Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 2.475–630: Book 2: Zeus overwhelms Typhon; the mock epitaph

Zeus and Typhoeus fight on equal terms, with thunder and lightning against the Giant's many hands, and the four winds join in. His heads are scorched and frozen in turn, and his mother Earth begs Helios and the winter winds to ease him. Typhoeus falls, and Zeus mocks him with a speech about the throne he wanted and offers him an empty tomb and an epitaph.

Lines 2.475–630 · 1485 words · click a number to copy its link
475ξυνὴ δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἰσόρροπος ἦεν Ἐνυὼ καὶ Διὶ καὶ Τυφῶνι· πολυφλοίσβῳ δὲ βελέμνῳ αἰθέρος ὀρχηστῆρες ἐβακχεύοντο κεραυνοί. μάρνατο δὲ Κρονίδης κεκορυθμένος· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμῷ βροντὴν μὲν σάκος εἶχε, νέφος δέ οἱ ἔπλετο θώρηξ, 480καὶ στεροπὴν δόρυ πάλλε, Διιπετέες δὲ κεραυνοὶ ἠερόθεν πέμποντο πυριγλώχινες ὀιστοί· ἤδη γὰρ περίφοιτος ἀπὸ χθονίου κενεῶνος ξηρὸς ἀερσιπότητος ἀνέδραμεν ἀτμὸς ἀρούρης, καὶ νεφέλης ἔντοσθεν ἐελμένος αἴθοπι λαιμῷ 485πνίγετο θερμαίνων νέφος ἔγκυον· ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνῷ τριβομένων καναχηδὰ πυριτρεφέων νεφελάων θλιβομένη πεφόρητο δυσέκβατος ἐνδόμυχος φλὸξ διζομένη μέσον οἶμον, ἐπεὶ σέλας ὑψόθι βαίνειν οὐ θέμις· ἀστεροπὴν γὰρ ἀναθρῴσκουσαν ἐρύκει 490ὀμβρηρῇ ῥαθάμιγγι λελουμένος ἴκμιος ἀήρ, πυκνώσας νέφος ὑγρὸν ὑπέρτερον· ἀζαλέου δὲ νειόθεν οἰγομένοιο διέδραμεν ἁλλόμενον πῦρ. ὡς λίθος ἀμφὶ λίθῳ φλογερὴν ὠδῖνα λοχεύων λάινον ἠκόντιζε πολυθλιβὲς αὐτόγονον πῦρ, 495πυρσογενὴς ὅτε θῆλυς ἀράσσεται ἄρσενι πέτρῳ· οὕτω θλιβομένῃσιν ἀνάπτεται οὐρανίη φλὸξ λιγνύι καὶ νεφέλῃσιν· ἀπὸ χθονίοιο δὲ καπνοῦ λεπταλέου γεγαῶτος ἐμαιώθησαν ἀῆται. ἄλλην δʼ ἐξ ὑδάτων μετανάστιον ἀτμίδα γαίης 500ἠέλιος φλογερῇσι βολαῖς ἀντωπὸν ἀμέλγων τινθαλέῳ νοτέουσαν ἀνείρυσεν αἰθέρος ὁλκῷ· ἡ δὲ παχυνομένη νεφέων ὤδινε καλύπτρην, σεισαμένη δὲ πάχιστον ἀραιοτέρῳ δέμας ἀτμῷ, ἂψ ἀναλυσαμένη μαλακὸν νέφος εἰς χύσιν ὄμβρου, 505ὑδρηλὴν προτέρην μετεκίαθεν ἔμφυτον ὕλην. τοῖος ἔφυ φλογόεις νεφέων τύπος, οἷσι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἰσότυποι στεροπῇσι συνωδίνοντο κεραυνοί. Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ πολέμιζε· κατʼ ἀντιβίοιο δὲ πέμπων ἠθάδα πυρσὸν ἴαλλεν, ἀκοντιστῆρα λεόντων, 510βάλλων ποικιλόφωνον ἀμετρήτων στίχα λαιμῶν οὐρανίῳ πρηστῆρι· Διοβλήτου δὲ βελέμνου ἓν σέλας ἔφλεγε χεῖρας ἀπείρονας, ἓν σέλας ὤμους νηρίθμους ἀμάθυνε καὶ αἰόλα φῦλα δρακόντων, καὶ κεφαλὰς ἐδάιξαν ἀτέρμονας αἰθέρος αἰχμαί, 515καὶ πλοκάμους Τυφῶνος ἕλιξ ἀμάθυνε κομήτης ἀντιπόρῳ σπινθῆρι δασύτριχα πυρσὸν ἰάλλων, καὶ κεφαλαὶ σελάγιζον, ἀναπτομένων δὲ κομάων βόστρυχα συρίζοντα κατεσφρηγίσσατο σιγὴ οὐρανίῳ σπινθῆρι, μαραινομένων δὲ δρακόντων 520ἰοβόλοι ῥαθάμιγγες ἐτερσαίνοντο γενείων· μαρναμένου δὲ Γίγαντος ἐτεφρώθησαν ὀπωπαὶ καπνῷ λιγνυόεντι, νιφοβλήτων δὲ προσώπων χιονέαις λιβάδεσσιν ἐλευκαίνοντο παρειαί. καὶ πισύρων ἀνέμων τετράζυγον εἶχεν ἀνάγκην· 525εἰ γὰρ ἐς ἀντολίην σφαλερὰς ἐλέλιζεν ὀπωπάς, ὑσμίνην φλογόεσσαν ἐδέχνυτο γείτονος Εὔρου· εἰ κλίσιν ἐσκοπίαζε δυσήνεμον Ἀρκάδος Ἄρκτου, χειμερίου πρηστῆρος ἀθαλπέι βάλλετο πάχνῃ· φεύγων ψυχρὸν ἄημα νιφοβλήτοιο Βορῆος 530καὶ διερῷ δεδόνητο καὶ αἰθαλόεντι βελέμνῳ· καὶ δύσιν εἰσορόων βλοσυρῆς ἀντώπιον Ἠοῦς ἑσπερίην ἔφριξε θυελλήεσσαν Ἐνυώ, εἰαρινῆς ἀίων Ζεφυρηίδος ἦχον ἱμάσθλης· καὶ Νότος ἀμφὶ τένοντα μεσημβρινὸν Αἰγοκερῆος 535ἄντυγας ἠερίας ἐπεμάστιε, θερμὸς ἀήτης, φλογμὸν ἄγων Τυφῶνι πυραυγέι καύματος ἀτμῷ. εἰ πάλιν ὄμβρον ἔχευε κατάρρυτον ὑέτιος Ζεύς, λυσιπόνοις λιβάδεσσιν ὅλον χρόα λοῦσε Τυφωεὺς θερμὰ καταψύχων κεκαφηότα γυῖα κεραυνῷ. 540καὶ κραναοῖς βελέεσσι χαλαζαίου νιφετοῖο παιδὸς ἱμασσομένου τραφερὴ μαστίζετο μήτηρ· δερκομένη δὲ Γίγαντος ἐπὶ χροῒ μάρτυρα Μοίρης λάινα πηκτὰ βέλεμνα καὶ ὑδατόεσσαν ἀκωκὴν ἠέλιον Τιτῆνα κατηφέι λίσσετο φωνῇ, 545ἓν φάος αἰτίζουσα θερείτατον, ὄφρά κε πυρσῷ θερμοτέρῳ λύσειε Διὸς πετρούμενον ὕδωρ νιφομένῳ Τυφῶνι χέων ἐμφύλιον αἴγλην· καί οἱ ἱμασσομένῳ συνετήκετο· καιομένων δὲ ἠλιβάτων ὁρόωσα πυριστεφὲς ἔθνος ἀγοστῶν 550χειμερίην ἱκέτευε μολεῖν δυσπέμφελον αὔρην εἰς μίαν ἠριγένειαν, ἵνα ψυχροῖσιν ἀήταις διψαλέην Τυφῶνος ἀποσβέσσειεν ἀνάγκην. Ἰσοτύπου δὲ τάλαντα μάχης ἔκλινε Κρονίων.

