Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 3.402–510: Narcissus

One of the lovers whom Narcissus has scorned prays that he may love and not win his love, and Nemesis grants the prayer. He sees his own reflection in a clear pool, falls in love with it and cannot leave, and wastes away. Echo, who still loves him, grieves, and when he dies a flower with white petals and a yellow centre grows in his place.

Lines 3.402–510 · 1305 words · click a number to copy its link
402Sic hanc, sic alias undis aut montibus ortas luserat hic nymphas, sic coetus ante viriles. Inde manus aliquis despectus ad aethera tollens 405“sic amet ipse licet sic non potiatur amato!” dixerat. Adsensit precibus Rhamnusia iustis. Fons erat inlimis, nitidis argenteus undis, quem neque pastores neque pastae monte capellae contigerant aliudve pecus, quem nulla volucris 410nec fera turbarat nec lapsus ab arbore ramus. Gramen erat circa, quod proximus umor alebat, silvaque sole locum passura tepescere nullo. Hic puer, et studio venandi lassus et aestu, procubuit faciemque loci fontemque secutus. Dumque bibit, visae correptus imagine formae adstupet ipse sibi, vultuque inmotus eodem haeret, ut e Pario formatum marmore signum. 420Spectat humi positus geminum, sua lumina, sidus et dignos Baccho, dignos et Apolline crines impubesque genas et eburnea colla decusque oris et in niveo mixtum candore ruborem, cunctaque miratur, quibus est mirabilis ipse.

and as the prayer was uttered it was heard
by Nemesis, who granted her assent.
There was a fountain silver-clear and bright,
which neither shepherds nor the wild she-goats,
that range the hills, nor any cattle's mouth
had touched—its waters were unsullied—birds
disturbed it not; nor animals, nor boughs
that fall so often from the trees. Around
sweet grasses nourished by the stream grew; trees
that shaded from the sun let balmy airs
temper its waters. Here Narcissus, tired
of hunting and the heated noon, lay down,
attracted by the peaceful solitudes
and by the glassy spring. There as he stooped
to quench his thirst another thirst increased.
While he is drinking he beholds himself
reflected in the mirrored pool—and loves;
loves an imagined body which contains
no substance, for he deems the mirrored shade
a thing of life to love. He cannot move,
for so he marvels at himself, and lies
with countenance unchanged, as if indeed
a statue carved of Parian marble. Long,
supine upon the bank, his gaze is fixed
on his own eyes, twin stars; his fingers shaped
as Bacchus might desire, his flowing hair
as glorious as Apollo's, and his cheeks
youthful and smooth; his ivory neck, his mouth
dreaming in sweetness, his complexion fair
and blushing as the rose in snow-drift white.
All that is lovely in himself he loves,
and in his witless way he wants himself:—
he who approves is equally approved;
he seeks, is sought, he burns and he is burnt.

425Se cupit imprudens et qui probat, ipse probatur, dumque petit, petitur, pariterque accendit et ardet. Inrita fallaci quotiens dedit oscula fonti! In mediis quotiens visum captantia collum bracchia mersit aquis, nec se deprendit in illis! 430Quid videat, nescit: sed quod videt, uritur illo, atque oculos idem, qui decipit, incitat error. Credule, quid frusta simulacra fugacia captas? quod petis, est nusquam; quod amas, avertere, perdes. Ista repercussae, quam cernis, imaginis umbra est: 435nil habet ista sui; tecum venitque manetque, tecum discedet, si tu discedere possis. Non illum Cereris, non illum cura quietis abstrahere inde potest, sed opaca fusus in herba spectat inexpleto mendacem lumine formam, 440perque oculos perit ipse suos; paulumque levatus ad circumstantes tendens sua bracchia silvas “ecquis, io silvae, crudelius” inquit “amavit? Scitis enim, et multis latebra opportuna fuistis.

