Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 7.255–368: Book 7: Zeus woos Semele

Zeus, struck by Eros's arrow, goes back to heaven and calls on Helios to hasten the night. He crosses to Thebes in two bounds and comes to Semele in the shapes of a bull, a lion, a panther, a bridegroom and a snake. He tells her that she will bear a son who will make men forget their troubles, and that she will be called immortal.

Lines 7.255–368 · 1061 words · click a number to copy its link
255τοῖα μὲν ἐν ῥοθίοισιν ὑποβρυχίη φάτο φωνή Ζεὺς δὲ πυριγλώχινι πόθου δεδονημένος οἴστρῳ νηχομένης πάπταινε ῥοδόχροα δάκτυλα κούρης· ἀσταθέος δʼ ἐλέλιζεν ἀλήμονα κύκλον ὀπωπῆς, πῇ μὲν ὀπιπεύων ῥοδέου σπινθῆρα προσώπου, 260πῇ δὲ βοογλήνων βλεφάρων σέλας, ἄλλοτε χαίτην πλαζομένην ἀνέμοισι, παρελκομένων δὲ κομάων ἀσκεπέος σκοπίαζεν ἐλεύθερον αὐχένα κούρης· στέρνα δὲ μᾶλλον ὄπωπε, κατὰ Κρονίδαο δὲ γυμνοὶ μαζοὶ ἐθωρήχθησαν ἀκοντιστῆρες Ἐρώτων· 265καὶ χρόα πάντα δόκευεν· ἀθηήτοιο δὲ μούνου ὄμμασιν αἰδομένοισι παρήλυθεν ὄργια κόλπου. καὶ Διὸς αἰθερίοιο νόος μετανάστιος ἕρπων νηχομένῃ Σεμέλῃ συνενήχετο· θελγομένῳ δὲ ἡδυμανῆ σπινθῆρα δεδεγμένος ἠθάδι θυμῷ 270παιδὶ πατὴρ ὑπόειξεν· ἀκιδνοτάτῳ δὲ βελέμνῳ βαιὸς Ἔρως ἔφλεξεν ὀιστευτῆρα κεραυνοῦ· οὐδὲ χύσις νιφετοῖο, καὶ οὐ φλογόεντι φορῆι ἀστεροπὴ χραίσμησεν, ἐνικήθη δὲ καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπτολέμου Παφίης ὀλίγῳ πυρὶ τοσσατίη φλὸξ 275οὐρανίη· καὶ βαιὸς Ἔρως λασιότριχι ῥινῷ, αἰγίδι κεστὸς ἔριζεν, ἐρωτοτόκῳ δὲ φαρέτρῃ βρονταίης βαρύδουπος ἐδουλώθη κτύπος ἠχοῦς. καὶ Σεμέλης δεδόνητο πόθου φρενοθελγέι κέντρῳ θάμβος ἔχων· φιλίῳ γὰρ ἔρως πέλε θαύματι γείτων.

So spoke the voice from under the swirling waters. But Zeus shaken by the firebarbed sting of desire watched the rosy fingers of the swimming girl. Unrestingly he moved his wandering glance, now gazing at the sparkling rosy face, now bright eyes as full as a cow’s under the eyelids, now the hair floating on the breeze, and as the hair blew away he scanned the free neck of the unclad maid ; but the bosom most of all and the naked breasts seemed to be armed against Cronides, volleying shafts of love. All her flesh he surveyed, only passed by the secrets of her […] by his modest eyes. The mind of Zeus […] and crept down to swim beside swimming Semele. Enchanted he received the sweet maddening spark in a heart which knew it well. Allfather was worsted by a child : little Eros with his feeble shot set afire this Archer of Thunderbolts. Not the deluge of the flood, not the fiery lightning could help its possessor: that huge heavenly flame itself was vanquished by the small fire of unwarlike Paphia ; Little faced the shaggy skin, his magical girdle faced the aegis: the heavy-booming din of the thunderclap was the slave of his love-breeding quiver. The god was shaken by the heart-bewitching sting of desire for Semele, in amazement for love Is near neighbour to admiration.

