Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 23.225–320: Book 23: Dionysos threatens the river and sets it on fire

Dionysos warns the river that Zeus may strike it as he struck Eridanos, but Hydaspes only rages the more. The god sets the water on fire with a burning fennel stalk, driving the Naiads out of their homes. Oceanos then threatens to flood the sky, drown the stars and constellations, and calls on Tethys and the sea to join him against Dionysos.

Lines 23.225–320 · 940 words · click a number to copy its link
225καὶ ποταμῷ Διόνυσος ἀνήρυγε θυιάδα φωνήν·

Then Dionysos shouted to the river in rage :

226τί κλονέεις Διὸς υἷα, Διιπετές; ἢν ἐθελήσω, τερσαίνει σέο χεῦμα πατὴρ ἐμός, ὑέτιος Ζεύς. ἐκ νεφέων βλάστησας ἐμοῦ Κρονίδαο τοκῆος, καὶ νεφεληγερέταο Διὸς βλάστημα διώκεις; 230πατρὸς ἐμοῦ πεφύλαξο βέλος λοχίοιο κεραυνοῦ, μὴ στεροπὴν Βρομίοιο γενέθλιον εἰς σὲ κορύσσῃ· ἅζεο, μὴ βαρύγουνος, ὅπως Ἀσωπός, ἀκούσῃς· σὴν προχοὴν πρήυνον, ἕως ἔτι μῆνιν ἐρύκω. ὑδατόεις πυρόεντι κορύσσεαι· οὐ δύνασαι δὲ 235τλήμεναι αἰθαλόεντος ἕνα σπινθῆρα κεραυνοῦ.

“Why do you drive against the son of Zeus, you whose waters are fed by Zeus? If it be my pleasure, Rainy Zeus my father will dry up your flood. You, sprung from the clouds of Cronides my father, persecute the offspring of Cloudgatherer Zeus ! Beware the stroke of my father’s thunderbolt of delivery, beware lest he raise against you the lightning which gave Bromios birth! Take care that you be not dubbed Heavyknee, like Asopos! Quiet your flood while I yet control my wrath. Your waters rise against fires, and you cannot endure one spark of the blazing thunderbolt.

236εἰ δὲ μέγα φρονέεις χάριν Ἀστερίης σέο νύμφης, ἣ λάχεν αἰθερίης Ὑπερίονος αἷμα γενέθλης, ἠελίου θρασὺν υἷα, πυρώδεος ἡνιοχῆος, οὐρανὸν ἱππεύοντα πατὴρ ἐμὸς ἔφλεγε πυρσῷ, 240καὶ νέκυν ἔστενε παῖδα πυρὸς ταμίης Ὑπερίων, οὐδὲ χάριν Φαέθοντος ἐμῷ πολέμιζε τοκῆι, οὐ πυρὶ πῦρ ἀνάειρε, καὶ εἰ πυρὸς ἡγεμονεύει. εἰ χάριν ὑμετέρου μεγαλίζεαι Ὠκεανοῖο, Ἠριδανὸν σκοπίαζε Διὸς πληγέντα βελέμνῳ, 245ὑμέτερον πυρίκαυτον ἀδελφεόν· αἰνοπαθὴς δὲ σὸς διερὸς προπάτωρ, μιτρούμενος ἄντυγι κόσμου, χεύμασι τοσσατίοισι χέων γαιήοχον ὕδωρ, υἱὸν ἴδε φλεχθέντα, καὶ οὐ πολέμιζεν Ὀλύμπῳ, οὐ προχοαῖς ἐρίδαινε πυριγλώχινι κεραυνῷ. 250ἀλλὰ τεῶν ὑδάτων ἔτι φείδεο, μή σε νοήσω Ἠριδανῷ φλεχθέντι κεκαυμένον ἶσον Ὑδάσπην.

“And if it is Asterié your wife that makes you so proud, because she has the blood of Hyperion’s heavenly kin, my father burnt with fire the bold son of Helios the fiery charioteer, when he drove the team through heaven; Hyperion dispenser of fire had to mourn his own son dead: he did not make war on my father for Phaéthon’s sake, he did not lift fire against fire even if he is lord of fire. If your Oceanos makes you so haughty, consider Eridanos struck by the bolt of Zeus, your brother burnt with fire : a cruel sorrow it was for your watery ancestor, who is girdled by the world’s rim, who pours all those mighty streams of water to possess the earth, when he saw his own son burnt up and made no war on Olympos, nor contended with his flood against the firebarbed thunderbolt. Pray spare your waters awhile, or I may see you, Hydaspes, burnt up in fiery flames like Eridanos.”’