And how he kisses the deceitful fount;
and how he thrusts his arms to catch the neck
that's pictured in the middle of the stream!
Yet never may he wreathe his arms around
that image of himself. He knows not what
he there beholds, but what he sees inflames
his longing, and the error that deceives
allures his eyes. But why, O foolish boy,
so vainly catching at this flitting form?
The cheat that you are seeking has no place.
Avert your gaze and you will lose your love,
for this that holds your eyes is nothing save
the image of yourself reflected back to you.
It comes and waits with you; it has no life;
it will depart if you will only go.
Nor food nor rest can draw him thence—outstretched
upon the overshadowed green, his eyes
fixed on the mirrored image never may know
their longings satisfied, and by their sight
he is himself undone. Raising himself
a moment, he extends his arms around,
and, beckoning to the murmuring forest; “Oh,
ye aisled wood was ever man in love
more fatally than I? Your silent paths
have sheltered many a one whose love was told,
and ye have heard their voices. Ages vast
have rolled away since your forgotten birth,
but who is he through all those weary years
that ever pined away as I?

444Ecquem, cum vestrae tot agantur saecula vitae, 445qui sic tabuerit, longo meministis in aevo? Et placet et video; sed quod videoque placetque, non tamen invenio: tantus tenet error amantem. Quoque magis doleam, nec nos mare separat ingens, nec via nec montes nec clausis moenia portis: 450exigua prohibemur aqua. Cupit ipse teneri: nam quotiens liquidis porreximus oscula lymphis, hic totiens ad me resupino nititur ore. Posse putes tangi: minimum est, quod amantibus obstat. Quisquis es, huc exi! quid me, puer unice, fallis, 455quove petitus abis? certe nec forma nec aetas est mea quam fugias, et amarunt me quoque nymphae. Spem mihi nescio quam vultu promittis amico, cumque ego porrexi tibi bracchia, porrigis ultro: cum risi, adrides; lacrimas quoque saepe notavi 460me lacrimante tuas, nutu quoque signa remittis, et quantum motu formosi suspicor oris, verba refers aures non pervenientia nostras. Iste ego sum: sensi, nec me mea fallit imago.

Alas,
this fatal image wins my love, as I
behold it. But I cannot press my arms
around the form I see, the form that gives
me joy. What strange mistake has intervened
betwixt us and our love? It grieves me more
that neither lands nor seas nor mountains, no,
nor walls with closed gates deny our loves,
but only a little water keeps us far
asunder. Surely he desires my love
and my embraces, for as oft I strive
to kiss him, bending to the limpid stream
my lips, so often does he hold his face
fondly to me, and vainly struggles up.
It seems that I could touch him. 'Tis a strange
delusion that is keeping us apart.
“Whoever thou art, Come up! Deceive me not!
Oh, whither when I fain pursue art thou?
Ah, surely I am young and fair, the Nymphs
have loved me; and when I behold thy smiles
I cannot tell thee what sweet hopes arise.
When I extend my loving arms to thee
thine also are extended me — thy smiles
return my own. When I was weeping, I
have seen thy tears, and every sign I make
thou cost return; and often thy sweet lips
have seemed to move, that, peradventure words,
which I have never heard, thou hast returned.
“No more my shade deceives me, I perceive
'Tis I in thee—I love myself—the flame
arises in my breast and burns my heart—
what shall I do? Shall I at once implore?

464Uror amore mei, flammas moveoque feroque. 465Quid faciam? roger, anne rogem? quid deinde rogabo? quod cupio mecum est: inopem me copia fecit. O utinam a nostro secedere corpore possem! Votum in amante novum: vellem quod amamus abesset! — Iamque dolor vires adimit, nec tempora vitae 470longa meae superant, primoque exstinguor in aevo. Nec mihi mors gravis est posituro morte dolores: hic, qui diligitur, vellem diuturnior esset. Nunc duo concordes anima moriemur in una.” Dixit et ad faciem rediit male sanus eandem 475et lacrimis turbavit aquas, obscuraque moto reddita forma lacu est. Quam cum vidisset abire, “quo refugis? remane, nec me, crudelis, amantem desere!” clamavit: “liceat, quod tangere non est, adspicere et misero praebere alimenta furori.” 480Dumque dolet, summa vestem deduxit ab ora nudaque marmoreis percussit pectora palmis.