Thus impartial Enyo held equal balance between the two sides, between Zeus and Typhon, while the thunderbolts with booming shots held revel like dancers of the sky. Cronides fought fully armed : in the fray, the thunder was his shield, the cloud his breastplate, he cast the lightning for a spear; Zeus let fly his thunderbolts from the air, his arrows barbed with fire, For already from the underground abyss a dry vapour. diffused around rose from the earth on high and compressed within the cloud was stifled In the fiery gullet, heating the pregnant cloud. For the lurking flame crushed within rushed about struggling to find a passage through; over the smoke the fire-breeding clouds rumble in their agony seeking the middle path; the fire dares not go upwards: for the lightning leaping up is kept back by the moist air bathed in rainy drops, which condenses the seething cloud above, but the lower part is parched and gapes and the fire runs through with a bound. As the female stone Is struck by the male stone, one stone on another brings flame to birth, while crushed and beaten it produces from itself a shower of sparks : so the heavenly fire vapour, drawn from the waters, which the sun shining full on them with fiery rays milks out and draws up dewy through the boiling track of air, This thickens and produces the cloudy veil ; then shaking the thick mass by means of the thinner vapour, it dissolves the fine cloud again into a fall of rain, and returns I to its natural condition of water. Such is the character of the fiery clouds, with their twin birth of lightnings and thunders together so Zeus the father fought on: raised and hurled his familiar fire against his adversary, piercing his loins, and sending a fiery whirlwind from heaven to strike the battalion of his innumerable necks with their babel of tongues, Zeus cast his bolt, and one blaze burnt the monster’s endless hands, one blaze consumed his numberless shoulders and the speckled tribes of his serpents; heaven’s blades cut off those countless heads ; a writhing comet met him front to front discharging a thick bush of sparks, and consumed the monster’s hair. Typhon’s heads were ablaze, the hair caught fire; with heaven’s sparks silence sealed the hissing tresses, the serpents shrivelled up, and in their throats the poison-spitting drops were dried. The Giant fought on: his eyes were burnt to ashes in the murky smoke, his cheeks were whitened with hoar-frost, his faces beaten with a shower of snow, He suffered the fourfold compulsion of the four winds. For if he turned flickering eyes to the sunrise, he received the fiery battle of neighbouring Euros. If he gazed towards the stormy clime of the Arcadian Bear, he was beaten by the chilly frost of wintry whirlwinds. If he shunned the cold blast of snow-beaten Boreas, he was shaken by the volleys of wet and hot together. If he looked to the sunset, opposite to the dawn of the grim east, he shivered before Enyo and her western tempests when he