Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 7.0–66: Book 7: Time begs Zeus to relieve mankind

The earth is peopled again after the flood, but human life is full of sorrow, and Time shows mankind's troubles to Zeus. Time kneels before him, says he is weary of pitying mortals, and offers to give up the rudder of the years. He complains that old age, early death and joyless weddings have no cure, and that neither Pandora's jar nor Prometheus's fire has helped.

Lines 7.0–66 · 676 words · click a number to copy its link
0ἕβδομον ἱκεσίην πολιὴν Αἰῶνος ἀείδει καὶ Σεμέλην καὶ ἔρωτα Διὸς καὶ φώριον εὐνήν.

The seventh sings of the hoary […] of Time, and Semele, and the love of Zeus, and the furtive bed.

1ἤδη δʼ ἀενάοιο βίου παλιναυξέι καρπῷ ἄρσενα θηλυτέρῃ γόνιμον σπόρον αὔλακι μίξας ἄσπορον ἤροσε κόσμον Ἔρως, φιλότητος ἀροτρεύς· καὶ φύσις ἐρρίζωτο, τιθηνήτειρα γενέθλης, 5καὶ χθονὶ πῦρ κεράσασα καὶ ἠέρι σύμπλοκον ὕδωρ ἀνδρομέην μόρφωσε γονὴν τετράζυγι δεσμῷ. ἀλλὰ βίον μερόπων ἑτερότροπος εἶχεν ἀνίη ἀρχόμενον καμάτοιο καὶ οὐ λήγοντα μερίμνης. καὶ Διὶ παμμεδέοντι δυηπαθέων γένος ἀνδρῶν 10ἄμμορον εὐφροσύνης ἐπεδείκνυε σύντροφος Αἰών· οὔ πω γὰρ τοκετοῖο λεχώια νήματα λύσας Βάκχον ἀνηκόντιζε πατὴρ ἐγκύμονι μηρῷ, ἀνδρομέης ἄμπαυμα μεληδόνος· οὐ τότε λοιβὴ ἠερίους ἐμέθυσσε πόρους εὐώδεϊ καπνῷ 15οἰνοβαφής, στεφάνους δὲ θεῶν λειμωνίδι ποίῃ θυγατέρες λυκάβαντος ἀτερπέες ἔπλεκον Ὧραι· οἴνου γὰρ χρέος ἦεν· ἀβακχεύτου δὲ χορείης ἡμιτελὴς ἀνόνητος ἔην χάρις· ἀγρομένων γὰρ ὄμματα μοῦνον ἔθελγεν, ὅτε στροφάδεσσιν ἐρωαῖς 20ὀρχηστὴρ πολύκυκλος ἑλίσσετο λαίλαπι ταρσῶν, νεύματα μῦθον ἔχων, παλάμην στόμα, δάκτυλα φωνήν.

Already Eros, love’s ploughman, had ploughed the seedless world, and mixed the man’s seed of generation in the woman’s furrow, with the fruit of overflowing life again renewed. Nature the nurse of the offspring took root again ; earth mingling with fire and water interwoven with air shaped the human race with its fourfold bonds. But sorrow in many forms […] the life of men, which begins with […] the end of care : and Time his everlasting companion showed to Zeus Almighty mankind, afflicted with suffering and having portion in happiness of heart. For the Father had not yet cut the threads of childbirth and shot forth Bacchos from his pregnant thigh, to give mankind rest from their tribulations ; not yet did the libation of wine soak the pathways of the air and make them drunken with sweet-smelling exhalations. The Seasons, those daughters of the […] still joyless, plaited garlands for the gods only of meadow-grass. For Wine was lacking. Without Bacchos to inspire the dance, its grace was only half complete and quite without profit ; it charmed only the eyes of the company, when the circling dancer moved in twists and turns with a tumult of footsteps, having only nods for words, hand for mouth, fingers for voice.

