Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 3.253–315: Semele and Zeus

Hera (Juno), angry at the love of Zeus (Jupiter) for Semele, disguises herself as Semele's old nurse and persuades her to ask her lover to appear to her as he does to Hera. Zeus has sworn to grant her wish, and appears with his thunderbolts, and Semele is burned to ashes. The unborn child is taken from her and sewn into Zeus' thigh, and is born as Dionysus (Bacchus), and nymphs bring him up.

Lines 3.253–315 · 584 words · click a number to copy its link
253Rumor in ambiguo est: aliis violentior aequo visa dea est, alii laudant dignamque severa 255virginitate vocant; pars invenit utraque causas. Sola Iovis coniunx non tam culpetne probetne eloquitur, quam clade domus ab Agenore ductae gaudet et a Tyria conlectum paelice transfert in generis socios odium. Subit ecce priori 260causa recens, gravidamque dolet de semine magni esse Iovis Semelen. Dum linguam ad iurgia solvit, “profeci quid enim totiens per iurgia?” dixit: “ipsa petenda mihi est, ipsam, si maxima Iuno rite vocor, perdam, si me gemmantia dextra 265sceptra tenere decet, si sum regina Iovisque et soror et coniunx, certe soror. At, puto, furto est contenta, et thalami brevis est iniuria nostri: concipit, id deerat! manifestaque crimina pleno fert utero, et mater, quod vix mihi contigit uno 270de Iove vult fieri: tanta est fiducia formae.

But the spouse
of Jove, alone remaining silent, gave
nor praise nor blame. Whenever calamity
befell the race of Cadmus she rejoiced,
in secret, for she visited her rage
on all Europa's kindred.
Now a fresh
occasion has been added to her grief,
and wild with jealousy of Semele,
her tongue as ever ready to her rage,
lets loose a torrent of abuse;
“Away!
Away with words! Why should I speak of it?
Let me attack her! Let me spoil that jade!
Am I not Juno the supreme of Heaven?
Queen of the flashing scepter? Am I not
sister and wife of Jove omnipotent?
She even wishes to be known by him
a mother of a Deity, a joy
almost denied to me! Great confidence
has she in her great beauty—nevertheless,
I shall so weave the web the bolt of Jove
would fail to save her.—Let the Gods deny
that I am Saturn's daughter, if her shade
descend not stricken to the Stygian wave.”

271Fallat eam faxo; nec sum Saturnia, si non ab Iove mersa suo Stygias penetrabit in undas.” Surgit ab his solio fulvaque recondita nube limen adit Semeles. Nec nubes ante removit, 275quam simulavit anum posuitque ad tempora canos sulcavitque cutem rugis et curva trementi membra tulit passu; vocem quoque fecit anilem, ipsaque erat Beroe, Semeles Epidauria nutrix. Ergo ubi captato sermone diuque loquendo 280ad nomen venere Iovis, suspirat et “opto, Iuppiter ut sit” ait: “metuo tamen omnia: multi nomine divorum thalamos iniere pudicos. Nec tamen esse Iovem satis est: det pignus amoris, si modo verus is est, quantusque et qualis ab alta 285Iunone excipitur, tantus talisque, rogato, det tibi complexus suaque ante insignia sumat.” Talibus ignaram Iuno Cadmeida dictis formarat. Rogat illa Iovem sine nomine munus. Cui deus “elige” ait: “nullam patiere repulsam.

She rose up quickly from her shining throne,
and hidden in a cloud of fiery hue
descended to the home of Semele;
and while encompassed by the cloud, transformed
her whole appearance as to counterfeit
old Beroe, an Epidaurian nurse,
who tended Semele.
Her tresses changed
to grey, her smooth skin wrinkled and her step
grown feeble as she moved with trembling limbs;—
her voice was quavering as an ancient dame's,
as Juno, thus disguised, began to talk
to Semele. When presently the name
of Jove was mentioned—artful Juno thus;
(doubtful that Jupiter could be her love)—
“When Jove appears to pledge his love to you,
implore him to assume his majesty
and all his glory, even as he does
in presence of his stately Juno—Yea,
implore him to caress you as a God.”
With artful words as these the goddess worked
upon the trusting mind of Semele,
daughter of Cadmus, till she begged of Jove
a boon, that only hastened her sad death;
for Jove not knowing her design replied,
“Whatever thy wish, it shall not be denied,
and that thy heart shall suffer no distrust,
I pledge me by that Deity, the Waves
of the deep Stygian Lake,—oath of the Gods.”

290Quoque magis credas, Stygii quoque conscia sunto numina torrentis: timor et deus ille deorum est“. Laeta malo nimiumque potens perituraque amantis obsequio Semele “qualem Saturnia” dixit “te solet amplecti, Veneris cum foedus initis, 295da mihi te talem.” Voluit deus ora loquentis opprimere: exierat iam vox properata sub auras. Ingemuit; neque enim non haec optasse, neque ille non iurasse potest. Ergo maestissimus altum aethera conscendit vultuque sequentia traxit 300nubila, quis nimbos inmixtaque fulgura ventis addidit et tonitrus et inevitabile fulmen. Qua tamen usque potest, vires sibi demere temptat; nec, quo centimanum deiecerat igne Typhoea, nunc armatur eo: nimium feritatis in illo est. 305Est aliud levius fulmen, cui dextra Cyclopum saevitiae flammaeque minus, minus addidit irae; tela secunda vocant superi. Capit illa, domumque intrat Agenoream. Corpus mortale tumultus non tulit aetherios donisque iugalibus arsit. 310Imperfectus adhuc infans genetricis ab alvo eripitur, patrioque tener (si credere dignum est) insuitur femori maternaque tempora complet. Furtim illum primis Ino matertera cuuis educat: inde datum nymphae Nyseides antris 315occuluere suis lactisque alimenta dedere.

All overjoyed at her misfortune, proud
that she prevailed, and pleased that she secured
of him a promise, that could only cause
her own disaster, Semele addressed
almighty Jove; “Come unto me in all
the splendour of thy glory, as thy might
is shown to Juno, goddess of the skies.”
Fain would he stifle her disastrous tongue;
before he knew her quest the words were said;
and, knowing that his greatest oath was pledged,
he sadly mounted to the lofty skies,
and by his potent nod assembled there
the deep clouds: and the rain began to pour,
and thunder-bolts resounded.
But he strove
to mitigate his power, and armed him not
with flames overwhelming as had put to flight
his hundred-handed foe Typhoeus—flames
too dreadful. Other thunder-bolts he took,
forged by the Cyclops of a milder heat,
with which insignia of his majesty,
sad and reluctant, he appeared to her.—
her mortal form could not endure the shock
and she was burned to ashes in his sight.
An unformed babe was rescued from her side,
and, nurtured in the thigh of Jupiter,
completed Nature's time until his birth.
Ino, his aunt, in secret nursed the boy
and cradled him. And him Nyseian nymphs
concealed in caves and fed with needful milk.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.