Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.298–400: The fall of Phaethon; the Heliades and Cycnus

Zeus (Jupiter, 'Jove' in More's translation) hurls his thunderbolt and Phaethon falls blazing into the river Eridanus, where the naiads bury him. His sisters, the Heliades, mourn for four months and are changed into poplars, and their tears become amber. Cycnus, a friend of Phaethon, grieves and is turned into a swan. The Sun, in his own grief, refuses to drive the chariot again until the gods, and Zeus with threats, entreat him.

Lines 2.298–400 · 1077 words · click a number to copy its link
298Si freta, si terrae pereunt, si regia caeli, in chaos antiquum confundimur. Eripe flammis, 300siquid adhuc superest, et rerum consule summae.” Dixerat haec Tellus: neque enim tolerare vaporem ulterius potuit nec dicere plura: suumque rettulit os in se propioraque manibus antra. At pater omnipotens, superos testatus et ipsum, 305qui dederat currus, nisi opem ferat, omnia fato interitura gravi, summam petit arduus arcem, unde solet nubes latis inducere terris, unde movet tonitrus vibrataque fulmina iactat. Sed neque quas posset terris inducere nubes 310tunc habuit, nec quos caelo demitteret imbres. Intonat et dextra libratum fulmen ab aure misit in aurigam pariterque animaque rotisque expulit et saevis compescuit ignibus ignes. Consternantur equi et saltu in contraria facto 315colla iugo eripiunt abruptaque lora relinquunt. Illic frena iacent, illic temone revulsus axis, in hac radii fractarum parte rotarum, sparsaque sunt late laceri vestigia currus.

If the seas and lands
together perish and thy palace fall,
the universe confused will plunge once more
to ancient Chaos. Save it from this wreck—
if anything survive the fury of the flames.”
So made the tortured Earth an end of speech;
and she was fain to hide her countenance
in caves that border on the nether night.
But now the Almighty Father, having called
to witness all the Gods of Heaven, and him
who gave the car, that, else his power be shown,
must perish all in dire confusion, high
he mounted to the altitude from which
he spreads the mantling clouds, and fulminates
his dreadful thunders and swift lightning-bolts
terrific.—Clouds were none to find on the earth,
and the surrounding skies were void of rain.—
Jove, having reached that summit, stood and poised
in his almighty hand a flashing dart,
and, hurling it, deprived of life and seat
the youthful charioteer, and struck with fire
the raging flames— and by the same great force
those flames enveloping the earth were quenched,
and he who caused their fury lost his life.
Frantic in their affright the horses sprang
across the bounded way and cast their yokes,
and through the tangled harness lightly leaped.

319At Phaethon rutilos flamma populante capillos, 320volvitur in praeceps longoque per aera tractu fertur, ut interdum de caelo stella sereno etsi non cecidit, potuit cecidisse videri. Quem procul a patria diverso maximus orbe excipit Eridanus fumantiaque abluit ora. 325Naïdes Hesperiae trifida fumantia flamma corpora dant tumulo, signant quoque carmine saxum: HIC SITUS EST PHAETHON, CURRUS AURIGA PATERNI: QUEM SI NON TENUIT, MAGNIS TAMEN EXCIDIT AUSIS. Nam pater obductos, luctu miserabilis aegro 330condiderat vultus: et, si modo credimus, unum isse diem sine sole ferunt: incendia lumen praebebant aliquisque malo fuit usus in illo. At Clymene postquam dixit quaecumque fuerunt in tantis dicenda malis, lugubris et amens 335et laniata sinus totum percensuit orbem, exanimesque artus primo, mox ossa requirens repperit (ossa tamen peregrina condita ripa!), incubuitque loco nomenque in marmore lectum perfudit lacrimis et aperto pectore fovit.

And here the scattered harness lay, and there
the shattered axle, wrenched from off the pole,
and various portions of the broken car;
spokes of the broken Wheel were scattered round.
And far fell Phaethon with flaming hair;
as haply from the summer sky appears
a falling star, although it never drops
to startled earth.—Far distant from his home
the deep Eridanus received the lad
and bathed his foaming face. His body charred
by triple flames Hesperian Naiads bore,
still smoking, to a tomb, and this engraved
upon the stone; “Here Phaethon's remains
lie buried. He who drove his father's car
and fell, although he made a great attempt.”
Filled with consuming woe, his father hid
his countenance which grief had overcast.
And now, surpassing our belief, they say
a day passed over with no glowing sun;—
but light-affording flames appeared to change
disaster to the cause of good.
Amazed,
the woeful Clymene, when she had moaned
in grief, amid her lamentations tore
her bosom, as across the world she roamed,
at first to seek his lifeless corpse, and then
his bones. She wandered to that distant land
and found at last his bones ensepulchred.
There, clinging to the grave she fell and bathed
with many tears his name on marble carved,
and with her bosom warmed the freezing
stone.

340Nec minus Heliades lugent et inania morti munera dant lacrimas, et caesae pectora palmis non auditurum miseras Phaethonta querellas nocte dieque vocant adsternunturque sepulcro. Luna quater iunctis implerat cornibus orbem: 345illae more suo (nam morem fecerat usus) plangorem dederant. E quis Phaethusa, sororum maxima, cum vellet terra procumbere, questa est deriguisse pedes. Ad quam conata venire candida Lampetie subita radice retenta est. 350Tertia cum crinem manibus laniare pararet, avellit frondes; haec stipite crura teneri, illa dolet fieri longos sua bracchia ramos. Dumque ea mirantur, complectitur inguina cortex, perque gradus uterum pectusque umerosque manusque 355ambit et exstabant tantum ora vocantia matrem. Quid faciat mater, nisi, quo trahat impetus illam, huc eat atque illuc, et, dum licet, oscula iungat? Non satis est; truncis avellere corpora temptat, et teneros manibus ramos abrumpit; at inde 360sanguineae manant, tamquam de vulnere, guttae.