280καὶ μόγις εἰς πόλον ἦλθε δολοπλόκος ὑψιμέδων Ζεὺς ἔνθεον ἀμφιέπων παλινάγρετον εἶδος ὀπωπῆς. καὶ νυχίης ἐθέλων Σεμέλης ἐπιβήμεναι εὐνῆς εἰς δύσιν ὄμμα τίταινε, πότε γλυκὺς Ἕσπερος ἔλθῃ· καὶ δολιχὴν Φαέθοντος ἐμέμφετο δείελον ὥρην, 285καὶ φιλίοις στομάτεσσι δυσίμερον ἴαχε φωνήν· Ἔννεπε, Νὺξ χρονίη, φθονερὴ πότε δύεται Ἠώς; ἀλλὰ σὺ δαλὸν ἄειρε Διὸς προκέλευθον Ἐρώτων, λαμπάδα νυκτιπόλοιο προθεσπίζουσα Λυαίου ζηλήμων Φαέθων με βιάζεται· ἦ ῥα καὶ αὐτὸς 290ἱμείρει Σεμέλης καὶ ἐμοὶ ποθέοντι μεγαίρει; ἠέλιε, κλονέεις με καὶ εἰ μάθες οἶστρον Ἐρώτων· φειδομένῃ μάστιγι πόθεν βραδὺν ἵππον ἱμάσσεις; οἶδα καὶ ὀξυτάτην ἑτέρην δύσιν· ἢν ἐθελήσω, καὶ σὲ καὶ ἠριγένειαν ἐμοῖς νεφέεσσι καλύψω, 295καὶ σέο κευθομένοιο φανήσεται ἠματίη Νὺξ Ζηνὸς ἐπειγομένοιο γαμοστόλος, ὄφρα φαείνῃ ἄστρα μεσημβρίζοντα, καὶ ἠθάδα πομπὸν Ἐρώτων ἕσπερον ἀντέλλοντα καὶ οὐ δύνοντα τελέσσω. ἀλλὰ τεὸν προκέλευθον Ἑωσφόρον εἰς δύσιν ἕλκων 300σοὶ καὶ ἐμοὶ ποθέοντι χαρίζεο, παννύχιος δὲ σῆς Κλυμένης ἀπόναιο, καὶ εἰς Σεμέλην ταχὺς ἔλθω. ζεῦξον ἐμοὶ τεὸν ἅρμα, φαεσφόρε καὶ σὺ Σελήνη, μαρμαρυγὴν πέμπουσα φυτηκόμον, ὅττι γενέθλην θεσπίζει γάμος οὗτος ἀεξιφύτου Διονύσου, 305καὶ Σεμέλης ἐρατοῖσιν ἐπαντέλλουσα μελάθροις λάμψον ἐμοὶ ποθέοντι σὺν ἀστέρι Κυπρογενείης, καὶ γλυκερὴν μήκυνε Διὸς θαλαμηπόλον ὄρφνην. τοῖα πατὴρ ἀγόρευε, τά περ πόθος οἶδε κελεῦσαι. ἀλλʼ ὅτε οἱ σπεύδοντι χαμαιγενὲς ἅλμα τιταίνων 310ἀκροτενὴς περίμετρος ἀνέδραμε κῶνος ὀμίχλης, δυομένης ζόφον ὑγρὸν ἄγων ἀντίσκιον Ἠοῦς, ἀστερόεν τότε δῶμα παρέστιχεν ἠέριος Ζεὺς εἰς Σεμέλης ὑμέναιον, ἀτεκμάρτῳ δὲ πεδίλῳ ἅλμα θορὼν πρώτιστον ὅλην παρεμέτρεε ταρσῷ 315ἀτραπὸν ἠερίην· τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ἵκετο Θήβην ὡς πτερὸν ἠὲ νόημα· διεσσυμένῳ δὲ μελάθρου αὐτόματοι πυλεῶνος ἀνωίχθησαν ὀχῆες. καὶ Σεμέλην φιλίῳ παλάμης ἠγκάσσατο δεσμῷ,

