Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 25.194–270: Book 25: Heracles compared; the poet turns back to the war

The poet measures the labours of Heracles (the Lernaean hydra, the deer, the Cretan bull, Geryon and the rest) against the exploits of Dionysos and finds them small. He asks Homer's pardon, says he will not compare Dionysos with Achilles, and prays for inspiration to return to the Indian war.

Lines 25.194–270 · 767 words · click a number to copy its link
194οἶδα καὶ Ἀρκάδα κάπρον ὀρίδρομον· ἀλλὰ Λυαίῳ 195παίγνια κουρίζοντι σύες καὶ φῦλα λεόντων.

I know also the boar of the Arcadian mountains ; but for Lyaios, boars and the brood of lions were the playthings of childhood.

196τί πλέον Ἡρακλέης θρασὺς ἤνυσεν, εἴ τινα πηγὴν πολλὰ καμὼν ὀλίγην ὀφιώδεα λύσατο Λέρνην, τέμνων αὐτοτέλεστα θαλύσια φωλάδος ὕδρης φυταλίην πολύδειρον ἀνασταχύοντα δρακόντων; 200αἴθε δὲ μοῦνος ἔπεφνε, καὶ οὐκ ἐκάλεσσε μογήσας ἀρτιφύτων Ἰόλαον ἀλοιητῆρα καρήνων, δαλὸν ἀερτάζοντα σελασφόρον, εἰσόκεν ἄμφω θῆλυν ὄφιν πρήνιξαν, ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ οἶδα γεραίρειν οὐτιδανῇ δύο φῶτας ἐριδμαίνοντας ἐχίδνῃ· 205εἷς πόνος ἀμφοτέροισι μερίζετο· θυρσοφόρος δὲ μοῦνος ἀποτμήξας ὀφιώδεας υἷας Ἀρούρης Εὔιος ἔχραε πᾶσι, Διὸς πρόμος, ὧν ὑπὲρ ὥμων ἀμφιλαφεῖς ἑκάτερθεν ἀμοιβάδες ἔρρεον ὕδραι, ὕδρης Ἰναχίης πολὺ μείζονες, ἀντὶ δὲ Λέρνης 210ἀσταθέες σύριζον ἐν αἰθέρι γείτονες ἄστρων. ἱλήκοις, Ἰόλαε· σὺ γὰρ δέμας ἔφλεγες ὕδρης, καὶ μόνος Ἡρακλέης, μόνος ἥρπασεν οὔνομα νίκης.

What good did bold Heracles do, if he took all that trouble to liberate some little snaky brook like Lerna, by cutting down the selfgrowing firstfruits of the lurking serpent, as that plentiful crop of snake-heads grew spiking up? If only he had done the killing alone! instead of calling in his distress for Iolaos, to destroy the heads as they grew afresh, by lifting a burning torch, until the two together managed to get the better of one female serpent. I do not see how to praise two fellows fighting with a miserable viper, and one job divided between two. But Euios wand in hand cut down the snaky sons of Earth alone—that champion of Zeus! attacked them all, with huge serpents flowing over their shoulders equally on both sides much bigger than the Inachian snake, while they went hissing restlessly about among the stars of heaven, not in the pool of Lerna. Forgive me Iolaos, for you burnt the hydra’s body, and Heracles, only Heracles, grabbed the name of victory.

213οὐ Νεμέην ἐλάχειαν ἐμὸς πρόμος, οὔ τινα Λέρνην Βάκχος ἀνεζώγρησε πολυσφαράγων ἀπὸ λαιμῶν, 215θάμνον ἐχιδνήεντα ταμὼν παλιναυξέος ὕδρης, ἀλλὰ Νότον καὶ ταρσὰ Βορήια καὶ πτερὸν Εὕρου καὶ Ζέφυρον κήρυκα φέρων τετράζυγι νίκῃ ὠκεανόν, χθόνα, πόντον ἑῶν ἔπλησεν ἀέθλων. εἰ κλέος ἀνδρὶ φέρουσι δράκων, εἰ φωλάδες ὕδραι, 220Βάκχου στέμματα ταῦτα λεχώια, ταῦτα Λυαίου φρικτὰ δρακοντείων ὀφιώδεα δεσμὰ κομάων, ἐξ ὅτε πατρὸς ἔλειπε τελεσσιγόνου πτύχα μηροῦ.

