Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 21.0–89: Book 21: Ambrosia becomes a vine and binds Lycurgos

Lycurgos attacks again, and the nymph Ambrosia, one of the nurses of Dionysos, is taken into the earth and turns into a vine that coils round his neck. Ares fears for his son but gives way to Zeus' thunder, and the Bacchant women, among them Polyxo, Cleite and Phasyleia, beat and scratch the helpless king.

Lines 21.0–89 · 880 words · click a number to copy its link
0εἰκοστὸν πρώτιστον ἔχει χόλον ἐννοσιγαίου καὶ μόθον Ἀμβροσίης ῥηξήνορα καὶ λόχον Ἰνδῶν.

The twenty-first contains Earthshaker’s wrath, and the man-breaking battle of Ambrosia, and the Indian ambush.

1οὐδὲ Δρυαντιάδης προτέρης ἐπελήσατο χάρμης· ἀλλὰ λαβὼν βουπλῆγα τὸ δεύτερον ἔνδοθι λόχμης . . . ἔθνεα Βασσαρίδων διζήμενος. Ἀμβροσίῃ δὲ δῶκε μένος καὶ θάρσος ἀρειμανὲς οὐράνιος Ζεύς, 5ἣ τότε βακχευθεῖσα κατάσχετος οἴδματι λύσσης μάρμαρον ἠέρταζε, καταιχμάζουσα Λυκούργου, καὶ βριαρὴν τρυφάλειαν ἀπεστυφέλιξε κομάων. αὐτὰρ ὁ θαρσήεις ἐπεμάρνατο μείζονι πέτρῳ τρηχαλέῳ, καὶ στέρνα βοώπιδος ἤλασε Νύμφης· 10οὐδέ μιν ἐπρήνιξε, χόλῳ δʼ ἀνενείκατο φωνήν· Ἆρες, ἄναξ πολέμοιο, πάτερ κρατεροῖο Λυκούργου, αἰδόμενος σκοπίαζε τεὸν γόνον ἀντὶ Λυαίου οὐτιδανὴν ἀσίδηρον ὀιστεύοντα γυναῖκα. πόντος ἐμὸν βουπλῆγα βιάζεται· ἐν ῥοθίοις γὰρ 15κρύπτετο μὲν Διόνυσος, ἐγὼ δʼ ἄπρηκτος ὁδεύων ἵξομαι εἰς ἐμὸν ἄστυ, πόνον δʼ ἀτέλεστον ἀνήσω.

Nor did Dryas’ son forget the first combat. He seized the poleaxe, and a second time went in search of the troops of Bassarids in the forest. But heavenly Zeus gave courage and warlike boldness to Ambrosia, and then possessed of a wave of wild madness she raised a stone and hurled it at Lycurgos, knocking off the ponderous helmet from his locks. But he boldly attacked with a larger stone all jagged, and drove at the chest of the soft-eyed nymph. He did not overthrow her however, and he cried out in rage— “Ares, lord of war, father of strong Lycurgos ! Can you see without shame your son attacking a weak unarmed woman, instead of Lyaios? The sea is too strong for my poleaxe, for Dionysos was hidden in the waves; I have had my journey in vain, and I will return to my own city, and leave my task unfinished.”

17ἔννεπεν· Ἀμβροσίην δὲ μέσην γυιαλκέι δεσμῷ χειρὶ λαβὼν ἐπίεζε· καὶ ἤθελε δεσμὰ καθάψαι, οἷα δορικτήτην μετανάστιον εἰς δόμον ἕλκων, 20παιδοκόμον Βρομίοιο φέρων θιασώδεα Νύμφην, ἀμφιτόμῳ βουπλῆγι μετάφρενα δούλια νύσσων. οὐ δέ μιν ἱσταμένην ἀνεσείρασεν, οὐδέ ἑ λύθρῳ ἀρτιχύτῳ φοίνιξεν ἀρασσομένοιο καρήνου· ἀλλὰ φύγε θρασὺν ἄνδρα καὶ εὔξατο μητέρι Γαίῃ 25Ἀμβροσίη κροκόπεπλος, ὅπως Λυκόοργον ἀλύξῃ. γαῖα δὲ καρποτόκεια πετασσαμένη κενεῶνα ἀμφίπολον Βρομίοιο φιλήτορι δέξατο κόλπῳ Ἀμβροσίην ζώουσαν· ἀιστωθεῖσα δὲ Νύμφη εἰς φυτὸν εἶδος ἄμειψε καὶ ἀμπελόεις πέλεν ὄρπηξ· 30σειρὴν δʼ αὐτοέλικτον ἐπιπλέξασα Λυκούργου ἀγχονίῳ σφήκωσεν ὁμόζυγον αὐχένα δεσμῷ, μαρναμένη μετὰ θύρσον ἀπειλητῆρι κορύμβῳ.

