Euripides · Trojan Women Τρῳάδες

Euripides, Trojan Women 406–461: First episode: Cassandra foretells the wanderings of Odysseus

The Chorus says that Cassandra smiles at her own sad lot, and Talthybius says that if Apollo had not turned her wits he would not let her send the chiefs off with such ill omens. Cassandra mocks heralds as the hated servants of rulers, and, asked about Hecuba's fate, says that Hecuba will die at Troy and that Odysseus, who does not know what awaits him, will wander ten years beyond the Trojan ones, past Charybdis, the Cyclops and Circe, and descend alive to Hades, before she is led away.

Lines 406–461 · 620 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 406ὡς ἡδέως κακοῖσιν οἰκείοις γελᾷς, μέλπεις θʼ ἃ μέλπουσʼ οὐ σαφῆ δείξεις ἴσως. Ταλθύβιος εἰ μή σʼ Ἀπόλλων ἐξεβάκχευεν φρένας, οὔ τἂν ἀμισθὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς στρατηλάτας 410τοιαῖσδε φήμαις ἐξέπεμπες ἂν χθονός. ἀτὰρ τὰ σεμνὰ καὶ δοκήμασιν σοφὰ οὐδέν τι κρείσσω τῶν τὸ μηδὲν ἦν ἄρα. ὁ γὰρ μέγιστος τῶν Πανελλήνων ἄναξ, Ἀτρέως φίλος παῖς, τῆσδʼ ἔρωτʼ ἐξαίρετον 415μαινάδος ὑπέστη· καὶ πένης μέν εἰμʼ ἐγώ, ἀτὰρ λέχος γε τῆσδʼ ἂν οὐκ ἐκτησάμην. καὶ σοὶ μέν — οὐ γὰρ ἀρτίας ἔχεις φρένας — Ἀργεῖʼ ὀνείδη καὶ Φρυγῶν ἐπαινέσεις ἀνέμοις φέρεσθαι παραδίδωμʼ· ἕπου δέ μοι 420πρὸς ναῦς, καλὸν νύμφευμα τῷ στρατηλάτῃ. σὺ δʼ, ἡνίκʼ ἄν σε Λαρτίου χρῄζῃ τόκος ἄγειν, ἕπεσθαι· σώφρονος δʼ ἔσῃ λάτρις γυναικός, ὥς φασʼ οἱ μολόντες Ἴλιον.

Chorus Leader How sweetly at your own sad lot you smile, chanting a strain, which, in spite of you, may prove you wrong!

Talthybius Had not Apollo turned your wits to maenad revelry, you would not for nothing have sent my chiefs with such ominous predictions forth on their way. But, after all, these lofty minds, reputed wise, are nothing better than those that are held as nothing. For that mighty king of all Hellas, dear son of Atreus, has yielded to a passion for this mad maiden of all others; though I am poor enough, yet would I never have chosen such a wife as this. As for you, since your senses are not whole, I give your taunts against Argos and your praise of Troy to the winds to carry away. Follow me now to the ships to grace the wedding of our chief. And you too follow, whenever the son of Laertes demands your presence, for you will serve a mistress most discreet, as all declare who came to Ilium.

Cassandra

424ἦ δεινὸς ὁ λάτρις. τί ποτʼ ἔχουσι τοὔνομα 425κήρυκες, ἓν ἀπέχθημα πάγκοινον βροτοῖς, οἱ περὶ τυράννους καὶ πόλεις ὑπηρέται; σὺ τὴν ἐμὴν φῂς μητέρʼ εἰς Ὀδυσσέως ἥξειν μέλαθρα; ποῦ δʼ Ἀπόλλωνος λόγοι, οἵ φασιν αὐτὴν εἰς ἔμʼ ἡρμηνευμένοι 430αὐτοῦ θανεῖσθαι; […] τἄλλα δʼ οὐκ ὀνειδιῶ. δύστηνος, οὐκ οἶδʼ οἷά νιν μένει παθεῖν· ὡς χρυσὸς αὐτῷ τἀμὰ καὶ Φρυγῶν κακὰ δόξει ποτʼ εἶναι. δέκα γὰρ ἐκπλήσας ἔτη πρὸς τοῖσιν ἐνθάδʼ, ἵξεται μόνος πάτραν […] 435οὗ δὴ στενὸν δίαυλον ᾤκισται πέτρας δεινὴ Χάρυβδις, ὠμοβρώς τʼ ὀρειβάτης Κύκλωψ, Λιγυστίς θʼ ἡ συῶν μορφώτρια Κίρκη, θαλάσσης θʼ ἁλμυρᾶς ναυάγια, λωτοῦ τʼ ἔρωτες, Ἡλίου θʼ ἁγναὶ βόες, 440αἳ σάρκα φωνήεσσαν ἥσουσίν ποτε, πικρὰν Ὀδυσσεῖ γῆρυν. ὡς δὲ συντέμω, ζῶν εἶσʼ ἐς Ἅιδου κἀκφυγὼν λίμνης ὕδωρ κάκʼ ἐν δόμοισι μυρίʼ εὑρήσει μολών.