Zeus could hardly get back to his imperial heaven, thinking over his plans, having now resumed his divine shape once more. He resolved to mount Semele’s nightly couch, and turned his eye to the west, to see when sweet Hesperos would come. He blamed Phaethon that he should make the afternoon season long, and uttered an impatient appeal with […] to set : It is time now for you to lift your torch and lead Zeus to his love—come now, foreshow the illumination of night-ranging Lyaios ! Phaethon is jealous, he constrains me […] in love with Semele […] and grudges my desire ? Helios, you plague me, though you know the madness of love. Why do you […] the whip when you touch up your slow team […] know another nightfall that came very quickly. If I like, I will hide you and the daughter of the mists together in my clouds, and when you are covered Night will appear in the daytime, to speed the marriage of Zeus in haste ; the stars will shine at midday, and I will make rising Hesperos, instead of setting Hesperos, the regular […] of the loves. Come now, draw your own forerunner Phosphoros to his setting, and do grace to your desire and mine ; enjoy your Clymene all night long, and let me go quick to Semele. Yoke your own car, I pray, […] send forth your rays which make the trees and plants to grow, because this marriage foretells the birth of plant-cherishing Dionysos ; rise over the lovely roof of Semele, give light to my desire with the star of the Cyprian, make long the sweet darkness for the wooing of Zeus.” Such was the speech of Zeus, even such commands as desire knows. But when in answer to his eagerness, a huge cone of darkness sprang up from the earth and ran stretching into the heights, bringing a shadow of darkness opposite to setting Eon. Zeus passed along the starry dome of the […] to Semele’s bridal. Without leaving a trace of his footsteps, he traversed at his first bound the whole path of the air. With a second, like a wing or a thought he reached Thebes ; the bars of the […] door opened of themselves to let him through, and Semele was held fast in the loving bond of his arms.

319πῇ μὲν ὑπὲρ λεχέων βοέην μυκώμενος ἠχώ, 320ἀνδρομέοις μελέεσσιν ἔχων κερόεσσαν ὀπωπήν, ἰσοφυὲς μίμημα βοοκραίρου Διονύσου, πῇ δὲ λεοντείην πυκινότριχα δύσατο μορφήν, ἄλλοτε πόρδαλις ἦεν, ἅτε θρασὺν υἷα φυτεύων, πορδαλίων ἐλατῆρα καὶ ἡνιοχῆα λεόντων· 325ἄλλοτε μιτρωθεῖσαν ὑπὸ σπείρῃσι δρακόντων νυμφίος ἀμπελόεντι κόμην ἐσφίγγετο δεσμῷ, οἴνοπα δινεύων ἑλικώδεα κισσὸν ἐθείρης, Βάκχου πλεκτὸν ἄγαλμα· δράκων δέ τις ἀγκύλος ἕρπων ταρβαλέης λιχμᾶτο ῥοδόχροον αὐχένα νύμφης

Now he leaned over the bed, with a horned head on human limbs, lowing with the voice of a bull, the very likeness of bullhorned Dionysos. Again he put on shaggy lion’s form ; or he was a panther, as one who begets a bold son, driver of panthers and charioteer of lions. Again, as a young bridegroom he bound his hair with coiling snakes and vine-leaves intertwined, and twisted purple ivy about his locks, the plaited armament of Bacchos. A writhing serpent crawled over the trembling bride and licked her rosy neck with gentle lips, then slipping into her bosom

330χείλεσι μειλιχίοισι, κατὰ στέρνοιο δὲ βαίνων ἀκλινέων τροχόεσσαν ἴτυν μιτρώσατο μαζῶν, συρίζων ὑμέναιον, ἐυσμήνοιο μελίσσης ἡδὺ μέλι προχέων, οὐ λοίγιον ἰὸν ἐχίδνης. Ζεὺς δὲ γάμῳ δήθυνε, καὶ ὡς παρὰ γείτονι ληνῷ 335εὔιον ἐσμαράγησε, φιλεύιον υἷα φυτεύων· καὶ στόματι στόμα πῆξεν ἐρωμανές, ἱμερόεν δὲ νέκταρ ἀναβλύζων Σεμέλην ἐμέθυσσεν ἀκοίτης, νεκταρέης ἵνα παῖδα τέκῃ σκηπτοῦχον ὀπώρης, ἄγγελον ἐσσομένων λαθικηδέα βότρυν ἀείρων, 340πυρσοφόρῳ νάρθηκι καταχθέα πῆχυν ἐρείσας· ἄλλοτε θύρσον ἄειρε πολύπλοκον οἴνοπι κισσῷ, δέρμα φέρων ἐλάφοιο· γυναιμανέος δὲ φορῆος λαιῷ ποικιλόνωτος ἐσείετο νεβρὶς ἀγοστῷ.

the circuit of her firm breasts, hissing a wedding tune, and sprinkled her with sweet honey of the swarming bees instead of the viper’s deadly poison. Zeus made long wooing, and shouted Euoi as if the winepress were near, as he begat his son who would love the […]. He pressed love-mad mouth to mouth, and beaded up delicious nectar, an intoxicating bedfellow for Semele, that she might bring forth a son to hold the sceptre of nectareal vintage. As a presage of things to come, he lifted the care-forgetting grapes resting his laden arm on the fire-bringing fennel; or again, he lifted a thyrsus twined about with purple ivy, wearing a deerskin on his back—the lovesick wearer the dappled fawn-skin with his left arm.

