύς.

“Tell me, my queen, why are your cheeks so […] your girdle—hide it not ! Which of the gods has […] you, which has ravished your maiden ? If Ares has wedded my girl in secret, if he has slept with Semele and neglected Aphrodite, let him come to your bed grasping his spear as a marriage-gift—your mother knows her begetter, the terrible warrior ! If quickshoe Hermes has made merry bridal with you, if he has forgotten his own Peitho for Semele’s beauty, let him bring you his rod to herald your wedding, or let him fit you with his own shoes as a gift worthy of your bed, that you too may be gold-shod like Hera the bedfellow of Zeus! If handsome Apollo has come from heaven to be your husband, if he has forgotten Daphne : because of his love for Semele, let him […] away with furtive guile, and come to you through the air drawn in his car by singing swans, and dancing delicately let him offer his harp as a gift for your favours, to show a trusty proof of the wedding! Cadmos will know that heavenly harp at sight, for he saw it, and heard the melodious tones, when it made music at his festal board for the wedding of Harmonia with a mortal. If Seabluehair went womanmad and forced you, preferring you to Melanippe the sage, sung by the poet, let him make merry in full view, and plant the prongs of his trident as a bridal gift before the gates of Cadmos ; so let him bestow the same honour beside snake-cherishing Dirce, as he gave to lion-breeding Lerna in the Argive country as a mark of his marriage with Amymone, where the place of the Lernaian nymph still bears the trident’s name. But why do I call you the bedfellow of Earthshaker? What tokens have you of Poseidon’s bed? Tyro was embraced in a flood by watery hands, counterfeit Enipeus came with his deceitful bubbling stream.

247εἰ δὲ καί, ὡς ἐνέπεις, σέο νυμφίος ἐστὶ Κρονίων, ἐλθέτω εἰς σέο λέκτρα σὺν ἱμερόεντι κεραυνῷ, ἀστεροπῇ γαμίῃ κεκορυθμένος, ὄφρά τις εἴπῃ· 250Ἥρης καὶ Σεμέλης νυμφοστόλοι εἰσὶ κεραυνοί. ζηλήμων περ ἐοῦσα Διὸς δάμαρ οὔ σε χαλέψει· οὐ γὰρ ἐπιτρέψειε τεὸς μητρώιος Ἄρης. ὀλβίη Εὐρώπη Σεμέλης πλέον, ἣν ὑπὲρ ὤμων Ζεὺς κερόεις ἀνάειρε· ποθοβλήτοιο δὲ ταύρου 255ἄβροχος ἀκροτάτοιο διʼ ὕδατος ἔτρεχε χηλή, καὶ σκάφος ἦεν Ἔρωτος ὁ τηλίκος. ἆ μέγα θαῦμα, παρθένος ἡνιόχευε τὸν αἰθέρος ἡνιοχῆα. ὀλβίζω Δανάην Σεμέλης πλέον, ἧς διὰ κόλπου χρύσεος ἐξ ὀρόφοιο κατέρρεεν ὑέτιος Ζεὺς 260ἀφνειῇ ῥαθάμιγγι γυναιμανέος νιφετοῖο· οὐ μὲν χρύσεα δῶρα μακαρτάτη ᾔτεε νύμφη· εἶχε γὰρ ἕδνον Ἔρωτος ὅλον πόσιν. ἀλλά τις εἴη σιγὴ ἐφʼ ἡμείων, γενέτης μὴ Κάδμος ἀκούσῃ.

if as you say, Cronion is your […], let him come to your bed with amorous thunders, armed with bridal lightning, that people may say— ‘Hera and Semele both have thunders in waiting for the bedchamber ! The consort of Zeus may be jealous, but she will not hurt you, for Ares your mother’s father will not allow it. Europa is more happy than Semele, for a horned Zeus carried her on his back ; the hoof of the lovestricken bull ran tied on the top of the water, and one so mighty was Love’s boat. What a great miracle! A maiden held the reins of him who holds the reins of heaven! I call Danae happier than Semele, for into her bosom Zeus poured a shower of gold from the roof, torrents of mad love In abundant showers! But that most blessed bride asked no gifts of gold; her lovegift was her whole husband. But let us be quiet, or your father Cadmos will hear.”

264ὣς φαμένη λίπε δῶμα καὶ ἀχνυμένην ἔτι νύμφην, 265Ἥρης ζῆλον ἔχουσαν ἀμιμήτων ὑμεναίων, μεμφομένην Κρονίωνι· παλιννόστῳ δὲ κελεύθῳ αἰθέρος ἔνδον ἵκανε, καὶ οὐρανίῳ παρὰ θώκῳ κείμενα δερκομένη Διὸς ἔντεα νόσφι φορῆος, οἷά περ εἰσαΐοντα, φίλῳ μειλίξατο μύθῳ· 270Βροντή, καὶ σὲ λέλοιπεν ἐμὸς νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς;

With these words Hera left the house, and the girl still in her grief, jealous of the inimitable state of Hera’s marriage and unsatisfied with Cronion, Hera returned to heaven and went indoors. There beside the heavenly throne she saw the weapons of Zeus lying without their owner ; and as if they could hear, she addressed them in friendly cajoling words :