Or should I linger till my love is sought?
What is it I implore? The thing that I
desire is mine—abundance makes me poor.
Oh, I am tortured by a strange desire
unknown to me before, for I would fain
put off this mortal form; which only means
I wish the object of my love away.
Grief saps my strength, the sands of life are run,
and in my early youth am I cut off;
but death is not my bane—it ends my woe.—
I would not death for this that is my love,
as two united in a single soul
would die as one.”
He spoke; and crazed with love,
returned to view the same face in the pool;
and as he grieved his tears disturbed the stream,
and ripples on the surface, glassy clear,
defaced his mirrored form. And thus the youth,
when he beheld that lovely shadow go;
“Ah whither cost thou fly? Oh, I entreat
thee leave me not. Alas, thou cruel boy
thus to forsake thy lover. Stay with me
that I may see thy lovely form, for though
I may not touch thee I shall feed my eyes
and soothe my wretched pains.” And while he spoke
he rent his garment from the upper edge,
and beating on his naked breast, all white
as marble, every stroke produced a tint
as lovely as the apple streaked with red,
or as the glowing grape when purple bloom
touches the ripening clusters.

482Pectora traxerunt tenuem percussa ruborem, non aliter quam poma solent, quae candida parte, parte rubent, aut ut variis solet uva racemis 485ducere purpureum nondum matura colorem. Quae simul adspexit liquefacta rursus in unda, non tulit ulterius, sed ut intabescere flavae igne levi cerae matutinaeque pruinae sole tepente solent, sic attenuatus amore 490liquitur et tecto paulatim carpitur igni. Et neque iam color est mixto candore rubori, nec vigor et vires et quae modo visa placebant, nec corpus remanet, quondam quod amaverat Echo. Quae tamen ut vidit, quamvis irata memorque, 495indoluit, quotiensque puer miserabilis “eheu” dixerat, haec resonis iterabat vocibus “eheu”; cumque suos manibus percusserat ille lacertos, haec quoque reddebat sonitum plangoris eundem. Ultima vox solitam fuit haec spectantis in undam, 500“heu frustra dilecte puer!” totidemque remisit verba locus, dictoque vale “vale!” inquit et Echo. Ille caput viridi fessum submisit in herba; lumina mors clausit domini mirantia formam. Tunc quoque se, postquam est inferna sede receptus, 505in Stygia spectabat aqua. Planxere sorores naides et sectos fratri posuere capillos, planxerunt dryades: plangentibus adsonat Echo. Iamque rogum quassasque faces feretrumque parabant: nusquam corpus erat; croceum pro corpore florem 510inveniunt, foliis medium cingentibus albis.

When as glass
again the rippling waters smoothed, and when
such beauty in the stream the youth observed,
no more could he endure. As in the flame
the yellow wax, or as the hoar-frost melts
in early morning 'neath the genial sun;
so did he pine away, by love consumed,
and slowly wasted by a hidden flame.
No vermeil bloom now mingled in the white
of his complexion fair; no strength has he,
no vigor, nor the comeliness that wrought
for love so long: alas, that handsome form
by Echo fondly loved may please no more.
But when she saw him in his hapless plight,
though angry at his scorn, she only grieved.
As often as the love-lore boy complained,
“Alas!” “Alas!” her echoing voice returned;
and as he struck his hands against his arms,
she ever answered with her echoing sounds.
And as he gazed upon the mirrored pool
he said at last, “Ah, youth beloved in vain!”
“In vain, in vain!” the spot returned his words;
and when he breathed a sad “farewell!” “Farewell!”
sighed Echo too. He laid his wearied head,
and rested on the verdant grass; and those
bright eyes, which had so loved to gaze, entranced,
on their own master's beauty, sad Night closed.
And now although among the nether shades
his sad sprite roams, he ever loves to gaze
on his reflection in the Stygian wave.
His Naiad sisters mourned, and having clipped
their shining tresses laid them on his corpse:
and all the Dryads mourned: and Echo made
lament anew. And these would have upraised
his funeral pyre, and waved the flaming torch,
and made his bier; but as they turned their eyes
where he had been, alas he was not there!
And in his body's place a sweet flower grew,
golden and white, the white around the gold.
Narcissus' fate, when known throughout the land
and cities of Achaia, added fame
deserved, to blind Tiresias,—mighty seer.

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English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.