344γαῖα δὲ πᾶσα γέλασσε, καὶ αὐτοφύτοισι πετήλοις 345ὄρχατος ἀμπελόεις Σεμέλης περιδέδρομεν εὐνήν, καὶ δροσεροῦ λειμῶνος ἀνέβρυον ἄνθεα τοῖχοι ἀμφὶ γονῇ Βρομίοιο, καὶ ἀννεφέλων ἐπὶ λέκτρων βρονταίοις πατάγοισιν ἐπέκτυπεν ἐνδόμυχος Ζεὺς τύμπανα νυκτελίοιο προθεσπίζων Διονύσου. 350καὶ Σεμέλην μετὰ λέκτρα φίλῳ προσπτύξατο μύθῳ ἐλπίσιν ἐσσομένῃσι παρηγορέων ἕο νύμφην·

All the earth laughed ; a viny growth with self-sprouting leaves ran round Semele’s bed ; the walls budded with flowers like a dewy meadow, at the begetting of Bromios; Zeus lurking inside rattled his thunderclaps over the unclouded bed, foretelling the drums of Dionysos in the night. And after the bed, he saluted Semele with loving words, consoling his bride with hopes of things to come :

352Εἰμί, γύναι, Κρονίδης σέο νυμφίος· αἰθερίῳ μὲν αὐχένα γαῦρον ἄειρε συναπτομένη παρακοίτῃ, μείζονα δὲ βροτέης μὴ δίζεο μέτρα γενέθλης. 355οὔ σοι ἐριδμαίνει Δανάης γάμος· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῆς πατροκασιγνήτης βοέων ὑμέναιον Ἐρώτων ἔκρυφες· Εὐρώπη γὰρ ἀγαλλομένη Διὸς εὐνῇ ἤλυθεν εἰς Κρήτην, Σεμέλη δʼ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἱκάνει. τί πλέον ἤθελες ἄλλο μετʼ αἰθέρα καὶ πόλον ἄστρων; 360καί ποτέ τις λέξειεν, ὅτι Κρονίδης πόρε τιμὴν νερτερίῳ Μίνωι καὶ οὐρανίῳ Διονύσῳ. ἀλλὰ μετʼ Αὐτονόης βροτὸν υἱέα καὶ τόκον Ἰνοῦς, τὸν μὲν ἑοῖς σκυλάκεσσι δεδουπότα, τὸν δὲ τοκῆος παιδοφόνου μέλλοντα θανεῖν πτερόεντι βελέμνῳ, 365καὶ μετὰ λυσσαλέης μινυώριον υἱὸν Ἀγαύης ἄφθιτον υἷα λόχευε, καὶ ἀθανάτην σε καλέσσω· ὀλβίη, ὅττι θεοῖσι καὶ ἀνδράσι χάρμα λοχεύσεις υἱέα κυσαμένη βροτέης ἐπίληθον ἀνίης.

My wife, your bridegroom am Cronides. Lift up your neck in pride at this union with a heavenly bedfellow ; and look not among mankind : for any child higher than yours. Danae’s wedding does not rival you. You have thrown into the shade even the union of your father’s sister with her Bull ; for Europa glorified by Zeus’s bed went to Crete, Semele goes to Olympos. What more do you : want after heaven and the starry sky ? People will say in the future, Zeus gave honour to Minos in the underworld, and to Dionysos in the heavens! Then after Autonoe’s mortal son and Ino’s child—one downed by his dogs, one to be killed by a son-slaying father’s winged arrow—after the short-lived son of mad Agaue, you bring forth a son who shall not die, and you I will call immortal. Happy woman, you have conceived a son who will make mortals forget their troubles, you shall bring forth joy for gods and men.”

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English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Dionysiaca 7.255–368: Zeus woos Semele | Nonnus of Panopolis