271τίς πάλιν ἁρπάξας σε τεὸν γύμνωσε φορῆα; βροντή, ἐσυλήθης—οὐκ αἴτιός ἐστι Τυφωεύς— Ἥρης ξυνὰ παθοῦσα παρήγορε· νυμφοκόμος γὰρ ἡμέας ἀμφοτέρους ἀπαναίνεται ὑέτιος Ζεύς. 275οὐ νιφετοῖς ἔτι γαῖα παλύνεται, ὑγροχύτου δὲ ὄμβρου λειπομένου περιβόσκεται αὐχμὸς ἀρούρης αὔλακα, καρπὸν ἔχων ἀχρήιον· ἀγρονόμοις δὲ ἀντὶ κελαινεφέος κικλήσκεται ἀννέφελος Ζεύς. ἀστεροπαί, Κρονίωνι πυρώδεα ῥήξατε φωνήν, 280Ζηνὶ γυναιμανέοντι, φίλοι, φθέγξασθε, κεραυνοί. ἀλλὰ βαρυζήλων ἀχέων ποινήτορες Ἥρης εἰς Σεμέλην ἔρχεσθε γαμοστόλοι, ἕδνα δὲ μίτρης λισσομένη φλογόεντας ἑοὺς δέξαιτο φονῆας. τοῖα μὲν ἀφθόγγοις Διὸς ἔντεσιν ἴαχεν Ἥρη 285ἀχνυμένη, φθονερῷ δὲ χόλῳ κυμαίνετο δαίμων. καὶ Σεμέλη βαρύδεσμος ἑῷ νεοπενθέι θυμῷ

Dear Thunder, has Zeus my cloudgatherer deserted you too then ? Who has stolen you again and left your owner naked ? Thunder, you have been plundered ! But Typhoeus has nothing to do with it. The same has […] to Hera, my comforter: Rainy Zeus has to look after and neglects us both. The earth is no more sprinkled with showers: the downfall of rain has ceased, drought feeds on the plowland furrows and makes the crops worthless, the countryman speaks no more of Cloudy Zeus but Zeus Cloodless. My dear Lightnings, utter your fiery appeal to Cronion, call […] womanmad Zeus, my thunderbolts ! Avenge the jealous pain of Hera, attend upon Semele’s wedding ! Let her pray for a wedding-gift and receive her own fiery destroyers ! Such was the appeal of sorrowing Hera to the voiceless weapons, the goddess was boiling with jealousy and fury.

287ἀστεροπὴν ποθέουσα, πυραυγέα πομπὸν Ἐρώτων, μεμφομένοις στομάτεσσιν ἑὸν λιτάνευεν ἀκοίτην, Ἡραίης ἐθέλουσα πυριστεφέος τύπον εὐνῆς· 290Πρὸς Δανάης λίτομαί σε ῥυηφενέων ὑμεναίων,

But Semele heavily fettered with this new distress for her temper, longed for the lightning to be the fiery escort of their loves ; and she complained to Zeus, as she prayed for a show of fires about her bed like Hera :

291δὸς χάριν, Εὐρώπης κερόεις πόσις· αἰδέομαι γὰρ κικλήσκειν Σεμέλης σε, τὸν ὡς ὄναρ εἶδον, ἀκοίτην. Ἀκρίσιος Κάδμοιο μακάρτερος· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ ἤθελον, εἰ χρύσειον ἴδον γάμον, ὑέτιε Ζεῦ, 295εἰ μὴ τοῦτο γέρας σέο Περσέος ἥρπασε μήτηρ· ἤθελον, εἴ με κόμισσας ἐν ὕδασι ταῦρος ὁδίτης ὤμοις ὑμετέροισιν, ἵνα πλάζοιτο καὶ αὐτὸς γνωτὸς ἐμὸς Πολύδωρος, ἀλήμονος ἅρπαγα νύμφης μαστεύων, ἅτε Κάδμος, ἐμὸν Κρονίωνα φορῆα. 300ἀλλὰ τί μοι βοέοιο γάμου τύπος ἢ νιφετοῖο; οὐκ ἐθέλω γέρας ἶσον, ὅ περ χθονίη λάχε νύμφη. Εὐρώπῃ λίπε ταῦρον, ἔα Δανάῃ χύσιν ὄμβρου· Ἥρης μοῦνος ἔχει με γάμων φθόνος. εἴ με γεραίρεις, παστὸν ἐμὸν κόσμησον ἐπουρανίῳ σέο πυρσῷ 305αἰθύσσων νεφέων ἐρόεν σέλας, ἀστεροπὴν δὲ ἕδνον ἐμῆς φιλότητος ἀπειθέι δεῖξον Ἀγαύῃ· Αὐτονόη φρίξειεν ἐμῷ παρὰ γείτονι παστῷ νυμφοκόμων ἀίουσα μέλος βρονταῖον Ἐρώτων, σύμβολον αὐτοβόητον ἀκηρύκτων σέο λέκτρων. 310δὸς δέ, περιπτύξαιμι φίλην φλόγα καὶ φρένα τέρψω

