Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 23.76–161: Book 23: The river receives the dead; the Bacchic army crosses

A dying Indian reproaches the Hydaspes for drowning its own people, and Dionysos spares only Thureus to carry the news. Hera urges the river to rise against the god, but the Bacchic army crosses it on rafts, skins, shields and horseback, while Dionysos drives his chariot over the surface.

Lines 23.76–161 · 786 words · click a number to copy its link
76καὶ φόνος ἄσπετος ἦεν· ἀναινομένῳ δὲ ῥεέθρῳ κτεινομένους ἐκάλυψε καὶ ἔπλετο τύμβος Ὑδάσπης. καί τις ἔσω ποταμοῖο πανυστατίην χέε φωνήν·

The carnage was infinite; Hydaspes covered the dead with his reluctant flood, and became their tomb. Then one within the river cried out his last reproach :

79καὶ σύ, πάτερ, προχοῇσι πόθεν σέο τέκνα καλύπτεις; 80πολλάκι Βάκτρον Ἄρηα μετήιον, ἀλλὰ ῥεέθροις οὔ ποτε Μῆδον ὅμιλον ἀπέκτανε Μῆδος Ἀράξης· Περσικὸς Εὐφρήτης οὐκ ἔκρυφε γείτονα Πέρσην· πολλάκι μοι παρὰ Ταῦρον ἔην μόθος, ἀλλʼ ἐνὶ χάρμῃ οὐ Κίλικάς ποτε Κύδνος ἑῷ τυμβεύσατο κόλπῳ 85οὐ Τάναϊς χιονῶδες ἄγων πετρούμενον ὕδωρ γείτονι Σαυρομάτῃ θωρήσσεται, ἀλλὰ κορύσσων Κόλχοις ἀντιβίοισι χαραδρήεσσαν Ἐνυὼ πολλάκι παχνήεντι κατεπρήνιξε βελέμνῳ. Ἠριδανὸς πέλε σεῖο μακάρτερος, ὅττι ῥεέθροις 90ἀλλοδαπὸν Φαέθοντα καὶ οὐκ ἔκρυψε πολίτην, οὐ Γαλάτην ἐκάλυψε καὶ οὐ τάφος ἔπλετο Κελτῷ, ἀλλὰ φίλοις ναέτῃσι ῥυηφενέων ἀπὸ δένδρων Ἡλιάδων ἤλεκτρα φεραυγέα δῶρα κυλίνδει· Ῥῆνος Ἴβηρ βρεφέεσσι κορύσσεται, ἀλλὰ δικάζων, 95καὶ κρυφίην ὠδῖνα διασχίζων τοκετοῖο κτείνει ξεῖνα γένεθλα· σὺ δὲ φθιμένων ναετήρων κρύπτεις γνήσια τέκνα καὶ οὐ νόθον αἷμα καλύπτεις. πῶς δύνασαι ποταμοῖσι μιγήμεναι ἠὲ καὶ αὐτῷ ὠκεανῷ γενέτῃ καὶ Τηθύι, σεῖο τεκούσῃ, 100αἱμαλέαις λιβάδεσσι φόνου πλημμυρίδα σύρων; ἅζεο, μὴ νεκύεσσι Ποσειδάωνα μιήνῃς. σεῖο ῥόος Βρομίοιο κακώτερος, ὅττί με θύρσοις οὐ κλονέει Διόνυσος, ὅσον κλονέεις με ῥεέθροις.

“You too, father! why do you drown your sons ? I have often made war against Bactrians, but Median Araxes never destroyed a Median army. Persian Euphrates never drowned his neighbours, the Persians. Often I have had war under the Tauros, but Cydnos never made his bosom the tomb of Cilicians in war. Tanais never arms icy petrified waters against the Sauromatans on his banks, but often attacked their enemies the Colchians with torrential war, and laid them low with his frozen armament. Eridanos was happier than you, in that he swallowed a foreigner, Phaéthon in his flood, not one of his own people; he drowned no Gaul, he entombed no Celt, but brings wealth from his trees to the friends who live near him as he rolls along the brilliant amber gifts of the Heliades. Iberian Rhine does indeed attack his own sons, but as a judge, when he marks off the illicit offspring of his race and kills the stranger-brat ; but you swallow up the lawful sons of your own perishing people—you drown no bastard blood. How dare you mingle with other rivers, with your Father Ocean himself and Tethys your mother, rolling down a flood of gore in bloody streams? Have some reverence, do not pollute Poseidon with dead bodies. Your river is worse than Bromios, his wands do not beat me so hard as your waves beat me!”’