heard the noise of Zephyros cracking his Spring lash; and Notos, that hot wind, round about the southern foot of Capricorn flogged the aerial vaults, leading against Typhon a glowing blaze with steamy heat. If again Rainy Zeus poured down a watery torrent, Typhoeus bathed all his body in the troublesoothing showers, and refreshed his benumbed limbs after the stifling thunderbolts Now as the son was scourged with frozen volleys of jagged hailstones, his mother the dry Earth was beaten too; and seeing the stone bullets and embedded in the Giant’s flesh, the witness of fate, she prayed to Titan Helios with submissive : voice : she begged of him one red hot ray, that with, its heating fire she might melt the petrified water of Zeus, by pouring his kindred radiance over frozen Typhon. She herself melted along with his bruised, body ; and when she saw his legion of high-clambering hands burnt all round, she besought one of the tempestuous winter’s blasts to come for one morning, that he might quench Typhon’s overpowering thirst by his cool breezes,)

554χειρὶ δὲ δενδρήεσσαν ἀπορρίψασα καλύπτρην 555μήτηρ ἄχνυτο Γαῖα, Τυφαονίων κεφαλάων καπνὸν ὀπιπεύουσα· μαραινομένων δὲ προσώπων γηγενέος λύτο γοῦνα· προθεσπίζουσα δὲ νίκην βρονταίοις πατάγοισι Διὸς μυκήσατο σάλπιγξ· ἤριπε δʼ οὐρανίῳ μεθύων φλογόεντι βελέμνῳ, 560ὠτειλὴν ἀσίδηρον ἔχων πολέμοιο, Τυφωεὺς ὑψιτενής, καὶ νῶτα βαλὼν ἐπὶ μητέρι Γαίῃ κεῖτο, περιστορέσας ὀφιώδεα γυῖα κονίῃ, πυρσὸν ἀναβλύζων. Κρονίδης δʼ ἐρέθιζε γελάσσας, τοῖον ἔπος προχέων φιλοπαίγμονος ἀνθερεῶνος· 565Καλὸν ἀοσσητῆρα γέρων Κρόνος εὗρε, Τυφωεῦ·

Then Cronion inclined the equally balanced beam of the fight. But Earth his Mother had thrown off her veil of forests with her hand, and just then was grieving to behold Typhaon’s smoking heads. While his faces were shrivelling, the Giant’s knees gave way beneath him; the trumpet of Zeus brayed, foretelling victory with a roll of thunder; down fell Typhoeus’s high-uplifted frame, drunk with the fiery bolt from heaven, stricken with a war-wound of something more than steel, and lay with his back upon Earth his mother, stretching his snaky limbs in the dust and belching flame. Cronides laughed aloud, and taunted him like this in a flood of words from his mocking throat :

566χθὼν μόγις υἷα λόχευσε, μέγαν γόνον Ἰαπετοῖο· ἡδὺς ὁ Τιτήνων τιμήορος· ὡς ὁρόω δέ, ἀδρανέες γεγάασι τάχα Κρονίδαο κεραυνοί. δηθύνεις τέο μέχρις ἀνέμβατον αἰθέρα ναίειν, 570ψευδόμενε σκηπτοῦχε; μένει δέ σε θῶκος Ὀλύμπου· σκῆπτρα Διὸς καὶ πέπλα θεημάχε δέξο Τυφωεῦ Ἀστραῖον δὲ κόμισσον ἐς οὐρανόν· ἢν δʼ ἐθελήσῃς, αἰθέρι νοστήσειε καὶ Εὐρυνόμη καὶ Ὀφίων καὶ Κρόνος ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμόστολος· ἐρχομένῳ δὲ 575σὺν σοὶ ποικιλόνωτον ἐς ὑψιπόρων ἴτυν ἄστρων δεσμὰ φυγὼν δολόμητις ὁμαρτήσειε Προμηθεύς, ἥπατος ἡβώοντος ἀφειδέα δαιτυμονῆα οὐρανίης θρασὺν ὄρνιν ἔχων πομπῆα κελεύθου. τί πλέον ἤθελες ἄλλο μετὰ κλόνον ἠὲ νοῆσαι 580Ζῆνα καὶ ἐννοσίγαιον ὀπάονα σεῖο θοώκων; Ζῆνα μὲν ἀδρανέοντα καὶ οὐ σκηπτοῦχον Ὀλύμπου, βροντῆς καὶ νεφέων γυμνούμενον, ἀστεροπῆς δὲ ἀντὶ πυρὸς ζαθέοιο καὶ ἠθάδος ἀντὶ κεραυνοῦ δαλὸν ἀερτάζοντα Τυφαονίῳ παρὰ παστῷ, 585ληιδίης ἀλόχοιο τεῆς θαλαμηπόλον Ἥρης ὀφθαλμῷ κοτέοντι τεῶν ζηλήμονα λέκτρων· σύζυγα δʼ ἐννοσίγαιον ἀποζευχθέντα θαλάσσης ὑμετέρῃ μετὰ πόντον ὑποδρήσσοντα τραπέζῃ, διψάδι χειρὶ φέροντα τεὸν δέπας ἀντὶ τριαίνης. 