No humble Nemea Bacchos my champion saved from loud-roaring throats, no paltry Lerna,; by cutting down a bush of heads which ever grew again on so many necks ; he took for heralds of his fourfold victory West Wind and South Wind, the feet of the North and the wing of the East, and filled Ocean, land and sea with his exploits. If a serpent brings fame to a man, if lurking snakes, these are the birthday garlands of Bacchos, these are the terrible serpentine fillets of his snaky hair, ever since he left the teeming fold of his father’s thigh.

223Σιγήσω κεμάδος χρύσεον κέρας, οὔ τι χαλέψω τηλίκον Ἡρακλῆα μιῆς ἐλάφοιο φονῆα· 225μὴ τρομερῆς ἐλάφου μιμνήσκεο· νεβροφόνῳ γὰρ θυιάδι βαιὸν ἄθυρμα πέλει κεμαδοσσόος ἄγρη.

I will say nothing of the pricket with golden horns ; I will not disparage great Heracles as the slayer of a single deer. Forget the timid deer: for killing of fawns and hunting of prickets is a only little play for the Bacchant woman.

227Κνώσσιον Ἡρακλῆος ἔα πόνον· οἰστρομανῆ γὰρ οὐκ ἄγαμαί τινα ταῦρον, ὃν ἤλασεν, ὅττι τινάσσων τοσσατίην κορύνην ὀλίγην ἔτμηξε κεραίην· 230πολλάκι τοῦτο τέλεσσε γυνὴ μία, πολλάκι Βάκχη ἄσπετον εὐκεράων ἀγέλην δαιτρεύσατο ταύρων, οὐτιδανὴ θεράπαινα βοοκραίρου Διονύσου· θηγαλέην δʼ ἐπίκυρτον ἀνειρύσσασα κεραίην πολλάκις, εἰ κεράεσσιν ἐμάρνατο μαινόμενος βοῦς, 235εἰς γόνυ ταῦρον ἔκαμψεν, ἀκοντιστῆρα λεόντων.

Let pass the Cnossian labour of Heracles. I cannot admire just a mad bull which he chased, and how shaking that great club he knocked off a little horn. One woman alone has often done as much ; and a Bacchant woman, the least of the servants of oxhorn Dionysos, has often butchered a vast herd of horned bulls. Often if a mad ox showed fight with his horns, she has pulled back the sharp curved horns and brought down to his knees a bull that has lightly tossed lions.

236κάλλιπε καὶ τριλόφοιο καρήατα Γηρυονῆος· καὶ γὰρ ἐμὸς Διόνυσος ἑῷ ταμεσίχροϊ κισσῷ Ἄλπον ἀπηλοίησε, θεημάχον υἱὸν Ἀρούρης, Ἄλπον ἐχιδναίοις ἑκατὸν κομόωντα καρήνοις, 240ἠελίου ψαύοντα καὶ αὖ ἐρύοντα Σελήνην, ἀστραίην πλοκάμοισι περιθλίβοντα χορείην.

Leave aside also the heads of threecrested Geryones ; for my Dionysos with his fleshcutting ivy shore through Alpos, that godfighting son of Earth, Alpos with a hundred vipers on his head for hair, who touched the Sun, and pulled back the Moon, and tormented the company of stars with his tresses.

