Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 25.0–79: Book 25: The poet's invocation; Dionysos set beside Perseus

The poet invokes the Muse and Thebes, announcing that he will sing only the last year of the war, and says he will measure the valour of Dionysos against that of the sons of Zeus. He begins with Perseus, who beheaded the Gorgon and then fled, and contrasts him with Dionysos, who defeated whole armies and fought the river.

Lines 25.0–79 · 753 words · click a number to copy its link
0εἰκοστὸν κατὰ πέμπτον ἔχεις Περσῆος ἀγῶνα καὶ κρίσιν Ἡρακλῆος ἐς ἠνορέην Διονύσου.

In the twenty-fifth you have the struggle of Perseus and the comparison of Heracles with the valour of Dionysos.

1Μοῦσα, πάλιν πολέμιζε σοφὸν μόθον ἔμφρονι θύρσῳ· οὔ πω γὰρ γόνυ δοῦλον ὑποκλίνων Διονύσῳ φύλοπιν ἑπταέτηρον Ἑώιος εὔνασεν Ἄρης· ἀλλὰ δρακοντείοιο τεθηπότες ἄκρα γενείου 5Ἰνδῴης πλατάνοιο πάλιν κλάζουσι νεοσσοί, Βακχείου πολέμοιο προμάντιες. οὐ μὲν ἀείσω πρώτους ἓξ λυκάβαντας, ὅτε στρατὸς ἔνδοθι πύργων Ἰνδὸς ἔην· τελέσας δὲ τύπον μιμηλὸν Ὁμήρου ὕστατον ὑμνήσω πολέμων ἔτος, ἑβδομάτης δὲ 10ὑσμίνην ἰσάριθμον ἐμῆς στρουθοῖο χαράξω· Θήβῃ δʼ ἑπταπύλῳ κεράσω μέλος, ὅττι καὶ αὐτὴ ἀμφʼ ἐμὲ βακχευθεῖσα περιτρέχει, οἷα δὲ νύμφη μαζὸν ἑὸν γύμνωσε κατηφέος ὑψόθι πέπλου, μνησαμένη Πενθῆος· ἐποτρύνων δέ με μέλπειν 15πενθαλέην ἕο χεῖρα γέρων ὤρεξε Κιθαιρὼν αἰδόμενος, μὴ λέκτρον ἀθέσμιον ἠὲ βοήσω πατροφόνον πόσιν υἷα παρευνάζοντα τεκούσῃ. Ἀονίης ἀίω κιθάρης κτύπον· εἴπατε, Μοῦσαι, τίς πάλιν Ἀμφίων λίθον ἄπνοον εἰς δρόμον ἕλκει; 20οἶδα, πόθεν κτύπος οὗτος· ἀειδομένῃ τάχα Θήβῃ Πινδαρέης φόρμιγγος ἐπέκτυπε Δώριος ἠχώ.

O Muse, once more fight the poet’s war with your thyrsus-wand of the mind: for not yet has Eastern Ares bent a servile knee and calmed the sevenyear conflict. The nestlings of the Indian planetree are shrinking again in horror at the dragon’s jaw-point, and thus they foretell war with Bacchos. I will not sing the first six lichtgangs, while the Indian army remained behind walls; I will make my pattern like Homer’s and sing the last year of warfare, I will describe that which has the number of my seventh sparrow. For sevengate Thebes I will brew my bowl of poesy, for she also dances wildly about me, baring her breast nymph-like over her robe in sorrow while she remembers Pentheus ; old Cithairon urges me to sing, stretching out his mourning hand, fearing lest I proclaim the unhallowed bed or the father-slaying son, the husband who lay beside her who bore him. I hear the twang of the Aonian lyre: tell me, Muses, what new Amphion is pulling dead stones to a run? I know where that sound comes from: surely it is the Dorian tune of Pindar’s lyre sounding for Thebes.