104ὣς εἰπὼν βαρύποτμος ἐδέχνυτο λοίσθιον ὕδωρ.

As he spoke, he received the last water, which brought him unhappy fate,

105καὶ πλόος ἦν εὔοπλος· ἐκουφίζοντο δὲ λαοὶ οἰδαλέοις μελέεσσιν· ἀποφθιμένου δὲ φορῆος ἡμιφανὴς πλωτῆρι λόφῳ πορθμεύετο πήληξ δυομένη κατὰ βαιόν· ἐφαλλόμεναι δὲ ῥεέθροις ἐκταδὸν ἐν ῥοθίοισιν ἅτε πρυμνήσια νηῶν 110νηχομένους τελαμῶνας ἐναυτίλλοντο βοεῖαι, στοιχάδες ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα· βαρυνόμενον δὲ σιδήρῳ εἰς βυθὸν ὑγροχίτωνα κατέσπασεν ἀνέρα θώρηξ.

The river was full of armour. The swollen bodies were floating in crowds: the helmet under way half visible, sinking little by little and crest trailing on the water, its owner lost. Leathern shields sailed along flat, tossing upon the waves in rows here and there, their long slings afloat like ships’ hawsers. Here a man is dragged down to the depths in his soaking garments by the weight of his corselet and his arms.

113οὐδὲ μόθου Διόνυσος ἑοὺς ἀνέκοψε μαχητάς, εἰ μὴ πάντας ἔπεφνεν ἑῷ ταμεσίχροϊ θύρσῳ, 115καλλείψας ἕνα μοῦνον ὅλων κήρυκα θανόντων· Θουρέα μοῦνον ἔλειπε θεουδέα μάρτυρα νίκης.

Dionysos would never have recalled his men from the battle, if he had not killed that whole army with his fleshpiercing wand, leaving only one to tell the news that all were dead. Thureus alone he left to be a godfearing witness of the victory.

117Ἥρη δʼ ὡς ἐνόησε δαϊκταμένων φόνον Ἰνδῶν, οὐρανόθεν πεπότητο, διʼ ὑψιπόρου δὲ κελεύθου ἄστατος ἠνεμόεντι κατέγραφεν ἠέρα ταρσῷ. 120Ἀντολίῃ δʼ ἐπέβαινε, καὶ ἤλασεν Ἰνδὸν Ὑδάσπην φύλοπιν αἱματόεσσαν ἀναστῆσαι Διονύσῳ. ἀλλʼ ὅτε βαρβαρόφωνος Ἑώιος ὤκλασεν Ἄρης, δὴ τότε ναυτιλίης ἑτερότροπα μάγγανα τεύχων χεύμασιν ἀκλύστοισι χορὸς πορθμεύετο Βάκχων. 125καὶ θεὸς ἡγεμόνευε, διʼ οἴδματος ἡνιοχεύων ἅρμασι χερσαίοισι νόθον πλόον, ὑγροπόρων δὲ πορδαλίων ἀδίαντος ὄνυξ ἐχάραξεν Ὑδάσπην· καὶ στρατιαὶ πλόον εἶχον ἀκυμάντου ποταμοῖο, ὧν ὁ μὲν Ἰνδῴην σχεδίην πολύδεσμον ἐρέσσων, 130ὃς δέ, κυβερνήσας διερὴν ἀκάτοιο πορείην, ἐνδάπιον σκάφος εἶχε λινορραφέων ἁλιήων ἁρπάξας· ἕτερος δὲ νόθῳ ναυτίλλετο θεσμῷ, καὶ ξύλον αὐτόπρεμνον ὁμοίιον ὁλκάδι τεύχων, ἅμματι τεχνήεντι περίπλοκα δούρατα δήσας, 135ἔκτοθι πηδαλίου, δίχα λαίφεος, ἐκτὸς ἐρετμῶν, οὐ Βορέην καλέων νηοσσόον—ἰθυτενὲς γὰρ εἰς βυθίους κενεῶνας ὑποβρύχιον δόρυ πέμπων Ἄρεος ὑγροπόροιο δορυσσόος ἔπλεε ναύτης—, καὶ πλωτῆς ἀδίαντος ἐπʼ ἀσπίδος οἴδματα τέμνων, 140πεῖσμα φέρων τελαμῶνα, σακέσπαλον εἶχε πορείην, ξείνην ναυτιλίην ψευδήμονι νηὶ χαράσσων.

