Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 5.0–121: Book 5: Cadmos founds Thebes and its seven gates

Cadmos sacrifices the cow to Athena, fights the neighbouring peoples and lays out the city of Thebes with seven gates named for the seven planets. Harmonia's wedding is celebrated with dances, music and the gods' attendance, and Zeus sits at the same table as Cadmos.

Lines 5.0–121 · 1157 words · click a number to copy its link
0πέμπτον ἔτι σκοπίαζε καὶ Ἀκταίωνα νοήσεις, τὸν κεμὰς οὐκ ὤδινε, κυνοσπάδα νεβρὸν ἀλήτην.

Look into the fifth next, and you will see Actaion also, whom no pricket brought forth, torn by dogs as a fleeing fawn.

1ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πολέμων ὀφιώδεα λήια κείρων Κάδμος ὀδοντοφύτων καλάμην ἤμησε Γιγάντων, σπένδων λύθρον Ἄρηι θαλύσια δηιοτῆτος, φαιδρύνας ἑὰ γυῖα δρακοντοβότῳ παρὰ Δίρκῃ 5Δελφίδα βοῦν ἱέρευσε θεοδμήτων ἐπὶ βωμῶν, Παλλάδι καλὸν ἄγαλμα. καταρχομένῳ δὲ θυηλὰς δίζυγες ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα περιρραίνοντο κεραῖαι οὐλοχύταις· ὁ δὲ γυμνὸν ἑλὼν παρὰ γείτονι μηρῷ φάσγανον Ἀσσυρίοιο παρήορον ἐκ τελαμῶνος 10ἀκροτάτην τρίχα τάμνε τανυρρίνοιο καρήνου ἄορι κωπήεντι· Θεοκλύμενος δὲ κεραίης δραξάμενος μόσχοιο παλίντονον εἴρυσε δειρήν, αὐχενίους δὲ τένοντας ἀπηλοίησε Θυέστης ἀμφιτόμῳ βουπλῆγι, καὶ αἱμαλέῳ βοὸς ὁλκῷ 15λάινος Ὀγκαίης ἐρυθαίνετο βωμὸς Ἀθήνης, καὶ βοέου κερόεντος ἀρασσομένοιο μετώπου πρηνὴς μόσχος ἔπιπτε· δαϊζομένης δὲ σιδήρῳ πλευρὰ διατμήξαντες ἐμιστύλαντο μαχαίρῃ, καὶ βοέην τρηχεῖαν ἐγυμνώσαντο καλύπτρην

As soon as Cadmos had reaped the snaky crop of tooth-planted battles, and shorn the stubble of the giants, pouring the blood-libation to Ares as the firstling feast of harvest-slaughter, he cleansed his body in dragon-breeding Dirce, and sacrificed the Delphian cow on the godbuilt altar as a fair offering for Pallas. As the first rite in the sacrifice, he sprinkled the two horns on both sides with barley-grains ; he drew out and bared the falchion knife which hung at his thigh alongside by an Assyrian strap, and cut the top hairs of the longhorned head with the hilted blade. Theoclymenos grasped the heifer’s horn and drew back the throat, Thyestes cut through the sinews of the neck with a double-edged axe; the stone altar of Athena Onca was reddened with the smear of the creature’s blood. Then the cow’s horned front was struck, and prone the creature fell. They brittled her with the steel, they cut through the sides and carved her up with the knife, they stript the hard covering of hide and stretched it out.