22ἀλλὰ πάλιν κτείνωμεν Ἐρυθραίων γένος Ἰνδῶν· οὔ ποτε γὰρ μόθον ἄλλον ὁμοίιον ἔδρακεν αἰὼν Ἠῴου πρὸ μόθοιο, καὶ οὐ μετὰ φύλοπιν Ἰνδῶν 25ἄλλην ὀψιτέλεστον ἰσόρροπον εἶδεν Ἐνυώ, οὐδὲ τόσος στρατὸς ἦλθεν ἐς Ἴλιον, οὐ στόλος ἀνδρῶν τηλίκος, ἀλλὰ νέοισι καὶ ἀρχεγόνοισιν ἐρίζων εὐκαμάτους ἱδρῶτας ἀναστήσω Διονύσου, κρίνων ἠνορέην τεκέων Διός, ὄφρα νοήσω, 30τίς κάμε τοῖον ἀγῶνα, τίς εἴκελος ἔπλετο Βάκχου.

Once more let us slay the race of Erythraian Indians : for Time never saw before another struggle like the Eastern War, nor after the Indian War in later days has Enyo seen its equal. No such army came to Ilion, no such host of men. But I will set up the toils and sweat of Dionysos in rivalry with both new and old; I will judge the manhood of the sons of Zeus, and see who endured such an encounter, who was like unto Bacchos.

31Περσεὺς μὲν ταχύγουνος, ἐύπτερον ἴχνος ἑλίσσων, ἀγχινεφῆ δρόμον εἶχεν ἐν ἠέρι πεζός ὁδίτης, εἰ ἐτεὸν πεπότητο. τί δὲ πλέον, εἰ σφυρὰ πάλλων ξείνην εἰρεσίην ἀνεμώδεϊ νήχετο ταρσῷ, 35ὅττι βαθυνομένης παλάμης ληίστορι καρπῷ Φορκίδος ἀγρύπνοιο λαβὼν ὀφθαλμὸν ἀλήτην, ἄψοφον ἀκροπόρων πεφυλαγμένος ἅλμα πεδίλων, ὄγμον ἐχιδνήεντα μιῆς ἤμησε Μεδούσης, ἧς ἔτι κυμαίνουσα γοναῖς ἐθλίβετο γαστὴρ 40Πήγασον ὠδίνουσα, καὶ ἔγκυον αὐχένα νύμφης Γοργόνος Εἰλείθυια μογοστόκος ἔθρισεν ἅρπη, αὐχένος ἱπποτόκοιο θαλύσιον; ἀπτολέμου δὲ Περσεὺς ὠκυπέδιλος ἐκούφισε σύμβολα νίκης ἄπνοα, Γοργείης ὀφιώδεα λήια χαίτης, 45αἱμαλέῃ ῥαθάμιγγι κατάρρυτα λείψανα κόρσης, ἡμιτελὲς σύριγμα νεοτμήτων ἀπὸ λαιμῶν λεπτὸν ὑποτρίζοντα· καὶ οὐ στίχεν ἄρσενι χάρμῃ, οὐ τότε χερσαίης ἐνοπῆς κτύπος, οὐδʼ ἐνὶ πόντῳ Περσέι μαρναμένῳ πολεμήια λαίφεα νηῶν 50ἐγρεμόθοις ἀνέμοισιν Ἄρης κολπώσατο ναύτης, οὐ φονίῃ ῥαθάμιγγι Λίβυς φοινίσσετο Νηρεύς, οὐ νέκυν αὐτοκύλιστον ἐδέξατο λοίγιον ὕδωρ· ἀλλὰ δρακοντείης τρομέων συριγμὸν ἐθείρης Σθεννοῦς μαινομένης πτερόεις ἐλελίζετο Περσεύς, 55καὶ κυνέην Ἀίδαο φέρων καὶ Παλλάδος ἅρπην, καὶ πτερὸν Ἑρμάωνος ἔχων καὶ Ζῆνα τοκῆα, ὠκυτέρῳ φύξηλις ἀνῃώρητο πεδίλῳ, Εὐρυάλης μύκημα καὶ οὐ σάλπιγγος ἀκούων, συλήσας Λιβύης ὀλίγον σπέος· οὐ στρατὸν ἀνδρῶν 60ἔκτανεν, οὐ φλογόεντι πόλιν τεφρώσατο δαλῷ.