242ἆθλα μὲν Ἡρακλῆος, ὃν ἤροσεν ἀθάνατος Ζεὺς Ἀλκμήνης τρισέληνον ἔχων παιδοσπόρον εὐνήν, οὐτιδανὸς πόνος ἦεν ὀρίτροφος· ἔργα δὲ Βάκχου 245ἠὲ Γίγας πολύπηχυς ἢ ὑψιλόφων πρόμος Ἰνδῶν, οὐ κεμάς, οὐ βοέης ἀγέλης στίχες, οὐ λάσιος σῦς, οὐδὲ κύων, ἢ ταῦρος, ἢ αὐτόπρεμνος ὀπώρη χρυσοφαής, ἢ κόπρος, ἢ ἄστατος ὄρνις ἀλήτης οὐτιδανὴν ἀσίδηρον ἔχων πτερόεσσαν ἀκωκήν, 250ἢ γένυς ἱππείη ξεινοκτόνος, οὐ μία μίτρη Ἱππολύτης ἐλάχεια· Διωνύσοιο δὲ νίκη Δηριάδης ἀπέλεθρος ἢ εἰκοσίπηχυς Ὀρόντης.

The labours of Heracles, who was son of immortal Zeus, when for three moonlights he possessed the fruitful bed of Alemene, were a petty job in the mountains: but the exploits of Bacchos, whether Giant of many arms or chief of the highcrested Indians, were not a deer, no herds of oxen, no shaggy boar, no dog or bull, no goldglinting fruit and its roots, no dung, no random wandering bird with silly wing-shafts not made of steel, no horse’s man-eating teeth, no little belt of Hippolyta. The victory of Dionysos was huge Deriades and twentycubit Orontes.

253παμφαὲς υἱὲ Μέλητος, Ἀχαιίδος ἄφθιτε κῆρυξ, ἱλήκοι σέο βίβλος ὁμόχρονος ἠριγενείῃ· 255Τρῳάδος ὑσμίνης οὐ μνήσομαι· οὐ γὰρ ἐίσκω Αἰακίδῃ Διόνυσον ἢ Ἕκτορι Δηριαδῆα. ὑμνήσειν μὲν ὄφελλε τόσον καὶ τοῖον ἀγῶνα Μοῦσα τεὴ καὶ Βάκχον ἀκοντιστῆρα Γιγάντων, ἄλλοις δʼ ὑμνοπόλοισι πόνους Ἀχιλῆος ἐᾶσαι, 260εἰ μὴ τοῦτο Θέτις γέρας ἥρπασεν. ἀλλὰ λιγαίνειν πνεῦσον ἐμοὶ τεὸν ἄσθμα θεόσσυτον· ὑμετέρης γὰρ δεύομαι εὐεπίης, ὅτι τηλίκον Ἄρεα μέλπων Ἰνδοφόνους ἱδρῶτας ἀμαλδύνω Διονύσου.

Q brilliant son of Meles, deathless herald of Achaia, may your book pardon me, immortal as the Dawn! I will not speak of the Trojan War ; for I do not compare Dionysos to Aiacides, or Deriades to Hector. Your Muse ought to have hymned so great and mighty a struggle, how Bacchos brought low the Giants, and ought to have left the labours of Achilles to other bards, had not Thetis stolen that glory from you. But breathe into me your inspired breath to sing my lay; for I need your lovely speech, since I make nothing of the sweat of Dionysos, the fatal foe of India, when I hymn so great a war.

264ἀλλά, θεά, με κόμιζε τὸ δεύτερον εἰς μέσον Ἰνδῶν, 265ἔμπνοον ἔγχος ἔχοντα καὶ ἀσπίδα πατρὸς Ὁμήρου, μαρνάμενον Μορρῆι καὶ ἄφρονι Δηριαδῆι σὺν Διὶ καὶ Βρομίῳ κεκορυθμένον· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμοῖς Βακχιάδος σύριγγος ἀγέστρατον ἦχον ἀκούσω καὶ κτύπον οὐ λήγοντα σοφῆς σάλπιγγος Ὁμήρου, 270ὄφρα κατακτείνω νοερῷ δορὶ λείψανον Ἰνδῶν.

Then bring me, O goddess, into the midst of the Indians again, holding the inspired spear and shield of Father Homer, while I attack Morrheus and the folly of Deriades, armed by the side of Zeus and Bromios ! Let me hear the syrinx of Bacchos summon the host to battle, and the ceaseless call of the trumpet in Homer’s verse, that I may destroy what is left of the Indians with my spear of the spirit.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.