He spoke, and seizing Ambrosia round the waist he held her fast in his limb-compressing hands ; he wished to throw her into bonds and to drag her to his house like a captive foreigner, to drive off a nymph from the company of Bromios’s nurses, pricking her slave’s back with the doubleheaded poleaxe. But she stood, and he could not drag her away, nor could he smash her skull in a mess of blood. Saffronrobe Ambrosia fled the bold man and prayed to Mother Earth to save her from Lycurgos. And the Earth, mother of all fruits, opened a gulf, and received Ambrosia the nurse of Bromios alive in a loving embrace. The nymph disappeared and changed her shape to a plant—she became a vine-shoot, which of itself coiled its winding cord round the neck of Lycurgos and throttled him with a tight noose, battling now with threatening clusters as once with the thyrsus.

33καὶ φυτὸν αὐδῆεν ζαμενὴς ποιήσατο Ῥείη ἡμερίδων βασιλῆι χαριζομένη Διονύσῳ· 35Ἀμβροσίη δʼ ὀλόλυξε καὶ ἔμπνοον ἴαχε φωνήν·

Rheia indignant gave a voice to the plant, that she might show her favour to Dionysos king of gardenvines; so Ambrosia uttered breathing voice and shrilled high and loud :

36οὐδέ, φυτόν περ ἐοῦσα, τεήν ποτε δῆριν ἀλύξω, σὸν δέμας οὐτήσω καὶ ἐν ἔρνεσιν, ἀντὶ δὲ σειρῆς χαλκείης ἀλύτοις σε περισφίγξαιμι πετήλοις· εἰς σὲ καὶ ἀμπελόεσσα κορύσσομαι, ὄφρά τις εἴπῃ· 40Βασσαρίδες κτείνουσι καὶ ἐν πετάλοισι φονῆας. φυταλιὰς πεφύλαξο μαχήμονας· ἀντιβίους γὰρ ἡμερίδες βάλλουσι καὶ αἰχμάζουσιν ὀπῶραι. σοὶ μαχόμην ζώουσα καὶ ὀλλυμένη σε δαμάσσω· οὕτω ἀριστεύουσι Διωνύσοιο τιθῆναι. 45ἔκλυες εἰναλίην ἐχενηίδα, πῶς ἐνὶ πόντῳ ἰχθὺς βαιὸς ἄναλκις ἐπέχραε πολλάκι ναύταις ἂψ ἀνασειράζων, ὀλίγῳ δʼ ὑπὸ χάσματι λαιμοῦ μηκεδανὴν ἀνέκοψε κατάσχετον ὁλκάδα δεσμῷ; δέξο με χερσαίην ἐχενηίδα, δέξο πετήλων 50αὐτοπέδην ἀσίδηρον ἐρισταφύλοιο κυδοιμοῦ. μίμνε μοι, αὐτόθι μίμνε δεδεγμένος υἷα Θυώνης, εἰσόκε νοστήσειε θαλασσαίων ἀπὸ κόλπων.

“Never will I cease to fight with you, plant though I am! Even as one of the world of plants I will wound you! I have no brazen chain, but I will choke you with inextricable leaves! I will attack you although a vine, that people may say—‘Bassarids kill murderers, even when they are part of the world of leaves!’ You have to fear even vegetable warriors, for vines can shoot their enemies, and grapes can stab them! I fought you alive, and dead I will vanquish you. See how the nurses of Dionysos play the heroes! Have you heard of the seafish called holdtheship, how in the sea a little weak creature has often attacked a crew, pulls back their vessels, and with a small gaping mouth holds up a long freightship firm and fast? Here I am, your holdtheship on land! Here are my leaves, with a selfacting fetter not made of steel, for the battle of the valiant vine! Stand, I say, stand and wait for the son of Thyone, when he shall return from the bosom of the sea!”

53τοῖα μὲν ἀμπελόεσσα κορυμβοφόρῳ φάτο φωνῇ Ἀμβροσίη τανύφυλλος, ἀρασσομένοιο Λυκούργου· 55καὶ ,χλοεροῖς δεσμοῖσι κατάσχετος ἄγριος ἀνὴρ ἀρραγέων ἀτίνακτος ἀλυκτοπέδῃσι πετήλων ἀμφιπαγὴς ἀλάλαζεν ἀπειλείων Διονύσῳ· οὐδὲ φυγεῖν σθένος εἶχε, μάτην δʼ ἐτίνασσεν ἀνάγκῃ οὐτιδαναῖς ἑλίκεσσι περίπλοκον ἀνθερεῶνα· 60οὐδὲ διʼ ἀσφαράγοιο μέση πορθμεύετο φωνὴ θλιβομένου στεφανηδόν· ἐκυκλώσαντο δὲ Βάκχαι αὐχένα μιτρωθέντα μέσον πνικτῆρι κορύμβῳ.