A clever fellow, this servant! Why is it heralds hold the name they do? All men unite in hating with one common hate the attendants of kings or governments. You say my mother shall come to the halls of Odysseus? Where then are Apollo’s words, so clear to me in their interpretation, which declare that she shall die here? What else remains, I will not taunt her with. Unhappy Odysseus, he does not know the sufferings that await him; or how these ills I and my Phrygians endure shall one day seem to him precious as gold. For beyond the ten long years spent at Troy he shall drag out other ten and then come to his country all alone . . . where dreadful Charybdis lurks in a narrow channel between the rocks; past Cyclops the savage shepherd, and Ligurian Circe who turns men to swine; shipwrecked often upon the salt sea-wave; longing to eat the lotus, and the sacred cattle of the sun, whose flesh shall utter in the days to come a human voice, bitter to Odysseus. In brief, he shall descend alive to Hades, and, though he shall escape the waters’ flood, yet shall he find a thousand troubles in his country when he arrives.

Cassandra

444ἀλλὰ γὰρ τί τοὺς Ὀδυσσέως ἐξακοντίζω πόνους; 445στεῖχʼ ὅπως τάχιστʼ· ἐς Ἅιδου νυμφίῳ γημώμεθα. ἦ κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ νυκτός, οὐκ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ὦ δοκῶν σεμνόν τι πράσσειν, Δαναϊδῶν ἀρχηγέτα. κἀμέ τοι νεκρὸν φάραγγες γυμνάδʼ ἐκβεβλημένην ὕδατι χειμάρρῳ ῥέουσαι, νυμφίου πέλας τάφου, 450θηρσὶ δώσουσιν δάσασθαι, τὴν Ἀπόλλωνος λάτριν. ὦ στέφη τοῦ φιλτάτου μοι θεῶν, ἀγάλματʼ εὔια, χαίρετʼ· ἐκλέλοιφʼ ἑορτάς, αἷς πάροιθʼ ἠγαλλόμην. ἴτʼ ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ χρωτὸς σπαραγμοῖς, ὡς ἔτʼ οὖσʼ ἁγνὴ χρόα δῶ θοαῖς αὔραις φέρεσθαί σοι τάδʼ, ὦ μαντεῖʼ ἄναξ. 455ποῦ σκάφος τὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ; ποῖ ποτʼ ἐμβαίνειν με χρή; οὐκέτʼ ἂν φθάνοις ἂν αὔραν ἱστίοις καραδοκῶν, ὡς μίαν τριῶν Ἐρινὺν τῆσδέ μʼ ἐξάξων χθονός. χαῖρέ μοι, μῆτερ· δακρύσῃς μηδέν· ὦ φίλη πατρίς, οἵ τε γῆς ἔνερθʼ ἀδελφοὶ χὡ τεκὼν ἡμᾶς πατήρ, 460οὐ μακρὰν δέξεσθέ μʼ· ἥξω δʼ ἐς νεκροὺς νικηφόρος καὶ δόμους πέρσασʼ Ἀτρειδῶν, ὧν ἀπωλόμεσθʼ ὕπο.

Enough! why do I recount the troubles of Odysseus? Lead on at once, that I may wed my husband for his home in Hades’ halls. Base you are, and basely shall you be buried, in the dead of night when day is done, you captain of that army of Danaids, who think so proudly of your fortune! Yes, and the rocky chasm with its flood of wintry waters shall give my corpse cast forth in nakedness to wild beasts to make their meal upon, near my husband’s tomb, I, Apollo’s servant. O garlands of that god most dear to me! farewell, you mystic symbols! I here resign your feasts, my joy in days gone by. Go, I tear you from my body, that, while yet mine honor is intact, I may give them to the rushing winds to waft to you, my prince of prophecy! Where is that general’s ship? Where must I go to take my place there? Lose no further time in watching for a favoring breeze to fill your sails, doomed as you are to carry from this land one of the three avenging spirits. Fare you well, mother! dry your tears. O dear country! my brothers below the earth and my own father, it will not be long before you shall welcome me; victory shall crown my advent among the dead, when I have overthrown the home of our destroyers, the house of the sons of Atreus.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.