Nimbleknee Perseus, waving his winged feet, held his course near the clouds, a wayfarer pacing through the air, if he really did fly. But what was the good if he swung his ankles and swam the winds with that strange oarage of legs and then crept up on tiptoe, keeping his footfall noiseless, and with hollowed hand and robber’s fist caught the roving eye of Phorcys’ unsleeping daughter, then shore off the snaky swathe of one Medusa, while her womb was still burdened and swollen with young, still in foal of Pegasus ; what good if the sickle played the part of childbirth Eileithyia, and reaped the neck of the pregnant Gorgon, firstfruits of a horsebreeding neck? There was no battle when swiftshoe Perseus lifted the lifeless token of victory, the snaky sheaf of Gorgon hair, relics of the head dripping drops of blood, gently wheezing a half-heard hiss through the severed throats: he did not march to battle with men, no din of conflict was there then on land, no maritime Ares on the sea with battle-rousing winds bellied the sails of ships of war against a warrior Perseus, no Libyan Nereus was reddened with showers of blood, no fatal water swallowed a dead body rolling helplessly. No! Perseus fled with flickering wings trembling at the hiss of mad Sthenno’s hairy snakes, although he bore the cap of Hades and the sickle of Pallas, with Hermes’ wings though Zeus was his father; he sailed a fugitive on swiftest shoes, listening for no trumpet but Euryale’s bellowing—having despoiled a little Libyan hole! He slew no army of men, he burnt no city with fiery torch.

61ἀλλʼ οὐ τοῖος ἔην Βρομίου μόθος· οὐ ποσὶν ἕρπων Βάκχος ἐθωρήχθη δολόεις πρόμος, οὐδὲ λοχήσας φρουρὸν ἀκοιμήτοιο μετήλυδα κύκλον ὀπωπῆς Φορκίδος ἀλλοπρόσαλλον ἀμειβομένης πτερὸν Ὕπνου 65ἤνυσε θῆλυν ἄεθλον ἀθωρήκτοιο Μεδούσης· ἀλλὰ διατμήγων δηίων στίχα δίζυγι νίκῃ χερσαίου πολέμοιο καὶ ὑγροπόροιο κυδοιμοῦ λύθρῳ γαῖαν ἔδευσε, καὶ αἵματι κῦμα κεράσσας Νηρεΐδας φοίνιξεν ἐρευθιόωντι ῥεέθρῳ, 70κτείνων βάρβαρα φῦλα· πολὺς δʼ ἐπὶ μητέρι Γαίῃ ὑψιλόφων ἀκάρηνος ἐτυμβεύθη στάχυς Ἰνδῶν, πολλοὶ δʼ ἐν πελάγεσσιν ὀλωλότες ὀξέι θύρσῳ αὐτόματοι πλωτῆρες ἐπορθμεύοντο θαλάσσῃ, Ἰνδῶν νεκρὸς ὅμιλος. ἀνικήτῳ δὲ Λυαίῳ 75ὕδασιν αἰχμάζοντος ἐγερσιμόθου ποταμοῖο Ἄρεα κυματόεντα παρέρχομαι, ὁππότε πεύκη Βακχιὰς αἰθαλόεσσα κατέφλεγε βάρβαρον ὕδωρ μυδαλέῳ σπινθῆρι, καὶ ἔζεε κύματι θερμῷ καπνὸν ἀναβλύζων ποταμήιον ὑγρὸς Ὑδάσπης.

Far other was the struggle of Bromios. For Bacchos was no sneaking champion, crawling along in his armour ; he laid no ambush for the sentinel eye of Phorcys, the ball of the sleepless eye that passed from hand to hand, giving each her share under the wing of sleep in turn; he won no womanish match over a Medusa unarmed. But he cut the lines of his enemies in a double victory, battle on land and tumult at the ford ; he soaked the earth with gore, he mingled the waves with blood, he dyed the Nereids purple in their reddened streams, as he killed the barbarian hordes. Great was the harvest of highcrested Indians buried headless in mother earth; shoals of dead Indians slain by the sharp thyrsus floated at random and voyaged over the deep, a multitude! I pass by that billowy warfare, when the battlestirring river hurled his waves against invincible Lyaios, when the blazing torch of Bacchos kindled the barbarian stream with a damp spark, and watery Hydaspes with waves boiling hot puffed out smoke from his depths.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Dionysiaca Book 25, lines 0–79: The poet's invocation