So cried Ambrosia out of the vine with her grapy voice, whipping Lycurgos with her long foliage ; and the wild man caught in the fresh green bonds, immovable, smothered all round in the galling fetters of leaves which he could not tear, roared defiance against Dionysos. He had no strength to escape ; in vain he shook his throat wound about with the tiny tendrils in strong constraint. His voice could find no ferry through the gullet throttled with wreathing growths. The Bacchant women thronged round him, his neck confined in the middle of the stifling clusters.

63καὶ πέλεκυν δασπλῆτα δορυσσόος ἥρπασεν Ἄρης παιδὸς ἑοῦ· Βρομίην γὰρ ἐδείδιε λυσσάδα Βάκχην, 65μὴ φονίῳ βουπλῆγι δέμας πλήξειε Λυκούργου· οὐδὲ Δρυαντιάδην χλοερῶν ἀπελύσατο δεσμῶν, καὶ μάλα περ ποθέων, στεροπῇ δʼ ὑπόειξε τοκῆος δοῦπον ἀπειλητῆρα Διὸς βρονταῖον ἀκούων.

Spearmaster Ares caught up his son’s frightful axe; for he feared that the mad Bacchants might strike the body of Lycurgos with that bloody poleaxe; but he did not release Dryas’ son from the leafy bonds, much as he desired to do it—he gave way on hearing the threatening sound of Zeus’s thunder, and at the flash of his father’s lightning.

69καὶ δολιχὴν προθέλυμνον ἐπιπροχυθεῖσα καρήνῳ 70ἀνδρὸς ἀμαιμακέτοιο κόμην ὤλοψε Πολυξώ· γαστέρι δʼ ἀντιβίου μανιώδεα χεῖρα βαλοῦσα, ἁπτομένη θώρηκος, ἀνέσπασεν ἅρπαγι παλμῷ, χωομένη δʼ ἔρρηξε—μαχήμονες, εἴπατε, Μοῦσαι, οἷον ἔην τότε θαῦμα δαϊζομένοιο χιτῶνος 75θηλυτέροις ὀνύχεσσι, σιδηρείου περ ἐόντος—· καὶ ταναοῖς πλέξασα λύγοις ἑλικώδεα σειρὴν Κλείτη λυσιέθειρα καὶ ἀμπελόεσσα Γιγαρτὼ εὐπετάλῳ μάστιγι δέμας φοίνιξε Λυκούργου αἱμαλέῃ σμώδιγγι χαρασσομένων ἐπὶ νώτων· 80Φλειὼ δʼ εὐρυτέρῃσι κατέγραφε ταρσὸν ἀκάνθαις αἰνομανής· Ἐρίφη δὲ συνέμπορος Εἰραφιώτῃ δραξαμένη μέσσοιο δασύτριχος ἀνθερεῶνος ἄνδρα βαλεῖν μενέαινεν ἐπὶ χθονί· μαρναμένη δὲ Βακχείης Φασύλεια κυβερνήτειρα χορείης 85δυσμενέος κενεῶνα κατέγραφεν ὀξέι κέντρῳ· καὶ Θεόπη κεκόρυστο, τιθηνήτειρα Λυαίου, ῥινοτόρῳ νάρθηκι· δέμας δʼ ἤρασσε Λυκούργου καὶ Βρομίη Βρομίοιο φερώνυμος· αἷς ἅμα Νύμφη Κισσηὶς φιλόβοτρυς ἐμάστιεν ἀνέρα κισσῷ.

Polyxo threw herself upon the head of the raving man, and tore out long locks of hair by the roots. She laid a furious hand on the belly of her foe, seized the corselet, wrenched it off with predatory force, burst it in her rage—declare, O warrior Muses ! what a wonder that a woman’s nails should tear apart this gear, made of steel though it was ! —Cleite with hair flowing free had plaited a twining rope of withies, and Gigarto of the vines, with the whip of twigs, scored the body of Lycurgos with red bleeding weals over the torn shoulders. Phleio scratched the sole of his foot with bunches of thorns, maddened dreadfully. Eriphe the companion of Eiraphiotes clutched at the man’s hairy throat, with a mind to throw him back on the ground. Phasyleia the leader of the Bacchanal dance, fought and scratched the enemy’s flank with a sharp spike. Theope Lyaios’s nurse armed herself with a skin-tearing fennel. Bromié, who bore the name of Bromios, also beat the body of Lycurgos ; and with them Cisseis, that grapeloving nymph, flogged the man with ivy.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Dionysiaca Book 21, lines 0–89: Ambrosia becomes a vine and…