Euripides · Trojan Women Τρῳάδες

Euripides, Trojan Women 1156–1206: Fourth episode: Hecuba mourns Astyanax

Hecuba asks that the shield of Hector be laid on the ground, and says that the Achaeans have more reason to fear weapons than to fear a child. She speaks to the body, saying that he would have grown to be as brave as his father and that he will never see the day on which he would have ruled, and that the gods have never been the friends of Troy.

Lines 1156–1206 · 554 words · click a number to copy its link

Hecuba

1156θέσθʼ ἀμφίτορνον ἀσπίδʼ Ἕκτορος πέδῳ, λυπρὸν θέαμα κοὐ φίλον λεύσσειν ἐμοί. ὦ μείζονʼ ὄγκον δορὸς ἔχοντες ἢ φρενῶν, τί τόνδʼ, Ἀχαιοί, παῖδα δείσαντες φόνον 1160καινὸν διειργάσασθε; μὴ Τροίαν ποτὲ πεσοῦσαν ὀρθώσειεν; οὐδὲν ἦτʼ ἄρα, ὅθʼ Ἕκτορος μὲν εὐτυχοῦντος ἐς δόρυ διωλλύμεσθα μυρίας τʼ ἄλλης χερός, πόλεως δʼ ἁλούσης καὶ Φρυγῶν ἐφθαρμένων 1165βρέφος τοσόνδʼ ἐδείσατʼ· οὐκ αἰνῶ φόβον, ὅστις φοβεῖται μὴ διεξελθὼν λόγῳ. ὦ φίλταθʼ, ὥς σοι θάνατος ἦλθε δυστυχής.

Place the shield upon the ground, Hector’s shield so deftly rounded, a piteous sight, a bitter grief for me to see. O you Achaeans, more reason have you to boast of your prowess than your wisdom. Why have you in terror of this child been guilty of a murder never matched before? Did you fear that some day he would rear again the fallen walls of Troy? It seems then you were nothing after all, when, though Hector’s fortunes in the war were prosperous and he had ten thousand other arms to back him, we still were daily overmatched; and yet, now that our city is taken and every Phrygian slain, you fear a tender child like this! I do not commend the fear of one who fears but never yet has reasoned out the cause.