590Ἄρεα λάτριν ἔχεις, θεράπων τεός ἐστιν Ἀπόλλων· πέμπε δὲ Τιτήνεσσι διάκτορον υἱέα Μαίης σὸν κράτος ἀγγέλλοντα καὶ οὐρανίην σέθεν αἴγλην· ἐργατίνην δʼ Ἥφαιστον ἐθήμονι κάλλιπε Λήμνῳ, ὄφρά κεν ἀσκήσειε νεοζεύκτῳ σέο νύμφῃ 595ποικίλον αὐχένος ὁρμὸν ἐύχροον ἤνοπι κόσμῳ, ἠὲ πεδοστιβέων ἀμαρύγματα φαιδρὰ πεδίλων, οἷσι τεὴ παράκοιτις ἀγάλλεται, ἠὲ τελέσσῃ χρυσοφαῆ θρόνον ἄλλον Ὀλύμπιον, ὄφρα γελάσσῃ κρείσσονα θῶκον ἔχουσα τεὴ χρυσόθρονος Ἥρη· 600καὶ χθονίους Κύκλωπας ἔχων ναετῆρας Ὀλύμπου τεῦξον ἀρειοτέροιο νέον σπινθῆρα κεραυνοῦ. ἀλλὰ δόλῳ θέλξαντα τεὸν νόον ἐλπίδι νίκης χρυσῷ δῆσον Ἔρωτα μετὰ χρυσῆς Ἀφροδίτης· χαλκῷ σφίγξον Ἄρηα κυβερνητῆρα σιδήρου. 605ἀστεροπαὶ φεύγουσι καὶ οὐ μίμνουσιν Ἐνυώ· πῶς στεροπῆς ὀλίγης οὐκ ἔκφυγες ἀπτόλεμον πῦρ; ἢ πόθεν οὔασι σοῖσιν ἀμετρήτοισιν ἀκούων βρονταίην ἐλάχειαν ἐδείδιες ὄμβριον ἠχώ; τίς σε τόσον ποίησεν ἀνάλκιδα; πῇ σέθεν αἰχμαί; 610πῇ κεφαλαὶ σκυλάκων; πῇ χάσματα κεῖνα λεόντων καὶ χθόνιον μύκημα βαρυφθόγγων σέο λαιμῶν; πῇ δὲ δρακοντείης δολιχόσκιος ἰὸς ἐθείρης; οὐκέτι συρίζεις ὀφιώδεϊ κυκλάδι χαίτῃ; πῇ βοέων στομάτων μυκήματα; πῇ σέο χειρῶν 615ἠλιβάτου πρηῶνος ἀκοντιστῆρες ἀγοστοί; οὐκέτι μαστίζεις ἑλικώδεας ἄντυγας ἄστρων; οὐκέτι λευκαίνουσι συῶν προβλῆτες ἀκωκαὶ ἀφροκόμῳ ῥαθάμιγγι διάβροχον ἀνθερεῶνα;

“A fine ally has old Cronos found in you, Typhoeus! Earth could scarcely bring forth that great son for Iapetos ! A jolly champion of Titans ! The thunderbolts of Zeus soon their power against you, as I see! How long are you going to wait before taking up your quarters in the inaccessible heavens, you sceptred impostor The throne of Olympos awaits you : accept the robes and sceptre of Zeus, God-defying Typhoeus I Bring back Astraios to heaven ; if you wish, let Eurynome and Ophion return to the sky, and Cronos in the train of that! When you enter the dappleback vault of the stars, let crafty Prometheus leave his chains, and come with you : the bold bird who makes hearty meals off that rejuvenescent liver shall show) him the way to heaven. What did you want to gain by your riot, but to see Zeus and Earthshaker foot-) men behind your throne Well, here you have Zeus helpless, no longer sceptre-bearer of Olympos, Zeus stript of his thunders and his clouds, holding up no longer the lightning’s fire divine or the familiar thunderbolt, but a torch for Typhaon’s bower, groom of the chamber to Hera the bride of your spear, whom he eyes with wrath, jealous of your bed: Barynome and had ruled in Olympos before Bara A firmed here you have Earthshaker with him, torn from the sea for a new place instead of the deep as waiter at your table, no trident in his hand but a cup for