Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 19.158–262: Book 19: Seilenos and Maron contend for the golden bowl

Maron and Seilenos rise to dance for the great bowl. Maron addresses the spirit of Staphylos and mimes the cupbearing of Hebe and Ganymede to the gods. Seilenos mimes a contest between Dionysos and Aristaios, in which the gods judge Dionysos' wine better than Aristaios' honey drink.

Lines 19.158–262 · 1038 words · click a number to copy its link
158τοῖον ἔπος φαμένου κερόεις Σειληνὸς ἀνίστη, καὶ τριγέρων βαρύθοντι Μάρων ἀνεπήλατο ταρσῷ 160χρύσεον ἀστράπτοντα μέγαν κρητῆρα δοκεύων, οὐχ ὅτι χρύσεος ἦεν ὑπέρτερος, ἀλλʼ ὅτι μοῦνον εἶχεν ἐυρραθάμιγγα παλαίτατον ὄγκον ἐέρσης ἄκρου χείλεος ἄχρις· ἔρως δέ μιν ἡδέος οἴνου θῆκε νέον, πολιὴν δὲ βιήσατο Βακχιὰς ὀδμή· 165καὶ πόδας ἀμφελέλιζεν ἑῆς πειρώμενος ἀλκῆς, μὴ βαρὺ γῆρας ἔπαυσε λελασμένα γυῖα χορείης. καὶ ψυχὴν Σταφύλοιο γέρων μειλίξατο φωνῇ, νηφάλιον λασίῳ προχέων ἔπος ἀνθερεῶνι·

When he had ended his speech, up rose horned Seilenos, and antediluvian Maron got up on heavy foot, with his eyes on the great mixer of shining gold : not because the golden was the better, but because this alone contained the oldest wine and the finest stuff, filling it to the brim. His passion for this lovely wine made him young again, and the Bacchic aroma was too much for his gray hair. He twirled his feet round testing his strength, to see if heavy old age had made his limbs forget how to dance. The old man tried to appease the soul of Staphylos by the words that poured sober enough out of his shaggy beard :

169εἰμὶ Μάρων, συνάεθλος ἀπενθήτοιο Λυαίου· 170δακρυχέειν οὐκ οἶδα· τί δάκρυσι καὶ Διονύσῳ; κύκλα ποδῶν ἐμὰ δῶρα ταφήια σῷ παρὰ τύμβῳ· δέξό με μειδιόωντα· Μάρων οὐκ οἶδε μερίμνας, οὐ γόον οἶδε Μάρων, οὐ πενθάδος ὄγκον ἀνίης· ἱμερόεις πέλε λάτρις ἀπενθήτου Διονύσου. 175ἵλαθι σεῖο Μάρωνι, καὶ εἰ πίες ὕδατα Λήθης, δὸς χάριν, ὄφρα πίοιμι παλαιγενέος χύσιν οἴνου, Σειληνὸς δὲ νέης πιέτω νέον ὄγκον ὀπώρης.

“I am Maron, comrade of Lyaios who cannot mourn. I know not how to shed tears; what have tears to do with Dionysos? Reels and jigs are the gifts I offer at your tomb. Accept me smiling : Maron knows no cares, Maron knows not groans, nor the burden of melancholy sorrow. He is the lovely lackey of Dionysos who cannot mourn. Be gracious to your Maron, even if you have drunk the water of Lethe! Grant me this boon, that I may drink that store of old wine, and let Seilenos drink the new stuff of a new vintage !

178καὶ Σταφύλῳ μετὰ πότμον, ἅτε ζώοντι, χορεύσω, ὅττι χορὸν προβέβουλα φιλοκνίσοιο τραπέζης· 180σοί, Στάφυλε, ζώοντι καὶ οὐ πνείοντι χορεύω κῶμον ἀνακρούων ἐπιτύμβιον· εἰμὶ δὲ Βάκχου, οὐ θεράπων Φοίβοιο, καὶ οὐ μάθον αἴλινα μέλπειν, οἷα παρὰ Κρήτεσσιν ἄναξ ἐλίγαινεν Ἀπόλλων δακρυχέων ἐρατεινὸν Ἀτύμνιον· Ἡλιάδων δὲ 185ξεῖνος ἐγὼ γενόμην, ἀλλότριος Ἠριδανοῖο εἰμί, νόθος Φαέθοντος ὀλωλότος ἡνιοχῆος· οὐ Σπάρτης ναέτης, οὐ πένθιμον ἄνθος ἀείρω σείων ἁβρὰ πέτηλα φιλοκλαύτων ὑακίνθων.