Hecuba

1168εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἔθανες πρὸ πόλεως, ἥβης τυχὼν γάμων τε καὶ τῆς ἰσοθέου τυραννίδος, 1170μακάριος ἦσθʼ ἄν, εἴ τι τῶνδε μακάριον· νῦν δʼ αὔτʼ ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψυχῇ, τέκνον, οὐκ οἶσθʼ, ἐχρήσω δʼ οὐδὲν ἐν δόμοις ἔχων. δύστηνε, κρατὸς ὥς σʼ ἔκειρεν ἀθλίως τείχη πατρῷα, Λοξίου πυργώματα, 1175ὃν πόλλʼ ἐκήπευσʼ ἡ τεκοῦσα βόστρυχον φιλήμασίν τʼ ἔδωκεν, ἔνθεν ἐκγελᾷ ὀστέων ῥαγέντων φόνος, ἵνʼ αἰσχρὰ μὴ λέγω. ὦ χεῖρες, ὡς εἰκοὺς μὲν ἡδείας πατρὸς κέκτησθʼ, ἐν ἄρθροις δʼ ἔκλυτοι πρόκεισθέ μοι. 1180ὦ πολλὰ κόμπους ἐκβαλὸν φίλον στόμα, ὄλωλας, ἐψεύσω μʼ, ὅτʼ ἐσπίπτων πέπλους, Ὦ μῆτερ, ηὔδας, ἦ πολύν σοι βοστρύχων πλόκαμον κεροῦμαι, πρὸς τάφον θʼ ὁμηλίκων κώμους ἀπάξω, φίλα διδοὺς προσφθέγματα. 1185σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἔμʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ σὲ τὸν νεώτερον, γραῦς ἄπολις ἄτεκνος, ἄθλιον θάπτω νεκρόν. οἴμοι, τὰ πόλλʼ ἀσπάσμαθʼ αἵ τʼ ἐμαὶ τροφαὶ ὕπνοι τʼ ἐκεῖνοι φροῦδά μοι. τί καί ποτε γράψειεν ἄν σε μουσοποιὸς ἐν τάφῳ; 1190Τὸν παῖδα τόνδʼ ἔκτειναν Ἀργεῖοί ποτε δείσαντες; — αἰσχρὸν τοὐπίγραμμά γʼ Ἑλλάδι. ἀλλʼ οὖν πατρῴων οὐ λαχὼν ἕξεις ὅμως ἐν ᾗ ταφήσῃ χαλκόνωτον ἰτέαν. ὦ καλλίπηχυν Ἕκτορος βραχίονα 1195σῴζουσʼ, ἄριστον φύλακʼ ἀπώλεσας σέθεν. ὡς ἡδὺς ἐν πόρπακι σῷ κεῖται τύπος ἴτυός τʼ ἐν εὐτόρνοισι περιδρόμοις ἱδρώς, ὃν ἐκ μετώπου πολλάκις πόνους ἔχων ἔσταζεν Ἕκτωρ προστιθεὶς γενειάδι. 1200φέρετε, κομίζετʼ ἀθλίῳ κόσμον νεκρῷ ἐκ τῶν παρόντων· οὐ γὰρ ἐς κάλλος τύχας δαίμων δίδωσιν· ὧν δʼ ἔχω, λήψῃ τάδε. θνητῶν δὲ μῶρος ὅστις εὖ πράσσειν δοκῶν βέβαια χαίρει· τοῖς τρόποις γὰρ αἱ τύχαι, 1205ἔμπληκτος ὡς ἄνθρωπος, ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλοσε πηδῶσι, κοὐδεὶς αὐτὸς εὐτυχεῖ ποτε.

Ah! my beloved, yours is a piteous death indeed! If you had died for your city, when you had tasted of the sweets of manhood, of marriage, and of godlike power over others, then were you blessed, if anything here is blessed. But now after one glimpse, one dream of them, you know them no more, my child, and have no joy of them, though heir to all. Ah, poor child! how sadly have your own father’s walls, those towers that Loxias reared, shorn from your head the locks your mother fondled, and so often caressed, from which through fractured bones the face of murder grins—briefly to dismiss my shocking theme. O hands, how sweet the likeness you retain of his father, and yet you lie Iimp in your sockets before me! Dear mouth, so often full of words of pride, death has closed you, and you have not kept the promise you made, when nestling in my robe, Ah, mother, many a lock of my hair I will cut off for you, and to your tomb will lead my troops of friends, taking a fond farewell of you. But now I am not to be buried by you, but you, the younger one, a wretched corpse, are buried by me, on whom old age has come with loss of home and children. Ah me, those kisses numberless, the nurture that I gave to you, those sleepless nights—they all are lost! What shall the bard inscribe upon your tomb about you? Argives once for fear of him slew this child? Foul shame should that inscription be to Hellas. O child, though you have no part in all your father’s wealth, yet shall you have his brazen shield in which to find a tomb. Ah! shield that kept safe the comely arm of Hector, now have you lost your valiant keeper! How fair upon your handle lies his imprint, and on the rim that circles around are marks of sweat, that trickled often from Hector’s brow as he pressed it against his beard in battle’s stress. Come, bring forth, from such store as you have, adornment for the hapless dead, for fortune gives no chance now for lovely offerings; yet of such as I possess, you shall receive these gifts. He is a foolish mortal who thinks his luck secure and so rejoices; for fortune, like a madman in her moods, springs towards this man, then towards that; and no one ever experiences the same unchanging luck.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Trojan Women 1156–1206: Hecuba mourns Astyanax | Euripides