“By Danae’s wooing I pray, grant me this grace, horned husband of Europa ; for I dare not call you Semele’s husband, when I have seen […] only like a dream Acrisios was more blessed Cadmos ; but I too should have been glad to see a wedding of gold, Zeus of the Rain, if the mother of Perseus had not first stolen that honour from thee. I should have been glad if you had carried me on your shoulders in the waters as a travelling bull, and my brother Polydoros like Cadmos could have hunted the robber of the wandering bride, Cronion who carried me. But what have I to do with wedlock in shape of a bull or a shower? I want no honour equal to some earthly bride. Leave Europa her bull, leave Danaé her shower of gold : Hera’s state is the one I envy, If you hold me worthy of honour, […] my chamber with your heavenly fire. Kindle a love-light in the clouds, show incredulous Agaue the lightning as my lovegift. Let Autonoe in her room close by hear the thunderous tune of our attendant Loves, and tremble at the self-announcing token of our unpublished marriage.

311ἀστεροπῆς ψαύουσα καὶ ἀμφαφόωσα κεραυνούς. δός μοι σῶν θαλάμων ζυγίην φλόγα· πᾶσα δὲ νύμφη πυρσὸν ἔχει πομπῆα τελεσσιγάμων ὑμεναίων. ἦ ῥα τεῶν γαμίων οὐκ ἄξιός εἰμι κεραυνῶν 315Ἄρεος αἷμα φέρουσα καὶ ὑμετέρης Ἀφροδίτης; δειλὴ ἐγώ· Σεμέλης μὲν ἔχει γάμος ὠκύμορον πῦρ καὶ χθονίους λαμπτῆρας, ἐφαπτομένη δὲ κεραυνοῦ καὶ στεροπῆς ψαύουσα τεὴ νυμφεύεται Ἥρη. νυμφίε τερπικέραυνε, σὺ μὲν πολυφεγγέι παστῷ 320ἔνθεον εἶδος ἔχων ἐπὶ δέμνιον ἔρχεαι Ἥρης ἀστεροπαῖς γαμίῃσι καταυγάζων σέο νύμφην Ζεὺς πυρόεις, Σεμέλῃ δὲ δράκων ἢ ταῦρος ἱκάνεις· κείνη μὲν βαρύδουπον Ὀλύμπιον ἦχον Ἐρώτων εἰσαΐει, Σεμέλη δὲ τύπῳ σκιοειδέι μορφῆς 325ταύρου ψευδαλέοιο νόθον μυκηθμὸν ἀκούει· ἄψοφος εἰς ἐμὰ λέκτρα κατέρχεται ἀννέφελος Ζεύς, καὶ νεφεληγερέτης ὑψαύχενι μίγνυται Ἥρῃ. κούρης δʼ αἰνογάμοιο πατὴρ ἐμὸς αἴσχεα φεύγων

Give it—let me embrace the dear flame and rejoice my heart, touching the lightning and handling the thunderbolts ! Give me the bridal flame of your own chamber ; every bride has torches to escort her in the marriage procession. Am Am Am Am Am Am Am Am Am Am I not worthy of your bridal thunderbolts, when I have the blood of Ares and your Aphrodite? How wretched I am! Semele’s wedding has quick-fading fire and earthly torches, —your Hera is a bride who grasps the thunderbolt and touches the lightning ! Thunder hurling bridegroom! You go to Hera’s bed in divine shape, illuminating your bride with bridal lightnings until the chamber shines with many lights—fiery Zeus but to Semele you come as dragon or a bull. She hears for her love the heavy Olympian rolling boom —Semele hears the sham bellow of a false bull under a vague shadowy shape. Soundless, cloudless, Zeus comes to my bed ; Cloudgatherer he mingles with Hera. Well may she hold up her head ! My father shrinks from insults for a daughter unhappily married, hides in the corners of the house—your Cadmos avoids the place where men tread ashamed to show himself to his people, because my row of maids all deride this secret union with you, and blame Semele for having a furtive bedmate.

329ἐνδόμυχος σέο Κάδμος ἀλυσκάζει πάτον ἀνδρῶν, 330αἰδόμενος ναέτῃσι φανήμεναι, ὅττι πολῖται πάντες ἐφυβρίζουσι τεοῖς κρυφίοις ὑμεναίοις μεμφόμενοι Σεμέλην, ὅτι φώριον ἔσχεν ἀκοίτην.

A fine wedding gift you have found me—the jeers of women. The attendants about me slander me, and far above the rest I fear the rough tongue of this garrulous nurse. Remember who wove the wily-witted fate for Typhon, and brought back to you the stolen spark of your thunder ! Show it to my father, who got it back, for old Cadmos demands of me a proof of your bed. Never yet have I seen the countenance of the true Cronion, never beheld the flashing gleam from his eyelids, or the rays from his face, or the lustrous beard! Your Olympian shape I have never seen, but expect a panther or lion— I have seen no god as a husband. I see you something mortal, and I am to bring forth a god ! Yet I have heard of another fiery wedding ; did not Helios embrace his bride Clymene with fiery nuptials ?

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.