Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 6.86–206: Book 6: Astraios' oracle; the Titans kill Zagreus

Astraios foretells a secret ravisher in the shape of a dragon, but also fruit for Demeter's gift of corn. Demeter hides her daughter in a cave in Sicily, guarded by dragons and her nurse. Persephoneia, weaving, sings of how Zeus came to her as a dragon and how the Titans killed their child Zagreus, who changed through many shapes before he fell as a bull.

Lines 6.86–206 · 1139 words · click a number to copy its link
86ἀλλʼ ὅτε πάντα νόησεν ἀριθμήσας ἴτυν ἄστρων, σφαῖραν ἀειδίνητον ἀνέκρυφε κοιλάδι κίστῃ, σφαῖραν ποικιλόνωτον· ἀνειρομένῃ δὲ θεαίνῃ τριπλόον ὀμφαίης ἀνερεύγετο θέσφατον ἠχοῦς· 90Δημῆτερ φιλότεκνος, ὑπὸ σκιοειδέι κώνῳ

When he had noticed everything and reckoned the circuit of the stars, he put away the ever-revolving sphere in its roomy box, the pliers with its curious surface ; and in answer to the goddess he mouthed out a triple oracle of prophetic sound :

91κλεπτομένης ἀκτῖνος ἀφωτίστοιο Σελήνης νυμφίον ἁρπακτῆρα φυλάσσεο Περσεφονείης κρυπτὸν ἀσυλήτοιο τεῆς ληίστορα κούρης, εἰ λίνα Μοιράων ἐπιπείθεται· ἀπροϊδῆ δὲ 95ἀθρήσεις πρὸ γάμοιο νόθον λαθραῖον ἀκοίτην θηρομιγῆ δολόμητιν, ἐπεὶ δυτικῷ παρὰ κέντρῳ σὺν Παφίῃ στείχοντα γαμοκλόπον Ἄρεα λεύσσω, ἀμφοτέροις δὲ Δράκοντα παραντέλλοντα δοκεύω. ὀλβίστην ἐνέπω σε· σὺ γὰρ τετράζυγι κόσμῳ 100ἔσσεαι ἀγλαόκαρπος, ὅτι χθονὶ καρπὸν ὀπάσσεις ἀτρυγέτῳ· κούρης γὰρ ὑπὲρ κλήροιο τοκήων παρθένος Ἀστραίη σταχυώδεα χεῖρα τιταίνει. ὣς φάμενος μαντῷον ὑπὸ στόμα κοίμισεν ὀμφήν.

Fond mother Demeter, when the rays of the Moon are stolen under a shady cone and her light is gone, guard against a robber-bridegroom for Persephoneia, a secret ravisher of your unsmirched girl, if the threads of the Fates can be persuaded. You will see before marriage a false and secret bedfellow come unforeseen, a half-monster cunning-minded : since I perceive by the western point Ares the wife-stealer walking with the Paphian, and notice the Dragon rising beside them both. But I proclaim you most happy : for you will be known for glorious fruits in the four quarters of the universe, because you shall bestow fruit on the barren soil since the Virgin Astraia holds out her hand full of corn for the destined lot of your girl’s rents.”