“I will dance for Staphylos after death, as if he were living, for I rate the dance above the steamloving table. For you I dance, Staphylos, both living and not breathing, and strike up a funeral revel. I am a servant of Bacchos, not of Phoibos, and I never learnt to sing dirges, such as Lord Apollo sang in Crete shedding tears for Atymnios the beloved. I am a stranger to the Heliads. I am alien to Eridanos, not connected with Phaéthon the charioteer who perished; I am no burgher of Sparta, I wear not the mourning flowers or shake the dainty petals of the lamenting iris.

189σήμερον, εἰ Μίνωι παρήμενος ἶσα δικάζεις, 190εἴτε καὶ ἀνθεμόεσσαν ἔχεις Ῥαδαμάνθυος αὐλήν, Ἠλυσίου λειμῶνος ἐν ἄλσεσιν ἁβρὸν ὁδεύων, κέκλυθι σεῖο Μάρωνος· ἐγὼ δέ σοι ἀντὶ κυπέλλων ἀσπόνδοις στομάτεσσιν ἐρεύγομαι ἔμφρονα λοιβήν· ἵλαθι σεῖο Μάρωνι, δίδου δέ μοι οἴνοπα νίκην, 195νίκην πασιμέλουσαν· ἐγὼ δέ σοι ὑψόθι τύμβου σπείσω ἐμῶν χρυσέων πρωτάγρια καλὰ κυπέλλων ἀρχόμενος κρητῆρος ἐμῆς μετʼ ἀέθλια νίκης.

“To-day, if you sit by the side of Minos as an equal judge, or if you possess the flowery court of Rhadamanthys, and pick your dainty way in the groves and meadows of Elysium, listen to your Maron: instead of cups, without libation, I mouth out for you a drinkoffering fullofsense. Be gracious to your Maron, and grant me a victory of wine, the victory to be famous among all! Then I will pour over your tomb the first spoils of my golden cups, the first lovely drops from the bowl after I win my prize for victory!”

198ὣς εἰπὼν ἐχόρευε Μάρων ἑλικώδεϊ ταρσῷ, δεξιὸν ἐκ λαιοῖο μετήλυδα ταρσὸν ἀμείβων, 200σιγὴν ποικιλόμυθον ἀναυδέι χειρὶ χαράσσων· ὀφθαλμοὺς δʼ ἐλέλιζεν ἀλήμονας, εἰκόνα μύθων, νεύματι τεχνήεντι νοήμονα ῥυθμὸν ὑφαίνων· καὶ κεφαλὴν ἐτίνασσε καὶ ἤθελε βόστρυχα σείειν, εἰ μὴ γυμνὰ μέτωπα λιπότριχος εἶχε καρήνου. 205οὐδὲ μέν, οἷα γέρων Τιτήνιον αἷμα κομίζων, ἔγραφε φωνήεντι τύπῳ Τιτηνίδα φύτλην, οὐ Κρόνον ἠὲ Φάνητα παλαίτερον, οὐδὲ γενέθλην ἠελίου Τιτῆνος ὁμόχρονον ἥλικι κόσμῳ· ἀλλὰ λιπὼν ξύμπαντα καὶ ἀρχαίης χύσιν ὕλης 210οἰνοχόον Κρονίδαο σοφῇ ποίκιλλε σιωπῇ Ζηνὶ δέπας τανύοντα καὶ ἀθανάτων χορὸν ἄλλων αἰὲν ἐπασσυτέροισιν ἐυφραίνοντα κυπέλλοις, ἢ ζαθέην προχέοντα κατὰ κρητῆρος ἐέρσην· ἦν δέ οἱ ἁρμονίη γλυκερὸν ποτόν· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴν 215νέκταρ ἀρυομένην ὠρχήσατο παρθένον Ἥβην· εἰς Σατύρους δʼ ὁρόων Γανυμήδεος ἔγραφε μορφὴν χερσὶν ἀφωνήτοισι, καὶ ὁππότε δέρκετο Βάκχας, Ἥβην χρυσοπέδιλον ἐχέφρονι δείκνυε σιγῇ.