22ἀλλὰ Διὸς πετάσας ἐπὶ γούνασι λευκάδα χαίτην αἰὼν ποικιλόμορφος, ἔχων κληῖδα γενέθλης, ἱκεσίης ὀρέγων κεχαλασμένον ὁλκὸν ὑπήνης, 25εἶχε λιτάς· δαπέδῳ δὲ καθελκομένοιο καρήνου ἐκταδίην ἔθλιψε ῥάχιν κυρτούμενος αὐχήν· καὶ ποδὸς ὀκλάζοντος ἀτέρμονα χεῖρα τιταίνων ἀενάου βιότοιο γέρων ἐφθέγξατο ποιμήν· Ζεῦ ἄνα, καὶ σὺ δόκευε κατηφέος ἄλγεα κόσμου. 30οὐχ ὁράᾳς, ὅτι γαῖαν ὅλην οἴστρησεν Ἐνυὼ ὥριον ἀμώουσα ταχυφθιμένης στάχυν ἥβης; οὔ πω λείψανα κεῖνα παρήλυθεν, ἐξ ὅτε φωτῶν ἔκλυσας ἔθνεα πάντα, καὶ ἠερίου ῥόος ὄμβρου ἠέρα κυμαίνων ἐπεπάφλασε γείτονι Μήνῃ. 35χαιρέτω ὠκυμόρων μερόπων βίος, ὧν ἐπὶ πότμῳ οὐρανίους οἴηκας ἀναίνομαι οὐκέτι κόσμου πεῖσμα κυβερνήσω· μακάρων δέ τις ἄλλος ἀρείων πηδάλιον βιότοιο παλιννόστοιο δεχέσθω· ἄλλος ἐμῶν ἐτέων ἐχέτω δρόμον· αἰνοπαθὲς γὰρ 40οἰκτείρων ἐμόγησα πολυτλήτων γένος ἀνδρῶν. ἄρκιον οὐ πέλε γῆρας, ὅ περ νεότητα μαραίνει καὶ βραδὺν ἄνδρα τίθησι κάτω νεύοντι καρήνῳ, κυφὸς ὅτε τρομερῇσι περισσοπόδεσσι πορείαις γηροκόμῳ βαρύγουνος ἐρείδεται ἠθάδι βάκτρῳ· 45ἄρκιος οὐ πέλε πότμος, ὃς ἔκρυφε πολλάκι Λήθῃ νυμφίον ἀρτιχόρευτον ὁμόστολον ἥλικι νύμφῃ, συζυγίης ἀλύτοιο φερέσβια πείσματα λύσας. οἶδα μέν, ὡς ἐρόεις πέλεται γάμος, ἧχι λιγαίνει Πανιάδος σύριγγος ὁμόθροος αὐλὸς Ἀθήνης· 50ἔμπης, ποῖον ὄνειαρ, ὅτε ζυγίῳ παρὰ παστῷ ἑπτατόνου φόρμιγγος ἀράσσεται ὄρθιος ἠχώ; πηκτίδες οὐ λύουσι μεληδόνας· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς νυμφιδίην ἀχόρευτος Ἔρως ἀπεσείσατο πεύκην

Then Time the maniform, holding the key of […], spread his white shock of hair over the knees of Zeus, let fall the flowing mass of his beard in supplication, and made his prayer, bowing his head to the ground, bending his neck, straining the whole length of his back: and as he knelt, the ancient of days, the shepherd of life ever-flowing, reached out his infinite hand and spoke : Lord Zeus, behold yourself the sorrows of a despairing world ! Do you not see that Enyo has the whole earth mad, mowing season by season her harvest of quick-perishing youth? We can yet see traces of that deluge which you brought upon all nations, when the streams of airy floods billowed in the air and boiled against the neighbouring Moon. Farewell to the life of men, since they perish so soon. I renounce the divine helm at their fate, I will no longer handle the world’s cable. Let some other of the Blessed, one better than I am, receive the rudder of life ever renewed ; let another have the course of my years—for I am weary of pitying the luckless race of suffering mankind. Is not old age enough, which blights youth, and makes a man go slow with bowed head, when bent and trembling he goes on his way with a foot too many, heavy of knee and leaning upon a staff, the faithful servant of age! Is not fate enough, who often hides in Lethe the bridegroom, companion of an agemate bride lately wed, and breaks the life-bringing cables of a union that cannot be broken. I know how delightful a marriage is when Athena’s hoboy sounds along with the panspipes : nevertheless, what boots it, when the loud sound of the seven-chord harp is heard twanging near the bridal chamber? Lutes cannot comfort a heavy heart: but Eros himself stops the dance and throws away the bridal torch, if he sees a wedding without joy.

54τερπωλῆς χατέοντας ὀπιπεύων ὑμεναίους. 55ἀλλὰ πολυκμήτων μερόπων ἐπίληθον ἀνίης φάρμακον ἐρρίζωτο βιοσσόον· οὐράνιον γὰρ οὐκ ὄφελέν ποτε κεῖνο πίθου κρήδεμνον ἀνοῖξαι ἀνδράσι Πανδώρη γλυκερὸν κακόν. ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνδρομέης κακότητος ἐπαίτιός ἐστι Προμηθεύς, 60ὃς μογερῶν μερόπων ἐπικήδεται· ἀρχεκάκου γὰρ ἀντὶ πυρὸς γλυκὺ νέκταρ, ὅ περ μακάρων φρένα τέρπει, κλέψαι μᾶλλον ὄφελλε καὶ ἀνδράσι δῶρον ὀπάσσαι, ὄφρα τεῷ σκεδάσειε ποτῷ μελεδήματα κόσμου. ἀλλὰ λιπὼν βιότοιο πολυφλοίσβοιο μερίμνας 65σὰς τελετὰς σκοπίαζε κατηφέας· ἦ ῥά σε θέλγει ἀσπόνδων θυέων ἀνεμώλιος ἀτμὸς ἀλήτης;

[…] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] (some may say) a medicine has been planted to make long-suffering mortals forget their troubles, to save their lives—would that Pandora had never opened the heavenly cover of that jar—she the sweet bane of mankind. Nay, Prometheus himself is the cause of man’s misery—Prometheus who cares for poor mortals. Instead of fire which the beginning of all evil he ought rather to have stolen sweet nectar, which rejoices the heart of the gods, and given that to men, that he might have scattered the sorrows of the world with your own drink. But never mind the cares of tempest-tossed life, just consider your own ceremonials brought to sadness. Are you pleased at the empty vapour of the burnt-offering that strays without libation ?

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.