104ἀλλʼ ὅτε Δημήτηρ δρεπανηφόρος ἐλπίδα καρπῶν 105ἐσσομένων ἤκουσε καὶ αὐτοκέλευστον ἀκοίτην τηλυγέτης ἀδμῆτος ἀνέγγυον ἅρπαγα κούρης, ἔστενε μειδιόωσα· διʼ ὑψιπόρου δὲ κελεύθου οἶκον ἑὸν σπεύδουσα κατηφέι δύσατο ταρσῷ καὶ ζυγὸν εὐδίνητον ἐχιδναίῃ παρὰ φάτνῃ 110ἀμφιταλαντεύσασα λόφῳ διδυμάονι θηρῶν ἄζυγας ἑρπηστῆρας ἐπεσφήκωσε λεπάδνῳ· καὶ γένυν ἀγκυλόδοντι περισφίγγουσα χαλινῷ ξανθοφυὴς βλοσυροῖο διʼ ἅρματος ἤγαγε Δηὼ παῖδα καλυπτομένην νεφέλης κυανάμπυκι μίτρῃ, 115καὶ κτύπον ἀντικέλευθον ἐπιβρομέοντος ἀπήνῃ θηρονόμῳ μάστιγι κατερροίζησε Βορῆος, ἠερίης ἱππηδὸν ἐπεσσυμένων δρόμον αὔρης ἀσταθέων πτερὰ κοῦφα περιστέλλουσα δρακόντων ἀμφὶ κέρας Λιβυκοῖο παλίσσυτον Ὠκεανοῖο. 120Δικταίης δʼ ἀίουσα μέλος κορυθαιόλον ἠχοῦς Κρῆτα χορὸν παράμειβε βαρυσμαράγοιο βοείης νῶτα περισκαίροντα κυβιστητῆρι σιδήρῳ. καί τινα λάινον οἶκον ἐποπτεύουσα θεαίνη Σικελίης τριλόφοιο Πελωρίδα δύσατο πέτρην 125Ἀδριάδας παρὰ θῖνας, ὅπῃ χύσις ἄστατος ἅλμης εἰς δύσιν ἑλκομένη περικάμπτεται εἴκελος ἅρπῃ, εἰς Λίβα πομπεύουσα Βορειόθεν ἀγκύλον ὕδωρ· καί, Κυανῆν ὅθι πυκνὰ ῥόος χυτλώσατο κούρην κρηναίῳ στροφάλιγγι χέων ὀπτήριον ὕδωρ, 130γείτονα κόλπον ὄπωπεν ἰσοσταθέοντα μελάθρῳ, λαϊνέης ὀρόφοιο περιστεφθέντα καλύπτρῃ, ὃν φύσις ἐθρίγκωσε χαραδραίῳ πυλεῶνι λάινον ἱστὸν ἔχοντα μεμηλότα γείτοσι Νύμφαις.

This said, he let the oracular voice sleep in his mouth. But when Demeter Sicklebearer heard the hope of coming fruits, and how one uninvited and unbetrothed was to ravish her beloved maiden girl, she groaned and smiled at once, and hastening by the paths of high heaven she entered her own house with despondent step. Then beside the dragon-manger she balanced the curved yoke over the two necks of the monsters, and fastened the untamed crawlers with the yokestrap, pressing their jaws about the crook-tooth bit. So golden-brown Deo in that grim car conveyed her girl hidden in a black veil of cloud. Boreas roared like thunder against the passage of the wagon, but she whistled him down with her monster-driving whip, guiding the light wings of the quick dragons as they sped homelike along the course of the wind, through the sky and round the back-reaching cape of the Libyan Ocean. She heard the music of the helmeted Cretan troop resounding in Dicte, as they danced about with the tumbling steel thundering heavy upon their oxhide shields. The goddess passed them by, looking for a stony harbourage ; and she alighted among the Pelorian cliffs of Threepeak Sicily near the Adriatic shores, where the restless briny flood is driven towards the west and bends round like a sickle, bringing the current in a curve to southwest from the north. And in the place where that River had often bathed the maiden Cyane, pouring his water in fountain-showers as a bride-gift, she saw a neighbouring grotto like a lofty hall crowned and concealed by a roof of stone, which nature had completed with a rocky gateway and a loom of stone tended by the neighbouring Nymphs.

134καὶ θεὸς ὀρφναίοιο διερπύζουσα μελάθρου 135παῖδα πολυσφρήγιστον ἐνέκρυφε φωλάδι πέτρῃ· λυσαμένη δὲ δράκοντας ἐυπτερύγων ἀπὸ δίφρων τὸν μὲν δεξιτεροῖο παρὰ πρηῶνα θυρέτρου, τὸν δὲ λιθογλώχινα πύλης παρὰ λαιὸν ὀχῆα στῆσεν ἀθηήτοιο φυλάκτορα Περσεφονείης· 140κεῖθι δὲ Καλλιγένειαν, ἑὴν εὔπαιδα τιθήνην, κάλλιπε σὺν ταλάροισι, καὶ ὁππόσα θήλεϊ φύτλῃ Παλλάδος εὐπαλάμοιο νέμει ταλασήιος ἱδρώς· καὶ ποσὶν ἠέρα τέμνεν, ἐρημονόμοις δὲ φυλάξαι καμπύλα πετραίῃσιν ἐπέτρεπεν ἅρματα Νύμφαις.

The goddess passed through the dark hall, and concealed her daughter well-secured in this hollow rock. Then she loosed the dragons from the winged car; one she placed by the jutting rock on the right of the door, one on the left beside the stone-pointed barrier of the entry, to protect Persephoneia unseen. There also she left Calligeneia, her own fond nurse, with her baskets, and all that clever-hand Pallas gives to make womankind sweat over their wool-spinning. Then she left her rounded chariot for the Nymphs to watch, in their lonely home among the rocks, and cut the air with her feet.