So saying, Maron danced with winding step, passing the changes right over left, and figuring a silent eloquence of hand inaudible. He moved his eyes about as a picture of the story, he wove a rhythm full of meaning with gestures full of art. He shook his head and would have tossed his hair, but hair he had none ; both head and face were bare. He did not what an old man of Titan blood might have done, show the Titan race in his speaking picture, not Cronos or Phanes more primeval still, nor the breed of Titan Helios as old as the universe itself: no, he left all the confusion of that ancient stuff—he depicted with wordless art the cupbearer of Cronides offering the goblet to Zeus, or pouring the dew divine to fill up the bowl, and the other immortals in company ever enjoying cup after cup. His poet’s theme was the sweet potion. Aye, he danced also the maiden Hebe herself drawing the nectar ; when he looked at the Satyrs, with voiceless hands he acted Ganymedes, or when he saw the Bacchant women, he showed them goldenshoe Hebe in a picture having sense without words.

219τοῖα Μάρων ἐχάρασσε πολύτροπα δάκτυλα πάλλων, 220καὶ ποδὸς εὐρύθμοιο σοφὴν ἀνεσείρασεν ὁρμήν, ἀσταθέος τελέσας πολυκαμπέα μέτρα χορείης. ἵστατο δὲ τρομέων, δεδοκημένος ὄμματι λοξῷ, τίς τίνα νικήσειε, τίς εἰς ἑὸν οἶκον ἱκάνοι μείζονα καὶ πλήθοντα μέθης κρητῆρα κομίζων.

So Maron sketched his designs in pantomime gestures, lifting rhythmic feet with the motions of an artist, as he trod the winding measures of his unresting dance. Then he stood still trembling, and watched with shifty eye who should beat whom, who would go home with the larger bowl full of wine.

225Σειληνὸς δʼ ἐχόρευε· πολυστρέπτοιο δὲ τέχνης σύμβολα τεχνήεντα κατέγραφε σιγαλέη χείρ. καὶ παλάμαις τότε τοῖος ἔην τύπος, ὥς ποτε πολλὴ υἱέι Κυρήνης ἔρις ἔμπεσε καὶ Διονύσῳ ἀμφὶ πότου, μάκαρες δὲ συνήιον· οὐ τότε πυγμή. 230οὐ δρόμος, οὐ τότε δίσκος ἀέθλια· παιδὶ δὲ Φοίβου ὄργανα κεῖτο κύπελλα μεμηλότα καὶ Διονύσῳ καὶ δίδυμοι κρητῆρες, ὁ μὲν χρονίου χύσιν οἴνου, ὃς δὲ φέρων νέα δῶρα φιλοπτόρθοιο μελίσσης· καὶ Κρονίδης ἐκάθητο δικασπόλος, ἀθλοφόροις δὲ 235ἁβρὸς ἀγὼν τετάνυστο μελισταγέος περὶ νίκης· ὄργανα κεῖτο κύπελλα· καί, ὡς χρυσόπτερος Ἑρμῆς, αὐτὸς Ἔρως ἐρόεις ἐναγώνιος εἰς μέσον ἔστη, χειρὶ μιῇ καὶ κισσὸν ἔχων καὶ θαλλὸν ἐλαίης, Βάκχῳ κίσσινον ἄνθος, Ἀρισταίῳ δὲ προτείνων 240στέμμασι Πισαίοισιν ἐοικότα θαλλὸν ἐλαίης, Παλλάδος ἁγνὸν ἄγαλμα. μελικρήτῳ δὲ κυπέλλῳ