But when Hera perceived the carnage and devastation of the Indians, she flew from heaven, and quickly along the path on high scored the air with windswift sole. In Anatolia she alighted, and drove Indian Hydaspes to stir up bloody strife against Dionysos. bent the knee, then the company of Bacchoi was fashioning all sorts of machines of navigation and crossed the tranquil waves. The god led them in his landchariot, driving this makeshift vessel over the flood, while the panthers trod the water of Hydaspes without wetting a hoof. The armies made their voyage over a waveless river, one rowing a strong-bound Indian raft, one steering a skiff along the watery path, some native boat of networking fishermen which he had seized. Another played the mariner under strange pretences. He lashed together a number of logs with workmanlike knots, and made the timber roots and all serve as a freighter without rudder, without sail, without oars, asking no help from speed-the-ship Boreas—for he held his spear upright and plunged it under water into the deep pools : so navigated the spearpunting shipman of a watercrossing host. There was another new kind of navigation, and another sham boat, when one cut the waters, dry on a floating shield, with the sling for painter, and so pursued his shieldshaking course.

142καὶ στρατὸς ἱππήων ῥόον ἔστιχε, καὶ πλόος ἵππων ποσσὶν ἔην ῥαχίῃσιν ἀειρομένων ἐλατήρων· καὶ τότε νηχομένου διερὸν δρόμον εὔποδος ἵππου 145ἰξύι κουφίζοντος ὑπέρτερον ἡνιοχῆα ὑψιφανὴς ἀνέτελλε διʼ ὕδατος ἄβροχος αὐχήν.

The cavalry also marched into the river; the horses swam with their feet while the riders sat on their backs. As the horse swam a wet journey with his agile feet, only his neck rose high and dry out of the water as he carried the rider aloft upon his flanks.

147καὶ στρατὸς ἐγρεμόθων πρυλέων ἀκάτοιο χατίζων, ἀσκοῖς οἰδαλέοισι χέων ποιητὸν ἀήτην, δέρματι φυσαλέῳ διεμέτρεεν Ἰνδὸν Ὑδάσπην, 150ἐνδομύχων δʼ ἀνέμων ἐγκύμονες ἔπλεον ἀσκοί.

Next came the doughty footmen who had no boat. They filled swelling skins with artificial wind, and on these leathery bags crossed Indian Hydaspes, while the skins teeming with wind bore them along.

151αἰγείοις δὲ πόδεσσι διέτρεχε Παρράσιος Πὰν ἄκρα γαληναίοιο διαστείχων ποταμοῖο· καὶ Λύκος ἡνιόχευε θαλασσαίων δρόμον ἵππων πατρῴην ἀδίαντον ἄγων τέθριππον ἀπήνην· 155καὶ γνωτῷ περόωντι συνέστιχε Δαμναμενῆι Σκέλμις ἀκυμάντοιο καθιππεύων ποταμοῖο. ἄλλος ὑπὲρ νώτοιο θορὼν ὁμόφοιτον ἀέλλαις εἰς πλόον ἡνιόχευε καλαύροπι ταῦρον ὁδίτην, καὶ βοέοις ὀνύχεσσι κατέγραφεν ἄψοφον ὕδωρ· 160Σειληνοὶ δὲ γέροντες ἐναυτίλλοντο θαλάσσῃ καὶ ποσὶ καὶ παλάμῃσιν ἐρετμώσαντες Ὑδάσπην . . .

Now Parrhasian Pan crossed the surface of the calm river on his goat’s feet; Lycos guided the horses of the sea in his father’s fourhorse chariot unwetted ; and Scelmis drove across the waveless river along with Damnameneus his brother. Some one else leapt on the back of a bull and made him march into the river quick as the wind, guiding him on his way with his crook, as the beast scored the quiet water with his hooves. The old Seilenoi went voyaging on the deep paddling Hydaspes with foot and hand.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.