And all the daughters of the Sun went there
giving their tears, alas a useless gift;—
they wept and beat their breasts, and day and night
called, “Phaethon,” who heard not any sound
of their complaint:—and there they lay foredone,
all scattered round the tomb.
The silent moon
had four times joined her horns and filled her disk,
while they, according to an ancient rite,
made lamentation. Prone upon the ground,
the eldest, Phaethusa, would arise
from there, but found her feet were growing stiff;
and uttered moan. Lampetia wished to aid
her sister but was hindered by new roots;
a third when she would tear her hair, plucked forth
but leaves: another wailed to find her legs
were fastened in a tree; another moaned
to find her arms to branches had been changed.
And while they wondered, bark enclosed their thighs,
and covered their smooth bellies, and their breasts,
and shoulders and their hands, but left untouched
their lips that called upon their mother's name.
What can she do for them? Hither she runs
and thither runs, wherever frenzy leads.
She kisses them, alas, while yet she may!
But not content with this, she tried to hale
their bodies from the trees; and she would tear
the tender branches with her hands, but lo!
The blood oozed out as from a bleeding wound;
and as she wounded them they shrieked aloud,
“Spare me!

361“Parce, precor, mater”, quaecumque est saucia, clamat, “parce, precor: nostrum laceratur in arbore corpus. iamque vale” —cortex in verba novissima venit. Inde fluunt lacrimae, stillataque sole rigescunt 365de ramis electra novis, quae lucidus amnis excipit et nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis. Adfuit huic monstro proles Stheneleia Cycnus, qui tibi materno quamvis a sanguine iunctus, mente tamen, Phaethon, propior fuit. Ille relicto 370(nam Ligurum populos et magnas rexerat urbes) imperio ripas virides amnemque querellis Eridanum implerat silvamque sororibus auctam, cum vox est tenuata viro, canaeque capillos dissimulant plumae, collumque a pectore longe 375porrigitur, digitosque ligat iunctura rubentes, penna latus velat, tenet os sine acumine rostrum. Fit nova Cycnus avis, nec se caeloque Iovique credit, ut iniuste missi memor ignis ab illo: stagna petit patulosque lacus, ignemque perosus 380quae colat elegit contraria flumina flammis.

O mother spare me; in the tree
my flesh is torn! farewell! farewell! farewell!”
And as they spoke the bark enclosed their lips.
Their tears flow forth, and from the new-formed
boughs
amber distils and slowly hardens in the sun;
and far from there upon the waves is borne
to deck the Latin women.
Cycnus, son
of Sthenelus, by his maternal house
akin to Phaethon, and thrice by love
allied, beheld this wonderful event.—
he left his kingdom of Liguria,
and all its peopled cities, to lament
where the sad sisters had increased the woods,
beside the green banks of Eridanus.
There, as he made complaint, his manly voice
began to pipe a treble, shrill; and long
gray plumes concealed his hair. A slender neck
extended from his breast, and reddening toes
were joined together by a membrane. Wings
grew from his sides, and from his mouth was made
a blunted beak. Now Cycnus is a swan,
and yet he fears to trust the skies and Jove,
for he remembers fires, unjustly sent,
and therefore shuns the heat that he abhors,
and haunts the spacious lakes and pools and streams
that quench the fires.

381Squalidus interea genitor Phaethontis et expers ipse sui decoris, qualis, cum deficit orbem, esse solet, lucemque odit seque ipse diemque, datque animum in luctus; et luctibus adicit iram 385officiumque negat mundo. “Satis” inquit “ab aevi sors mea principiis fuit inrequieta, pigetque actorum sine fine mihi, sine honore, laborum. Quilibet alter agat portantes lumina currus! Si nemo est omnesque dei non posse fatentur, 390ipse agat ut saltem, dum nostras temptat habenas, orbatura patres aliquando fulmina ponat. Tum sciet, ignipedum vires expertus equorum, non meruisse necem, qui non bene rexerit illos.” Talia dicentem circumstant omnia Solem 395numina, neve velit tenebras inducere rebus, supplice voce rogant: missos quoque Iuppiter ignes excusat precibusque minas regaliter addit. Conligit amentes et adhuc terrore paventes Phoebus equos stimuloque dolens et verbere saevit: 400saevit enim, natumque obiectat et imputat illis.

In squalid garb, meanwhile,
and destitute of all his rays, the sire
of Phaethon, as dark as when eclipse bedims
his Wheel, abhors himself and hates the light,
shuns the bright day, gives up his mind to grief,
adds passion to his woe, denies the earth
his countenance, and thus laments; “My lot
was ever restless from the dawn of time,
and I am weary of this labour, void
and endless. Therefore, let who will urge forth
my car, light-bearing, and if none may dare,
when all the Gods of Heaven acknowledge it,
let Jove himself essay the task. Perchance,
when he takes up the reins, he may forget
his dreadful lightning that bereaves of child
a father's love; and as he tries the strength
of those flame-footed steeds will know, in truth,
the lad who failed to guide my chariot
deserved not death.”
But all the Deities
encircle Phoebus as he makes complaint,
and with their supplications they entreat
him not to plunge the world in darkness. Jove
would find excuses for the lightning-bolt,
hurled from his hand, and adds imperious threats
to his entreaties. Phoebus calls his steeds,
frenzied with their maddening fires, and
breaks
their fury, as he vents with stinging lash
his rage upon them, and in passion lays
on them the death of Phaethon his son.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.