20ἐκταδίην· ὁ δὲ φαιδρὸν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φᾶρος ἑλίξας αὐτὸς ἄναξ πεπόνητο, καὶ εὐφυέων κρέα μηρῶν ὠμὰ διατμήξας ἐκαλύψατο δίζυγι δημῷ μιστύλλων κατὰ βαιόν, ἐπʼ ἀνθρακιῇ δὲ τανύσσας σπλάγχνα σιδηρείοισι πεπαρμένα μακρὰ κορύμβοις 25εἴρυσεν, ὀπτήσας ἁπαλῷ πυρί· μεσσοπαγῆ δὲ ἀκροπόρῳ στοιχηδὸν ἄγων τετορημένα χαλκῷ ἀνθοκόμου κατέθηκε χαμαιζήλοιο τραπέζης δαιτρός, ἐπασσυτέρους ὀβελοὺς ζείοντας ἀείρας. καὶ θυόεις ἐλέλικτο διʼ ἠέρος ἀτμὸς ἀλήτης 30Ἀσσυρίης λιβάνοιο. τελειομένης δὲ θυηλῆς δεῖπνον ἔην, καὶ Κάδμος ἑλὼν ἐπένειμεν ἑκάστῳ κεκριμένης ὀρέγων ἰσοελκέα μοῖραν ἐδωδῆς. δαιτυμόνων δὲ φάλαγγες ἐπʼ εὐκύκλοιο τραπέζης εἰλαπίνης ἀπέθεντο πόθον κεκορηότι θυμῷ. 35οὐδὲ δρακοντοφόνῳ καμάτων τέλος ἔπλετο Κάδμῳ, ἀλλὰ μεθʼ ἑρπηστῆρα, μετʼ ἄγρια φῦλα Γιγάντων, Ἐκτήνων προμάχοισι καὶ Ἄονι μάρνατο λαῷ βάρβαρον ἀμώων στάχυν Ἄρεος, ἀγχιπόροις δὲ ἔχραε Τεμμίκεσσι· καλεσσαμένῳ δὲ μαχητὰς 40ποικίλος ἑσμὸς ἵκανε περικτιόνων ἐπικούρων. καὶ διδύμαις στρατιῇσιν Ἔρις ξύνωσεν Ἐνυῷ φύλοπιν ὠδίνουσα· συνερχομένων δὲ κυδοιμῷ τόξον ἐκυκλώθη, δόρυ πάλλετο, σείετο πήληξ, καὶ βέλος ἐρροίζησεν, ἐπʼ ὀμφαλόεντι δὲ κύκλῳ 45βαλλομένη μυλόεντι λίθῳ σμαράγησε βοείη. καὶ κταμένων ῥέεν αἷμα· πολὺς δʼ ἐπὶ φορβάδι γαίῃ ἡμιθανὴς προκάρηνος ἀνὴρ κεκύλιστο κονίῃ. καὶ στρατὸς ἀντιβίων ἱκέτης ἐκλίνετο Κάδμῳ· λῦτο δʼ ἀγών. φονίην δὲ μετὰ στροφάλιγγα κυδοιμοῦ 50Κάδμος ἀπυργώτοιο θεμείλια πήγνυε Θήβης.

The prince himself was busy, after folding his bright mantle and laying it on the ground. He cut out raw slices of the sturdy thighs, chopt them small and set them between two layers of fat; he pierced the long tripes with iron spits and stretched them over the embers, grilling them with gentle heat : then he brought them, pierced on the pointed bronze, and lifting the glowing spits one by one, laid them in a row on the grass amid the flowers —steward of a lowly table! The fragrant smoke of Assyrian incense scattered curling through the air. The sacrifice ended, there was a feast : and Cadmos took and held out and served to each an equal portion of choice food. The rows of banqueters at the round - table soon had enough and wanted no more. The dragon’s death was not the end of the labours of Cadmos : but after the Serpent, and after the savage tribes of giants, he fought the champions of the Fetenes and the Aonian people, reaping a barbarian harvest of Ares, and fell on the neighbouring Temmicans: when he called for soldiers, a motley swarm of neighbours came to his help. To both armies alike Strife joined Enyo and brought forth Tumult : when they met in battle bows were bent, spears hurtled, helmets shook, shots whizzed, oxhides “rattled struck on the bossy round with chunks like millstones. The blood of the fallen ran in streams many a man fell headlong half-dead on the fruitful earth, and rolled in the dust. Then the army of his adversaries bowed supplant before Cadmos, and the conflict ceased. After the bloody whirl of battle Cadmos laid the foundation of Thebes yet unfortified.

51πολλαὶ δʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα μεριζομένων κενεώνων αὔλακες ἐτμήγοντο, πολυσχιδέων δὲ κελεύθων ἕδρανα καρχαρόδοντι βοῶν κεχάρακτο σιδήρῳ· πολλαὶ δʼ ἀντιπόρων ἀνέμων τετράζυγι κόσμῳ 55ἔμμοροι ἐν χόρτοισιν ἐμετρήθησαν ἀγυιαί. καὶ πόλις Ἀονίη Τυρίης ποικίλλετο τέχνης κάλλεϊ λαϊνέῳ· καὶ ἐποίπνυεν ἄλλος ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ γειοτόμῳ γλωχῖνι ταμὼν ἑτερόχροα πέτρην ἐργατίνης Βοιωτὸν ὑπὸ κλέτας, ἣν παρὰ λόχμῃ 60Τευμησσοῦ δρυόεντος ἐμαιώσαντο κολῶναι, ἣν Ἑλικὼν βλάστησε καὶ ἣν ὤδινε Κιθαιρών. καὶ νηοὺς ἐτέλεσσε θεῶν καὶ δώματα φωτῶν τορνώσας κανόνεσσιν· ἐπʼ ἀρρήκτοις δὲ δομαίοις ἑπταπόρῳ πυλεῶνι περίδρομον ἄστυ χαράξας 65οὐρανὸν ἑπτάζωνον ἑῇ μιμήσατο τέχνῃ, ἐσσόμενον ναέταις Ἀμφίονι τεῖχος ἐάσας πυργοδόμῳ κιθάρῃ πεφυλαγμένον. οὐρανίοις δὲ ἑπτὰ πύλας ἀνέθηκεν ἰσηρίθμοισιν ἀλήταις