145ἀμφὶ δὲ καρχαρόδοντα γένυν πεπόνητο σιδήρου εἰροκόμῳ ξαίνουσα περὶ κτενὶ λήνεα κούρη, ἠλακάτῃ δʼ ἐνέλισσε· πολυστροφάδεσσι δὲ ῥιπαῖς εἰλυφόων ἄτρακτος ἕλιξ βητάρμονι παλμῷ νηθομένων ἐχόρευε μίτων κυκλούμενος ὁλκῷ· 150καὶ ποσὶ φοιταλέοισι παλίνδρομος ἄκρον ἀπʼ ἄκρου πρωτοπαγῆ ποίησε διάσματα, φάρεος ἀρχήν, ἱστῷ δʼ ἀμφὶς ἕλισσεν· ὕφαινε δὲ κερκίδι κούρη πηνίον ἐξέλκουσα παρὲκ μίτον, ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλῳ γνωτὴν ἰστοτέλειαν ἑὴν ἐλίγαινεν Ἀθήνην. 155παρθένε Περσεφόνεια, σὺ δʼ οὐ γάμον εὗρες ἀλύξαι,

The girl busied herself in carding fleeces of wool under the sharp teeth of the iron comb. She packed the wool on the distaff, and the twirling spindle with many a twist and jerk ran round and round in dancing step, as the threads were spun and drawn through the fingers. She fixed the first threads of the warp which begins the cloth, and gave them a turn round the beam, moving from end to end to and fro with unresting feet. She wove away, plying the rod and pulling the bobbin along through the threads, while she sang over the cloth to her cousin Athena the clever webster,

156ἀλλὰ δρακοντείοισιν ἐνυμφεύθης ὑμεναίοις, Ζεὺς ὅτε πουλυέλικτος ἀμειβομένοιο προσώπου νυμφίος ἱμερόεντι δράκων κυκλούμενος ὁλκῷ εἰς μυχὸν ὀρφναίοιο διέστιχε παρθενεῶνος, 160σείων δαυλὰ γένεια· παρισταμένων δὲ θυρέτρῳ εὔνασεν ἰσοτύπων πεφορημένος ὄμμα δρακόντων . . . καὶ γαμίαις γενύεσσι δέμας λιχμάζετο κούρης Περσεφόνης γονόεντι τόκῳ κυμαίνετο γαστήρ, μείλιχος. αἰθερίων δὲ δρακοντείων ὑμεναίων 165Ζαγρέα γειναμένη, κερόεν βρέφος, ὃς Διὸς ἕδρης μοῦνος ἐπουρανίης ἐπεβήσατο, χειρὶ δὲ βαιῇ ἀστεροπὴν ἐλέλιζε νεηγενέος δὲ φορῆος νηπιάχοις παλάμῃσιν ἐλαφρίζοντο κεραυνοί.

Ah, maiden Persephoneia ! You could not find how to escape your mating! No, a dragon was your mate, when Zeus changed his face and came, rolling in many a loving coil through the dark to the corner of the maiden’s chamber, and shaking his hairy chaps: he lulled to sleep as he crept the eyes of those creatures of his own shape who guarded the door. He licked the girl’s form gently with wooing lips. By this marriage with the heavenly dragon, the womb of Persephone swelled with living fruit, and she bore Zagreus the horned baby, who by himself climbed upon the heavenly throne of Zeus and brandished lightning in his little hand, and newly born, lifted and carried thunderbolts in his tender fingers.