you if you are thirsty! Here you have Ares for a menial, Apollo is your lackey ! Send round Maia’s son, King’s Messenger, to announce to the Titans your triumph and your glory in the skies. But I leave your smith Hephaistos to his regular work in Lemnos, and he can make a necklace to adorn your newly wedded bride, a real work of art, in dazzling colours, or a fine pair of brilliant shoes for your wife’s feet to delight her, or he can build another Olympian throne of shining gold, that your golden: throned Hera may laugh because she has a better throne than yours! And when you have the underground Cyclopes domiciled in Olympos, make a new spark for an improved thunderbolt. As for Eros, who bewitched your mind by delusive hopes of victory, chain him with golden Aphrodite in chains of gold, and clamp with chains of bronze Ares the governor of iron The lightnings try to escape, and will not abide Enyo! How was it you could not escape a harmless little flash of lightning? How was it with all those innumerable ears you were afraid to hear a little rainy thud of thunder? Who made you so big a coward ? Where are your weapons ? Where are your puppy-heads? Where are those gaping lions, where is the heavy bellowing of your throats like a rumbling earthquake ? Where is the far-flung poison of your snaky mane ? Do not you hiss any more with that coronet of serpentine bristles ? Where are the bellowings of your bull-mouths ? Where are your hands and their volleys of precipitous crags Do you flog no longer the mazy circles of the stars? Do the jutting tusks of your boars no longer whiten their chins, wet with a frill of foamy drippings ? Come now, where are the bristling grinning jaws of the mad bear ?

619πῇ μοι φρικτὰ γένεια σεσηρότα λυσσάδος ἄρκτου; 620εἶξον ἐπουρανίοισι, πεδοτρεφές· ὑμετέρων γὰρ χειρὶ μιῇ νίκησα διηκοσίων στίχα χειρῶν. ἀλλὰ βαθυκρήμνοισι περισφίγγουσα κολώναις Σικελίη τρικάρηνος ὅλον Τυφῶνα δεχέσθω οἰκτρὰ κονιομένοις ἑκατὸν κομόωντα καρήνοις. 625ἔμπης, εἰ νόον ἔσχες ὑπέρβιον, εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ ἐλπίσιν ἀπρήκτοισιν ἐπεσκίρτησας Ὀλύμπῳ, τεύξω σοι, πανάποτμε, κενήριον, ὑστάτιον δὲ σὸν κενεὸν παρὰ τύμβον, ἀτάσθαλε, τοῦτο χαράξω· Γηγενέος τόδε σῆμα Τυφωέος, ὅν ποτε πέτροις 630αἰθέρα μαστίζοντα κατέφλεγεν αἰθέριον πῦρ.

Clodhopper, give place to the sons of heaven! For with one hand I have vanquished your hands, two hundred strong. Let three-headland Sicily receive Typhon whole and entire, let her crush him all about under her steep and lofty hills, with the hair of his hundred heads miserably bedabbled in dust. Nevertheless, if you did have an over-violent mind, if you did assault Olympos itself in your impracticable ambitions, I will build you a cenotaph, presumptuous wretch, and I will engrave on your empty tomb, this last message: This is the barrow of Typhoeus son of Earth, who once lashed the sky with stones, and the fire of heaven burnt him up.’

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.