Now Seilenos danced : his hand without speech traced the cues of his art in all their intricate mazes. This is what he acted with gesturing hands: how once a great quarrel arose between Cyrene’s son and Dionysos over their cups, and the Blessed gathered together. There was no boxing, no running, no quoit in that contest: cups were the well-used tools ready for Phoibos’s son and Dionysos, and a couple of mixingbowls, one containing old wine, one with the gift of the sprigloving bee all fresh. Cronides sat in the seat of judgement. The competitors had before them a luscious match for a honeydrop victory ; cups were the tools; and like another Hermes with golden wings, lovely Eros himself came forward to preside in the ring, holding in one hand both ivy and an olive-branch. He offered to Bacchos the flowering ivy, to Aristaios the olive-branch like the garlands of Pisa, the holy ornament of Pallas.

242πρῶτος Ἀρισταῖος κεράσας ὠδῖνα μελίσσης ὤρεγεν ἀθανάτοισι σοφὸν ποτόν, ἄλλον ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ εὐφραίνων, καὶ ἔνειμε δέπας στοιχηδὸν ἑκάστῳ· 245τοῖσι μὲν ἀρχομένοισιν ἐυρραθάμιγγος ἐέρσης ὀξύτατος κόρος ἔσκεν, ἀρυομένων δὲ κυπέλλων τὸ τρίτον ἠρνήσαντο, καὶ οὐχ ἥψαντο τετάρτου, καὶ μέλιτος μέμψαντο ταχὺν κόρον· ἡδυπότου δὲ ἁβροχίτων Διόνυσος ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ἀφύσσων 250κούφισε δισσὰ κύπελλα καὶ ὤρεγε δίζυγι παλμῷ τὸ πρῶτον Κρονίδῃ, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὤπασεν Ἥρῃ, πατροκασιγνήτῳ τρίτατον δέπας ἐννοσιγαίῳ· ἑξείης δʼ ἅμα πᾶσι θεοῖς καὶ Ζηνὶ τοκῆι τερπομένοις ἐκέρασσε, κατηφιόωντι δὲ μούνῳ 255μειδιόων ἐτίταινε δέπας ζηλήμονι Φοίβῳ· οἱ δὲ πολυσπερέεσσι νόον θέλγοντο κυπέλλοις, διψαλέοι δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀεὶ γίνοντο πιόντες, καὶ πάλιν ᾔτεον ἄλλο, καὶ οὐ κόρος ἔσκε κυπέλλων. ἀθάνατοι δʼ ὀλόλυξαν, ἐπετρέψαντο δὲ Βάκχῳ 260οἰνάδος ἡδυπότοιο φέρειν πρεσβήια νίκης· καὶ μεθύων ἀκίχητος Ἔρως, ὀχετηγὸς ἀγῶνος, κισσῷ βοτρυόεντι κόμην ἔστεψε Λυαίου.

First Aristaios made his mixture with the travail of the bee, and offered the immortals his mingled honey in the cup, a potion cleverly compounded ; he passed the goblet to each in turn one after another, and made their hearts glad. But after a first taste of the bubbling liquid, surfeit came at once: a third cup was filled and declined, and they would not touch a fourth. They found fault with the honey for this quick surfeit. Then richly-clad Dionysos drew from his mixer, full of sweet drink, lifted two cups and offered one with each hand, the first to Cronides, the second to Hera, then a third goblet to Earthshaker his father’s brother. Then he mixed for the gods one and all with Father Zeus; they were all delighted, except disconsolate Phoibos alone, who was jealous, and the god smiled as he handed him the goblet. They enchanted their minds with cups in great abundance ; drinking made them thirstier than before, they asked again for more, and could not get enough. Then the immortals loudly cheered, and gave Bacchos the chief prize for his delicious potion of wine. And Eros the ever-out-of-reach, the conductor of the game, drunken himself, crowned the hair of Lyaios with a vine-and-ivy garland.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.