169οὐδὲ Διὸς θρόνον εἶχεν ἐπὶ χρόνον· ἀλλά ἑ γύψῳ 170κερδαλέῃ χρισθέντες ἐπίκλοπα κύκλα προσώπου δαίμονος ἀστόργοιο χόλῳ βαρυμήνιος Ἥρης Ταρταρίῃ Τιτῆνες ἐδηλήσαντο μαχαίρῃ ἀντιτύπῳ νόθον εἶδος ὀπιπεύοντα κατόπτρῳ. ἔνθα διχαζομένων μελέων Τιτῆνι σιδήρῳ 175τέρμα βίου Διόνυσος ἔχων παλινάγρετον ἀρχὴν ἀλλοφυὴς μορφοῦτο πολυσπερὲς εἶδος ἀμείβων, πῇ μὲν ἅτε Κρονίδης δόλιος νέος αἰγίδα σείων, πῇ δὲ γέρων βαρύγουνος ἅτε Κρόνος ὄμβρον ἰάλλων· ἄλλοτε ποικιλόμορφον ἔην βρέφος, ἄλλοτε κούρῳ 180εἴκελος οἰστρηθέντι, νέον δέ οἱ ἄνθος ἰούλων ἀκροκελαινιόωντα κατέγραφε κύκλα προσώπου· πῇ δὲ χόλῳ δασπλῆτι λέων μιμηλὸς ἰάλλων φρικαλέον βρύχημα σεσηρότι μαίνετο λαιμῷ, ὀρθώσας πυκινῇσι κατάσκιον αὐχένα χαίταις, 185ἀμφελελιζομένης λασιότριχος ὑψόθι νώτου αὐτομάτῃ μάστιγι περιστίζων δέμας οὐρῆς· ἔνθα λεοντείοιο λιπὼν ἴνδαλμα προσώπου ὑψιλόφῳ χρεμετισμὸν ὁμοίιον ἔβρεμεν ἵππῳ ἄζυγι, γαῦρον ὀδόντα μετοχμάζοντι χαλινοῦ, 190καὶ πολιῷ λεύκαινε περιτρίβων γένυν ἀφρῷ· ἄλλοτε ῥοιζήεντα χέων συριγμὸν ὑπήνης ἀμφιλαφὴς φολίδεσσι δράκων ἐλέλικτο κεράστης, γλῶσσαν ἔχων προβλῆτα κεχηνότος ἀνθερεῶνος, καὶ βλοσυρῷ Τιτῆνος ἐπεσκίρτησε καρήνῳ 195ὁρμὸν ἐχιδνήεντα περίπλοκον αὐχένι δήσας· καὶ δέμας ἑρπηστῆρος ἀειδίνητον ἐάσας τίγρις ἔην, στίξας δέμας αἰόλον· ἄλλοτε ταύρῳ ἰσοφυής, στομάτων δὲ νόθον μυκηθμὸν ἰάλλων θηγαλέῃ Τιτῆνας ἀνεστυφέλιξε κεραίῃ. 200καὶ ψυχῆς προμάχιζεν, ἕως ζηλήμονι λαιμῷ τρηχαλέον μύκημα διʼ ἠέρος ἔβρεμεν Ἥρη, μητρυιὴ βαρύμηνις, ἰσοφθόγγῳ δὲ θεαίνῃ αἰθέριον κελάδημα πύλαι κανάχιζον Ὀλύμπου, καὶ θρασὺς ὤκλασε ταῦρος· ἀμοιβαίῃ δὲ φονῆες 205ταυροφυῆ Διόνυσον ἐμιστύλλοντο μαχαίρῃ. Ζεὺς δὲ πατήρ, προτέροιο δαϊζομένου Διονύσου

But he did not hold the throne of Zeus for long, By the fierce resentment of implacable Hera, the Titans cunningly smeared their round faces with disguising chalk, and while he contemplated his changeling countenance reflected in a mirror they destroyed him with an infernal knife. There where his limbs had been cut piecemeal by the Titan steel, the end of his life was the beginning of a new life as Dionysos. He appeared in another shape, and changed into many forms : now young like crafty Cronides shaking the aegis-cape, now as ancient Cronos heavy-kneed, pouring rain. Sometimes he was a curiously formed baby, sometimes like a mad youth with the flower of the first down marking his rounded chin with black. Again, a mimic lion he uttered a horrible roar in furious rage from a wild snarling throat, as he lifted a neck shadowed by a thick mane, marking his body on both sides with the self-striking whip of a tail which flickered about over his hairy back. Next, he left the shape of a lion’s looks and let out a ringing neigh, now like an unbroken horse that lifts his neck on high to shake out the imperious tooth of the bit, and rubbing, whitened his cheek with hoary foam. Sometimes he poured out a whistling hiss from his mouth, a curling horned serpent covered with scales, darting out his tongue from his gaping throat, and leaping upon the grim head of some Titan encircled his neck in snaky spiral coils. Then he left the shape of the restless crawler and became a tiger with gay stripes on his body ; or again like a bull emitting a counterfeit roar from his mouth he butted the Titans with sharp horn. So he fought for his life, until Hera with jealous throat bellowed harshly through the air—that heavy-resentful stepmother and the gates of Olympos rattled in echo to her jealous throat from high heaven. Then the bold bull collapsed : the murderers each eager for his turn with the knife chopt piecemeal the bullshaped Dionysos.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.