252ὣς φαμένῳ βαρύδουπος ἐχώσατο μᾶλλον Ὑδάσπης κύμασι λαβροτέροισι χέων ὑψίδρομον ὕδωρ. καί νύ κεν ἔκρυφε πᾶσαν ἀβακχεύτων στίχα Βάκχων, 255εἰ μὴ Βάκχος ἄμυνεν, ἀπʼ ἀγχιπόροιο δὲ λόχμης πυρσοτόκον νάρθηκα λαβὼν ἀντώπιον Ἠοῦς ἠελίῳ θέρμηνεν· ἐριφλεγέος δὲ κορύμβου αὐτογόνῳ σπινθῆρι λοχεύετο δουράτεον πῦρ· καὶ προχοαῖς φλόγα ῥῖψεν· ἀπειλητῆρι δὲ δαλῷ 260καιομένου ποταμοῖο ῥοαῖς ἐπεπάφλασαν ὄχθαι· καὶ πολὺς ἠερόφοιτος ἑλίσσετο καπνὸς ἀλήτης λωτοῦ καιομένοιο μαραινομένου τε κυπείρου· καὶ θρύα πῦρ ἀμάθυνε· πολυστροφάλιγγι δὲ ῥιπῇ καπνοῦ λιγνυόεντος ἕλιξ ἐμέθυσσεν ἀυτμὴ 265ἠερίας ἁψῖδας, ὅλη δʼ ἐμελαίνετο λόχμη εὐόδμοις ἀνέμοισιν ἱμασσομένων δονακήων. καὶ σέλας εἰς βυθὸν εἷρπεν· ἐνεκρύπτοντο δὲ πηλῷ

These words made deeproaring Hydaspes more angry than ever, and he poured out his highswollen water in yet stronger waves. And now he would have engulfed the whole company of sobered Bacchants, had not Bacchos defended them. From a neighbouring coppice he pulled a firebearing stalk of fennel, and holding it towards the Dawn he warmed it at the sun; the combustible stalk conceived a spark in itself and brought forth a woodborn fire. Then he threw it into the stream. The river caught fire of this menacing torch, and the water boiled up against the banks ; clouds of smoke went up scattering into the air from burning lotus and shrivelling galingale. Fire consumed the rushes; the reek of the sooty smoke curling in whirling circles intoxicated the heavenly vaults, and all the wood was blackened by the fragrant breezes of the smitten reeds.

268ἰχθύες αἰθαλόεντες· ὑποβρυχίοιο δὲ πυρσοῦ νηχομένῳ σπινθῆρι διάβροχος ἔζεεν ἰλὺς 270ὑγρὸν ἀναπτομένη· βυθίων δʼ ἀπὸ καπνὸς ἐναύλων ἔμπυρος ὑδατόεντι διέσσυτο σύνδρομος ἀτμῷ. Ὑδριάδων δὲ φάλαγγες ἀνάμπυκες ὠκέι ταρσῷ γυμναὶ κυματόεντος ἀπεπλάζοντο μελάθρου· καί τις ἀναινομένη φλογερὸν πατρώιον ὕδωρ 275νηιὰς ἀκρήδεμνος ἀήθεα δύσατο Γάγγην· ἄλλη δʼ Ἰνδὸν ἔναιεν ἐριβρεμέτην Ἀκεσίνην ἀζαλέοις μελέεσσιν· ἀλωομένην δὲ Χοάσπης ἄλλην οὐρεσίφοιτον ἀνάμπυκα Νηίδα Νύμφην παρθενικὴν ἀπέδιλον ἐδέξατο, Περσίδι γείτων.

The blaze spread to the deeps. Burning fishes hid themselves in the mud ; the soaking slime kindled the wet and boiled, as the swimming spark of fire ran under water, and from the deep channels poured abroad a fiery smoke mixt with watery steam. Companies of Hydriads were driven naked from their homes under the waves, swift-footed, bare, unveiled. One Naiad, renouncing her native water now on fire, dived unveiled into the unfamiliar Ganges; another with dry limbs sought a home in noisy Indian Acesines; another Naiad nymph wandering over the mountains, a maiden unveiled and unshod, was received by Choaspes near Persia.

280Ὠκεανὸς δʼ ἰάχησεν ἀπειλείων Διονύσῳ, ὑδατόεν μύκημα χέων πολυπίδακι λαιμῷ, καὶ ῥόον ἀενάων στομάτων κρουνηδὸν ἰάλλων ἠιόνας κόσμοιο κατέκλυσε χεύματι μύθων·

Oceanos also cried out against Dionysos in menacing words, pouring a watery roar from his manystream throat, and deluging the shores of the world with the flood of words which issued from his everlasting mouth like a fountain:

284ἥλικος Ὠκεανοῖο παρευνέτι, σύγχρονε κόσμου 285παντρόφε συμμιγέων ὑδάτων, αὐτόσπορε Τηθύς, ἀρχαίη φιλότεκνε, τί ῥέξομεν; αἰθαλόεις γὰρ εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ σέο τέκνα κορύσσεται ὑέτιος Ζεύς· ἅρπαγα γὰρ νόθον ὄρνιν ἔχει Κρονίωνα φονῆα Ἀσωπὸς γενετῆρα, καὶ υἱέα Βάκχον Ὑδάσπης. 290ἀλλὰ Διὸς στεροπῇσιν ἄγων ἀντίξοον ὕδωρ ἠέλιον πυρόεντα ῥόῳ σβεστῆρι καλύψω, κρύψω δʼ αἰθέρος ἄστρα· καὶ ἀθρήσει με Κρονίων χεύματι μορμύροντι κατακλύζοντα Σελήνην· Ἀρκτῴην δʼ ὑπὸ πέζαν ἐμαῖς προχοῇσι λοέσσω 295ἄξονος ἄκρα κάρηνα καὶ ἄβροχον ὁλκὸν Ἁμάξης· καὶ βυθίης ἀρχαῖον ἐμῆς πλωτῆρα θαλάσσης αἰθέριον Δελφῖνα πάλιν πλωτῆρα τελέσσω, κρυπτόμενον πελάγεσσι· καὶ ἀστερόφοιτον ἐρύσσω νόστιμον οὐρανόθεν μετανάστιον εἰς χθόνα Κελτῶν 300Ἠριδανὸν πυρόεντα, καὶ ὑδατόεντα τελέσσω, αἰθέρα γυμνώσας διεροῦ πυρός· ὑψιπόρους δὲ ἰχθύας ἀστερόεντας ἐμοὺς πάλιν εἰς ἅλα σύρω,

“O Tethys ! agemate and bedmate of Oceanos, ancient as the world, nurse of commingled waters, selfborn, loving mother of children, what shall we do? Now Rainy Zeus blazes in arms against me and your children. Even as Asopos found the Father Zeus Cronion his destroyer, in the bastard shape of a bird, so Hydaspes has found Bacchos the son. Nay, I will bring my water against the lightnings of Zeus, and drown the fiery sun in my quenching flood, I will put out the stars of heaven! Cronion shall see me overwhelm Selene with my roaring streams. Under the region of the Bear, I will wash with my waters the ends of the axle and the dry track of the Wain. The heavenly Dolphin, which long ago swam in my deep sea, I will make to swim once more, and cover him with new seas. I will drag down from heaven the fiery Eridanos whose course is among the stars, and bring him back to a new home in the Celtic land: he shall be water again, and the sky shall be bare of the river of fire. The starry Fishes that swim on high I will pull into the sea and make them mine again, to swim in water instead of Olympos.

303νηχομένους μετʼ Ὄλυμπον ἐν ὕδασιν. ἔγρεο, Τηθύς, ὕδασιν αἰθέρος ἄστρα καλύψομεν, ὄφρα νοήσω 305ταῦρον, ἀκυμάντοιο πάλαι πλωτῆρα θαλάσσης, κύμασι λαβροτέροις πεφορημένον ὑγρὸν ὁδίτην, Εὐρώπης μετὰ λέκτρον· ὀρινέσθω δὲ καὶ αὐτή, δερκομένη κερόεσσαν ἐμὴν ταυρώπιδα μορφήν, ταυροφυὴς κερόεσσα βοῶν ἐλάτειρα Σελήνη· 310ἵξομαι ὑψικέλευθος ἐς οὐρανόν, ὄφρα νοήσω ἰκμαλέον Κηφῆα καὶ ὑγροχίτωνα Βοώτην, ὡς πάρος ἐννοσίγαιος, ὅτε θρασὺς ἀμφὶ Κορίνθου ὑγρὸς Ἄρης ἀλάλαζεν ἐς ἀστερόεσσαν Ἐνυώ· κρύψω δʼ ἔμπυρον Αἶγα, Διὸς τροφόν, ὑγροπόρῳ δὲ 315ἅρμενον Ὑδροχοῆι χαρίζομαι ἄφθονον ὕδωρ.

“Tethys, awake! We will drown the stars in water, that I may see the Bull, who once swam over a waveless sea, tossed on stormier waves in the paths of the waters after the bed of Europa. Selene herself, bullshaped and horned driver of cattle, may be angry to see my horned bullshaped form. I will travel high into the heaven, that I may behold Cepheus drenched and the Waggoner in soaking tunic, as Earthshaker once did when about Corinth soaking Ares once boldly shouted defiance of battle against the stars! I will swallow the shining Goat, the nurse of Zeus, and I will offer infinite water to the Waterman as a suitable gift !

316Τηθύς, καὶ σύ, θάλασσα, κορύσσεο· ταυροφυῆ γὰρ Ζεὺς νόθον υἷα λόχευσεν, ἵνα ξύμπαντας ὀλέσσῃ καὶ ποταμοὺς καὶ φῶτας ἀμεμφέας· ἀμφότερον δὲ Ἰνδοὺς θύρσος ἔπεφνε καὶ ἔφλεγε πυρσὸς Ὑδάσπην.

“Get ready, Tethys, and you, O Sea! for Zeus has been delivered of a base son in bull shape, to destroy all rivers and all creatures together, all blameless : the thyrsus wand has slain the Indians, the torch has burnt Hydaspes !

320ἔννεπε παφλάζων βαθυκύμονος οἴδματι φωνῆς.

So he cried blustering in a flood of speech from his deep waves.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.