He divided the spaces, and many furrows were cut this way and that, the beds of many branching roads were cut by the sharp-toothed iron of the oxplow; many streets were measured at right angles to the four opposing winds to take their share of the grasslands. Then the Aonian city was embellished with the stony beauty of Tyrian art : all were busy, one workman with another, cutting under the Boiotian slopes with earth-leaving pick the variegated rock, which the hills near the thick forest of tree-clad Teumessos brought forth, which Helicon grew and Cithairon brought to birth. He completed temples for the gods and houses for the people, planning with his builder’s rules. He scored the shape of a city surrounded by walls upon impregnable foundation-stones, with seven entries, imitating in his art heaven with its seven zones, but he left the walls for Amphion to build for the future inhabitants, and to protect, with tower-building harp,

69ἰσοτύπους· πρῶτον μὲν ἐς ἑσπέριον κλίμα πήξας 70Ὀγκαίην ἐπένειμε πύλην γλαυκώπιδι Μήνῃ ἐκ βοὸς ὀγκηθμοῖο φερώνυμον, ὅττι καὶ αὐτὴ ταυροφυὴς κερόεσσα βοῶν ἐλάτειρα Σελήνη τριπλόον εἶδος ἔχουσα πέλει Τριτωνὶς Ἀθήνη· δεύτερον Ἑρμάωνι διαυγέι γείτονι Μήνης 75δῶκε γέρας πυλεῶνα· διαγράψας δὲ τετάρτην Ἠλέκτρην Φαέθοντος ἐπώνυμον, ὅττι φανέντος σύγχροος Ἠλέκτρης ἀμαρύσσεται ὄρθριος αἴγλη, ἠελίῳ πυρόεντι πύλην ἀντώπιον Ἠοῦς μεσσατίην ἀνέθηκεν, ἐπεὶ μέσος ἐστὶ πλανήτων· 80πέμπτην δʼ Ἄρεϊ δῶκε, πόρε τριτάτην Ἀφροδίτῃ, ἀμφοτέρων ἑκάτερθεν ὅπως Φαέθων μέσος εἴη, γείτονα θοῦρον Ἄρηα διατμήγων Ἀφροδίτης· ἕκτην Ζηνὸς ἄγαλμα φαεινοτέρῳ κάμε κόσμῳ ὑψιφανῆ· πυμάτην δὲ Κρόνου λάχεν ἕβδομος ἀστήρ. 85τοῖον ἕδος ποίησε· καὶ ἱερὸν ἄστυ πολίσσας

He dedicated the seven gates, equal in number to the seven planets. First towards the western clime he allotted the Oncaian Gate to Mene Brighteyes, taking the name from the honk of cattle, because the Moon herself, bullshaped, horned, driver of cattle, being triform is Tritonis Athene. The second gate he gave in honour to Hermaon the shining neighbour of Mene. The fourth he traced out and named for Electra Phaethon’s daughter, because when he appears, Electra’s morning gleam sparkles with like colour; and the midmost gate opposite the Dawn he dedicated to fiery Helios, since he is in the middle of the planets. The fifth he gave to Ares, the third to Aphrodite, in order that Phaethon might be between them both on either side, and cut off his neighbour the furious Ares from Aphrodite. The sixth he made an image of Zeus, shining high with more glorious craftsmanship. The last fell to the lot of Cronos the seventh planet.

86Αἰγυπτίης ἐκάλεσσεν ὁμώνυμον ἄστεϊ Θήβης, ποικίλον ἀσκήσας χθόνιον τύπον, ἶσον Ὀλύμπῳ. Ἀονίων δὲ θύγατρες ἀνεκρούσαντο χορείαις Ἁρμονίης ὑμέναιον· ἐπʼ εὐθαλάμῳ δὲ μελάθρῳ 90Θρηικίης φθέγξαντο χορίτιδες οὔνομα νύμφης. καὶ Παφίη νεότευκτον ἐκόσμεε παστάδα Κάδμῳ παιδὸς ἑῆς μέλπουσα θεοκλήτους ὑμεναίους μήτηρ ἱμερόεσσα· πατὴρ δʼ ὑπὸ χάρματι κούρης γυμνὸς ἄτερ σακέων ὠρχήσατο μείλιχος Ἄρης 95δεξιτερὴν ἀσίδηρον ἐπικλίνων Ἀφροδίτῃ, καὶ γαμίῃ σάλπιγγι μελίζετο θυμὸν Ἐρώτων ἀντίτυπον σύριγγι, σιδηροφόρου δὲ καρήνου ἠθάδας εὐπολέμοιο λόφους ἀπεσείσατο χαίτης, μιτρώσας πλοκαμῖδας ἀναιμάκτοισι κορύμβοις, 100πλέξας κῶμον Ἔρωτι· σὺν ἀθανάτοις δὲ χορεύων εἰς γάμον Ἁρμονίης Ἰσμήνιος ἦλθεν Ἀπόλλων ἑπτατόνῳ κιθάρῃ φιλοτήσιον ὕμνον ἀράσσων· καὶ μέλος ἐκρούσαντο βιοσσόον ἐννέα Μοῦσαι, καὶ παλάμας ἐλέλιζε Πολύμνια, μαῖα χορείης, 105μιμηλὴν δʼ ἐχάραξεν ἀναυδέος εἰκόνα φωνῆς, φθεγγομένη παλάμῃσι σοφὸν τύπον ἔμφρονι σιγῇ, ὄμματα δινεύουσα· πολυστρέπτῳ δὲ πεδίλῳ, Ζηνὶ χαριζομένη, θαλαμηπόλος ἵστατο Νίκη, Κάδμον ἀνευάζουσα, Διὸς πρόμον, ἀμφὶ δὲ παστῷ 110παρθενίοις στομάτεσσι γαμήλιον ἔπλεκε μολπήν, καὶ ποδὸς ἴχνος ἕλισσεν, ἐπʼ εὐκύκλῳ δὲ χορείῃ αἰδομένη πτερὰ πάλλε παρὰ πτερύγεσσιν Ἐρώτων.

Such he made this seat ; and having founded the sacred city, he called it by the name of Thebes in Egypt, decking out an earthly image like to Olympos with all its adornments. The daughters of the Aonians struck up Harmonia’s marriage-hymn with dances the dancing girls sang the name of the Thracian bride, in that place and its fine bridal chamber. The Paphian also, lovely mother, decorated her daughter’s newbuilt bower for Cadmos, while she sang of the god-ordained marriage ; her father danced with joy for his girl, bare and stript of his armour, a tame Ares and laid his right arm unweaponed about Aphrodite, while he sounded the spirit of the Loves on his wedding- trumpet answering the panspipes: he had shaken “off from his helmet head the plumes of horsehair so familiar in the battlefield, and wreathed bloodless garlands about his hair, weaving a merry song for Love. Dancing with the immortals came Ismenian Apollo to Harmonia’s wedding, while he twangled a hymn of love on his seven-string. The nine Muses too struck up a life-stirring melody : Polymnia nursing-mother of the dance waved her arms, and sketched in the air an image of a soundless voice, speaking with hands and moving eyes in a graphic picture of silence full of meaning. Victory turned a tripping foot for the pleasure of Zeus, and stood by as bridesmaid crying triumph for Cadmos the god’s champion; about the bride-bed she wove the wedding song with her virgin voice, and moved her gliding steps in the pretty circles of the dance, while she fluttered her wings, shamefast beside the wings of the Loves.

113ἐκ δὲ πολυσπερέων δαΐδων ὁμοφεγγέος αἴγλης ἑσπερίης ἀνέτελλε φάος ψευδήμονος Ἠοῦς. 115καὶ λιγυροῖς στομάτεσσι φιλοσκάρθμῳ παρὰ παστῷ πάννυχος ἔπλετο κῶμος ἀκοιμήτοιο χορείης μελπομένων· σπεύδων γὰρ ἐς ἀγρύπνους ὑμεναίους . . . ἠθάδα ῥάβδον ἔλειπεν, ἐπεὶ ταμίη πέλεν ὕπνου. καὶ Θήβη χορὸς ἦεν Ὀλύμπιος· ἦν δὲ νοῆσαι 120Κάδμον ὁμοῦ καὶ Ζῆνα μιῆς ψαύοντα τραπέζης. καὶ γαμίοις θαλάμοισι φέρων νυμφοστόλον ὥρην

A light arose, like a misnamed dawn in the evening, from the splendour no less brilliant of those gleaming torches scattered everywhere. All night “long, the merry rout of untiring dancers were singing with clear voices beside the bridal chamber in happy romps ; since (Hermes) anxious for a sleepless wedding night had left his familiar wand behind, because that was the rationer of sleep. So Thebes was the Olympian dancing-place and one might see Cadmos and Zeus touching the same table !

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.